{ "model": { "rank": 4961, "code": "thing-q151900", "model_id": "vr.tr.money-laundering", "name": "money laundering", "purpose": "Enable an agent to distinguish suspected money laundering from other financial activity, assess the supporting evidence and determine appropriate, authorised responses.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q151900/", "tier": 2, "score": 71, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "gold laundering", "structuring", "smurfing" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 71, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q151900", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151900", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:21:40Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0880b-58f9-70e3-a7e7-2ffad89cbab4\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: money laundering\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 100", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 60.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0880b-58f7-7702-8c6f-af95447e3580\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: money laundering\nRegistry id: vr.tr.money-laundering\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry:" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q151900", "registryId": "vr.tr.money-laundering", "name": "money laundering", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q151900/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.money-laundering", "name": "money laundering", "purpose": "Enable an agent to distinguish suspected money laundering from other financial activity, assess the supporting evidence and determine appropriate, authorised responses.", "definition": "Money laundering is the handling of property derived from criminal activity to conceal or disguise its illicit origin, ownership, location or movement, with legal definitions commonly also covering knowing acquisition, possession or use of criminal proceeds.", "scope_statement": "This model owns money laundering as an activity involving property derived from crime and conduct concerning its conversion, transfer, concealment, acquisition, possession or use, with classification dependent on the applicable legal framework and evidence.", "in_scope": [ "The relationship between suspected criminal proceeds and the activity being assessed", "Conduct, participants, knowledge and intent relevant to a laundering classification", "Movement and transformation of property, ownership and apparent provenance", "Competing legal, investigative and compliance operationalisations of money laundering", "Case assessment, uncertainty and authorised preventive or investigative responses" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The underlying predicate crime except where needed to establish the origin of proceeds", "Terrorist financing as a separate activity, including financing from lawful sources", "Tax planning, tax avoidance and tax offences except where their relationship to laundering is established", "General payment processing, banking and asset administration", "The full governance and operation of an anti-money-laundering compliance programme" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify evidence connecting the property to criminal activity; complexity, secrecy or unusual transactions alone do not establish laundering.", "Identify the alleged laundering conduct and relevant mental element under a named legal framework, rather than classifying every movement of criminal proceeds identically.", "Distinguish concealment of criminal origin or control from privacy practices with a supported lawful explanation.", "Distinguish laundering from terrorist financing by assessing criminal provenance separately from intended destination or use.", "Distinguish an alert, a report, an investigative allegation and an adjudicated finding; each supports a different status." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Applicable classification framework", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named jurisdiction, legal instrument or analytical definition, with effective date", "why_it_matters": "The conduct and evidence required for classification depend on the framework used." }, { "name": "Criminal-proceeds connection", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Property linked to alleged predicate activity through identified evidence; connection unresolved, supported or adjudicated", "why_it_matters": "Separates a provenance-based allegation from suspicion based only on transaction appearance." }, { "name": "Alleged conduct", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Conversion, transfer, concealment, disguise, acquisition, possession or use, subject to the selected framework", "why_it_matters": "Makes the conduct being assessed explicit instead of relying on a general laundering label." }, { "name": "Knowledge or intent assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Required mental element; evidence supporting it, contradicting it or leaving it unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Participation in a transaction does not by itself establish culpable knowledge or intent." }, { "name": "Ownership and control", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Documented and alleged links among legal owners, beneficial owners, controllers, intermediaries and beneficiaries", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to distinguish recorded ownership from effective control without assuming they differ." }, { "name": "Value attributable to suspected proceeds", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Amount or interval in a named currency, with valuation date, attribution method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Avoids treating gross transaction turnover or an entire mixed balance as proven criminal proceeds." }, { "name": "Assessment status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Alert, under review, reported, investigated, charged, adjudicated or closed, with outcome and responsible authority", "why_it_matters": "Prevents operational suspicion from being represented as a legal conclusion." } ], "affordances": [ "Map an allegation to the elements of a specified definition and identify missing evidence.", "Trace documented property movements and ownership relationships while preserving gaps and competing interpretations.", "Compare suspicious indicators with supported lawful explanations.", "Prepare an evidence-linked assessment that distinguishes observations, inferences and formal findings.", "Identify authorised escalation, preservation or review actions and the conditions required before taking them." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "definition-and-offence-boundaries", "name": "Definition and offence boundaries", "description": "Establish which meaning of money laundering is being applied and which neighbouring activities it excludes.", "rationale": "Legal offences, investigative hypotheses and compliance indicators must not be treated as interchangeable definitions.", "layers": [ { "id": "classification-framework", "name": "Classification framework", "description": "Record the authority, version and purpose of the definition used.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-elements", "name": "Applicable elements", "description": "Identify the conduct, property connection and mental element that the selected framework requires.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which jurisdiction, instrument, effective date and provision or analytical definition govern this assessment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "applicable-elements-q01" }, { "text": "Which required elements are supported, disputed or still unexamined in this instance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "applicable-elements-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-activities", "name": "Neighbouring activities", "description": "Separate laundering from related offences and lawful financial behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-separation", "name": "Classification separation", "description": "Test whether the allegation concerns laundering, the predicate offence, another financial offence or lawful conduct.", "questions": [ { "text": "What distinguishes the alleged laundering conduct from commission of the underlying offence or mere receipt of a payment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "classification-separation-q01" }, { "text": "How does the selected framework treat self-laundering, possession or use of proceeds, and overlap with other offences?", "kind": "definition", "id": "classification-separation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "criminal-proceeds-and-attribution", "name": "Criminal proceeds and attribution", "description": "Assess the alleged criminal origin of property and the extent of value attributable to it.", "rationale": "A laundering assessment needs an evidenced proceeds connection and a defensible account of the property affected.", "layers": [ { "id": "predicate-connection", "name": "Predicate connection", "description": "Record the alleged source crime and evidence connecting it to the property.", "findings": [ { "id": "proceeds-origin", "name": "Proceeds origin", "description": "Describe the criminal-provenance hypothesis without treating an allegation as established fact.", "questions": [ { "text": "What alleged criminal activity generated the property, and which records or findings support that connection?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "proceeds-origin-q01" }, { "text": "What must be established about the predicate activity under the selected framework, including activity occurring abroad?", "kind": "definition", "id": "proceeds-origin-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "value-and-mixing", "name": "Value and mixing", "description": "Assess identifiable proceeds through changes of asset form and mixing with other property.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributable-property", "name": "Attributable property", "description": "Record the property and value implicated, with explicit tracing and valuation assumptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which assets or portions of mixed funds are attributed to criminal proceeds, using what evidence and attribution method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributable-property-q01" }, { "text": "How are repeated transfers, changes in value and asset substitutions handled so that the same proceeds are not counted multiple times?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributable-property-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "conduct-and-property-trajectory", "name": "Conduct and property trajectory", "description": "Reconstruct the alleged laundering activity from observed events and changes in property presentation.", "rationale": "An activity model must describe what happened without forcing every case into a predetermined sequence.", "layers": [ { "id": "observed-events", "name": "Observed events", "description": "Link transactions and non-transactional acts into an evidenced chronology.", "findings": [ { "id": "event-chain", "name": "Event chain", "description": "Record relevant movements, conversions and acts of concealment together with gaps in the record.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dated acts involving the property are directly documented, and which links between them are inferred?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "event-chain-q01" }, { "text": "Do placement, layering or integration labels clarify the observed activity, or impose stages that the evidence does not show?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "event-chain-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "concealment-and-apparent-legitimacy", "name": "Concealment and apparent legitimacy", "description": "Examine alleged changes to the visibility or apparent legitimacy of property origin, ownership or control.", "findings": [ { "id": "representation-versus-record", "name": "Representation versus record", "description": "Compare stated transaction purposes and ownership representations with independently supported facts.", "questions": [ { "text": "What specific discrepancy supports an allegation that origin, ownership, control or purpose was concealed or misrepresented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "representation-versus-record-q01" }, { "text": "Which supported commercial, personal or administrative explanations could account for the same discrepancy?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "representation-versus-record-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "participants-control-and-knowledge", "name": "Participants, control and knowledge", "description": "Distinguish actors' roles, effective control and alleged mental states.", "rationale": "A shared transaction or organisational connection does not establish that all participants controlled the proceeds or knew their origin.", "layers": [ { "id": "actor-roles-and-control", "name": "Actor roles and control", "description": "Identify who owned, directed, facilitated or benefited from the relevant activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "effective-participation", "name": "Effective participation", "description": "Separate formal titles and recorded ownership from evidenced decisions and benefits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who could direct the relevant property or transactions, and what evidence establishes that authority or practical control?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "effective-participation-q01" }, { "text": "Which actors are alleged organisers, beneficiaries, intermediaries or unwitting participants, and where are those roles uncertain?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "effective-participation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mental-element", "name": "Mental element", "description": "Assess the knowledge or intent relevant to each actor and act.", "findings": [ { "id": "knowledge-and-intent-evidence", "name": "Knowledge and intent evidence", "description": "Keep observed behaviour separate from conclusions about what a participant knew or intended.", "questions": [ { "text": "What mental element does the applicable framework require for this actor's alleged conduct?", "kind": "definition", "id": "knowledge-and-intent-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What contemporaneous evidence supports or contradicts that mental element at the time of the act?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "knowledge-and-intent-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "assessment-and-authorised-response", "name": "Assessment and authorised response", "description": "Translate evidence into a qualified case status and an action appropriate to the agent's authority.", "rationale": "Recognition must lead to accountable decisions without converting an indicator into a verdict or assuming powers the agent does not hold.", "layers": [ { "id": "evidence-and-case-status", "name": "Evidence and case status", "description": "Track the basis, limitations and institutional status of the assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-assessment", "name": "Qualified assessment", "description": "Record why an activity is flagged and how far the available evidence supports the allegation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the current label an automated alert, analyst suspicion, filed report, formal allegation or adjudicated finding, and who assigned it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which evidence gaps, source limitations and alternative explanations materially affect the assessment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualified-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "response-authority", "name": "Response authority", "description": "Identify permissible next steps and the prerequisites for taking them.", "findings": [ { "id": "proportionate-next-action", "name": "Proportionate next action", "description": "Connect proposed review, reporting or property-related actions to a documented mandate and applicable conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which evidence-preservation, internal escalation or external reporting action is required or permitted for this actor in this jurisdiction?", "kind": "action", "id": "proportionate-next-action-q01" }, { "text": "What authority, threshold and review are required before restricting a transaction, disclosing case information or taking action against property?", "kind": "action", "id": "proportionate-next-action-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the criminal activity, rather than the compliance discipline of anti-money laundering; it is recalled knowledge, not researched source verification.", "The listed kinds overlap and are not a single exhaustive taxonomy; placement, layering and integration are explanatory stages rather than separate kinds.", "Check jurisdiction-specific offence elements and current implementation of international standards; estimates and reporting counts cannot establish the true prevalence of laundering." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of money laundering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Self-laundering: laundering proceeds of one's own predicate offence", "Third-party laundering: laundering proceeds on behalf of another offender", "Professional money laundering: providing laundering services as a business", "Trade-based money laundering: using trade transactions to disguise criminal proceeds", "Money laundering involving cash", "Money laundering involving virtual assets" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of money laundering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Recommendations: international standards for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation financing", "United Nations Vienna Convention of 1988: requires criminalisation of specified laundering conduct involving drug-trafficking proceeds", "United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime: establishes money-laundering criminalisation and prevention obligations", "United Nations Convention against Corruption: addresses laundering of criminal proceeds and preventive measures", "Basel Committee on Banking Supervision guidance on sound management of risks related to money laundering and financing of terrorism" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of money laundering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Criminal-law classification for investigating and prosecuting dealings with criminal proceeds", "Financial institutions' customer due diligence, transaction monitoring and suspicious-activity reporting", "Financial intelligence units' analysis of reports and dissemination of financial intelligence", "Asset tracing, freezing, seizure and confiscation proceedings", "National and sectoral assessments of exposure to illicit financial activity" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of money laundering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Estimated value of criminal proceeds laundered within a defined period and territory", "typical_range": "No reliable universal range; estimates depend strongly on scope and method", "unit": "Currency per reporting period" }, { "quantity": "Suspicious transaction or activity reports submitted", "typical_range": "Varies by jurisdiction, reporting population and reporting rules; does not directly measure laundering incidence", "unit": "Reports per reporting period" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of money laundering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Enables offenders to retain and use criminal proceeds, supporting further crime and corruption", "Obscures beneficial ownership and the provenance of assets", "Can distort competition and undermine institutional integrity", "Detection systems can miss illicit activity or incorrectly flag legitimate transactions", "Treating placement, layering and integration as a mandatory sequence can obscure cases that do not follow that explanatory model" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of money laundering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Jurisdictions differ in which predicate offences generate proceeds covered by laundering offences.", "Treatment of self-laundering, required mental elements and corporate liability varies across legal systems.", "Reporting duties, covered professions, beneficial-ownership requirements and enforcement practices vary by jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of money laundering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Terrorist financing", "difference": "Distinguished by the intended terrorist use of funds, which may originate legally or illegally; laundering concerns dealings with criminal proceeds." }, { "name": "Tax evasion", "difference": "Concerns unlawful avoidance of tax obligations; it may generate proceeds subject to laundering law but is not itself synonymous with laundering." }, { "name": "Fraud", "difference": "Typically obtains value through deception; laundering concerns subsequent or overlapping dealings with criminal proceeds." }, { "name": "Asset concealment", "difference": "Concealing assets does not necessarily involve criminal proceeds; their criminal provenance and the applicable offence elements distinguish laundering." }, { "name": "Illicit financial flows", "difference": "A broader and contested category of illicit movements of value that can include laundering alongside other activities." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of money laundering this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which existing Vercy world model, if any, already owns this concept and should serve as the single publication for the registry entry?", "Which authoritative definitions should anchor the model, and how should jurisdictional differences in predicate offences, mental elements and self-laundering be represented?", "When do investigative and compliance operationalisations diverge from offence definitions, and which distinctions are necessary to prevent misclassification?", "Which tracing and valuation methods are defensible for mixed or transformed property, and how should disagreement between methods be recorded?", "What evidence supports the usefulness and limitations of the placement-layering-integration framework across different laundering cases?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a money laundering, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to distinguish suspected money laundering from other financial activity, assess the supporting evidence and determine appropriate, authorised responses.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: gold laundering, structuring, smurfing.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a money laundering, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "gold laundering", "structuring", "smurfing" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one money laundering from another, and a money laundering from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a money laundering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a money laundering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a money laundering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a money laundering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a money laundering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a money laundering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a money laundering sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a money laundering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a money laundering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a money laundering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a money laundering from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a money laundering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a money laundering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a money laundering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a money laundering passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a money laundering between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a money laundering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a money laundering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a money laundering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a money laundering, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a money laundering is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a money laundering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a money laundering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a money laundering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a money laundering proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a money laundering, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a money laundering and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a money laundering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a money laundering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a money laundering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a money laundering consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a money laundering takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a money laundering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a money laundering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a money laundering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What money laundering is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of money laundering are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is money laundering operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of money laundering and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of money laundering?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as money laundering?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a money laundering came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a money laundering and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a money laundering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a money laundering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a money laundering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a money laundering is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a money laundering, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a money laundering, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a money laundering is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }