{ "model": { "rank": 5694, "code": "thing-q154278", "model_id": "vr.tr.ethnic-cleansing", "name": "ethnic cleansing", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to assess evidence of identity-targeted coercive removal from a territory, track its progression and continuing effects, and support protection and accountability decisions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q154278/", "tier": 2, "score": 65, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "remigration" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 65, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.ethnic-cleansing", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q154278", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154278", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:02:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "missingProviders": [ "Grok" ], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": null, "turns": null, "seconds": 6.2, "error": "Error: Internal error: {\n \"message\": \"API error (status 402 Payment Required): Grok Build usage balance exhausted\",\n \"http_status\": 402\n}", "retried": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 109, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b18-ebaa-7461-a859-707769d7f223\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ethnic cleansing\nRegistry id: vr.tr.ethnic-cleansing\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry:" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q154278", "registryId": "vr.tr.ethnic-cleansing", "name": "ethnic cleansing", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q154278/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ethnic-cleansing", "name": "ethnic cleansing", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to assess evidence of identity-targeted coercive removal from a territory, track its progression and continuing effects, and support protection and accountability decisions.", "definition": "", "scope_statement": "This model owns the assessment of an alleged or documented ethnic-cleansing episode or campaign: targeted populations, territorial objectives, coercive displacement, responsible actors, exclusion from return, evidence and response constraints.", "in_scope": [ "Selection of people for removal through attributed ethnic or religious identity", "Evidence of an objective to change a territory's population composition through coercive removal", "Connected acts, threats and imposed conditions that cause displacement", "Episode boundaries, actor relationships and changes in territorial control", "Displacement outcomes, continuing exclusion and conditions for voluntary return", "Claim-specific uncertainty, protection priorities and accountability referrals" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General ethnic identity classification and population registries", "Complete models of armed conflict, military operations or territorial sovereignty", "Independent legal determinations of genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes", "Individual refugee status, asylum applications and immigration administration", "Complete humanitarian logistics and resettlement programme management", "Standalone property litigation and cultural heritage inventories" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require evidence connecting identity-based selection, coercion and a territorial removal objective; demographic change alone does not establish ethnic cleansing. This working boundary follows the [UN account of ethnic cleansing](https://www.un.org/en/genocide-prevention/definition).", "Distinguish removal from voluntary migration by examining credible threats, imposed living conditions and whether people had a practicable choice to remain.", "Distinguish an alleged protective evacuation from identity-targeted expulsion by examining selection, justification, treatment, duration and actual opportunities to return; an evacuation label is insufficient.", "Distinguish territorial removal intent from intent to destroy a protected group: ethnic cleansing and genocide can overlap, but neither label automatically establishes the other. See [UN definitions of atrocity crimes](https://www.un.org/en/genocide-prevention/definition).", "Distinguish persecution or segregation without removal from a campaign aimed at expelling a population; record connections without treating these concepts as interchangeable." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Targeted population and attributed identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Population linked to alleged selection criteria, attributing actor and supporting evidence; self-identification recorded separately when relevant and consented", "why_it_matters": "Establishes selective targeting without treating perpetrator-assigned categories as objective identities." }, { "name": "Territorial removal objective", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed, alleged, supported, contested or unsupported; dated assessment with reasoning", "why_it_matters": "Separates an inferred objective from displacement outcomes alone." }, { "name": "Affected territory", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named or mapped areas with time-dependent boundaries and control relationships", "why_it_matters": "Locates the removal objective and prevents misleading comparisons across changing boundaries." }, { "name": "Coercive displacement mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Reported violence, threats, forced transport, expulsion orders, destruction of habitation, deprivation, administrative exclusion or other evidenced mechanism", "why_it_matters": "Connects conduct to loss of a practicable choice to remain." }, { "name": "Displaced population estimate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Unique persons and households; dated range, geographic coverage, estimation method and duplicate adjustment", "why_it_matters": "Measures scale without confusing repeated movements with additional people." }, { "name": "Targeted population displacement proportion", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percentage or interval using an explicit pre-displacement population denominator; unknown where unsupported", "why_it_matters": "Makes magnitude interpretable while exposing uncertain baseline data." }, { "name": "Campaign phase", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Warning indicators, active removal, paused removal, continuing exclusion, return underway or unresolved; multiple phases may coexist by locality", "why_it_matters": "Prevents cessation of expulsions from being mistaken for resolution." }, { "name": "Actor involvement", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Actor linked to alleged ordering, execution, facilitation, control or obstruction, with dates and evidence status", "why_it_matters": "Supports specific attribution without assigning collective responsibility." }, { "name": "Return feasibility", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unknown, blocked, unsafe, conditional or practicable; assessed separately for safety, voluntariness, access and residence", "why_it_matters": "Tests whether displacement is being maintained despite formal permission to return." }, { "name": "Assessment support", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Uncorroborated, independently corroborated, contradicted or unresolved for each claim; judicial findings recorded with exact scope", "why_it_matters": "Keeps evidence quality separate from severity and legal characterization." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess whether reported displacement warrants investigation as possible ethnic cleansing, identifying supporting and contrary evidence.", "Connect identity-targeted incidents into a provisional campaign while preserving local differences and disputed links.", "Track active removal, population loss and continuing barriers to return with explicit uncertainty.", "Prepare privacy-preserving evidence summaries for authorized protection and accountability review.", "Flag urgent protection needs without waiting for a settled campaign label.", "Compare proposed responses against affected people's preferences, responder authority and risks of further coerced movement." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "targeting-and-territorial-purpose", "name": "Targeting and territorial purpose", "description": "Establish who is selected for removal, from where and with what evidenced objective.", "rationale": "The assessment depends on the relationship between identity selection and territorial exclusion.", "layers": [ { "id": "population-selection", "name": "Population selection", "description": "Examine how actors identify and differentially treat the population they seek to remove.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-linked-selection", "name": "Identity-linked selection", "description": "Record evidence that attributed ethnic or religious identity affects exposure to removal, including exceptions and mixed households.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which identities do the alleged actors attribute to those selected, and how is that attribution evidenced?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-linked-selection-q01" }, { "text": "What comparative evidence shows differential treatment of similarly situated people outside the targeted population?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "identity-linked-selection-q02" }, { "text": "Which exceptions, mixed households or alternative selection explanations challenge the targeting assessment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-linked-selection-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "territorial-objective", "name": "Territorial objective", "description": "Separate evidence of intended population removal from demographic outcomes and assumptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "removal-purpose-evidence", "name": "Removal purpose evidence", "description": "Assess statements and conduct that support or undermine an objective to remove the targeted population from a defined area.", "questions": [ { "text": "What territory is allegedly intended to exclude the population, and how did its boundaries change over time?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "removal-purpose-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which authenticated statements, orders or patterns of conduct support the removal objective?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "removal-purpose-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which competing explanations have been examined, and what evidence distinguishes them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "removal-purpose-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "coercion-and-displacement", "name": "Coercion and displacement", "description": "Examine how people lose a practicable choice to remain and how particular departures relate to that coercion.", "rationale": "Departure records alone cannot distinguish coerced removal from other population movements.", "layers": [ { "id": "conditions-for-departure", "name": "Conditions for departure", "description": "Record acts and imposed conditions that constrain remaining in place.", "findings": [ { "id": "coercive-environment", "name": "Coercive environment", "description": "Connect reported threats, violence, deprivation or expulsion measures to the options available to affected people.", "questions": [ { "text": "What specific acts or conditions made remaining dangerous or impracticable, for whom and during which period?", "kind": "definition", "id": "coercive-environment-q01" }, { "text": "What testimony or contemporaneous records connect those conditions to decisions to leave?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "coercive-environment-q02" }, { "text": "Was apparent consent obtained under threats or conditions that removed a meaningful alternative?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "coercive-environment-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-alternative-explanations", "name": "Movement and alternative explanations", "description": "Reconstruct displacement while examining claims of evacuation, general flight or voluntary migration.", "findings": [ { "id": "departure-causation", "name": "Departure causation", "description": "Record origins, timing and destinations at a safe level of detail, distinguishing observed movement from inferred causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which movements followed documented coercive acts, and which have uncertain or multiple causes?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "departure-causation-q01" }, { "text": "Where evacuation is claimed, what evidence establishes its justification, identity selection, temporary character and actual return arrangements?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "departure-causation-q02" }, { "text": "How many unique people moved, over what period, and how are repeated displacement and missing observations handled?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "departure-causation-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "campaign-and-actor-attribution", "name": "Campaign and actor attribution", "description": "Determine which incidents belong together and what can be attributed to particular actors.", "rationale": "A campaign assessment needs supported connections across incidents and specific attribution of conduct.", "layers": [ { "id": "incident-linkage", "name": "Incident linkage", "description": "Test whether local removals form a connected episode or campaign.", "findings": [ { "id": "campaign-boundaries", "name": "Campaign boundaries", "description": "Group incidents through evidenced connections while retaining uncertain links and distinct local trajectories.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which shared orders, actors, selection practices or coordinated events connect the incidents?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "campaign-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence determines the campaign's temporal and geographic boundaries rather than merely proximity between incidents?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "campaign-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "actor-roles-and-control", "name": "Actor roles and control", "description": "Separate ordering, execution, assistance and territorial control.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-conduct", "name": "Attributed conduct", "description": "Record actor-specific allegations and supported findings without inferring responsibility from ethnicity or organizational membership alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which actor is linked to each removal-related act, in what role and through which evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-conduct-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports effective control or coordination, and what limits or contradicts that inference?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attributed-conduct-q02" }, { "text": "Who controlled the affected territory when removal or obstruction of return occurred?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributed-conduct-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-loss-and-continuing-exclusion", "name": "Population loss and continuing exclusion", "description": "Measure displacement outcomes and examine whether the targeted population remains excluded.", "rationale": "The model must recognize both ongoing removal and persistence of its effects.", "layers": [ { "id": "demographic-outcomes", "name": "Demographic outcomes", "description": "Compare population presence over time without treating composition changes as proof of intent.", "findings": [ { "id": "population-change-accounting", "name": "Population change accounting", "description": "Track displacement, remaining residents and return with uncertainty and consistent geographic coverage.", "questions": [ { "text": "What baseline supports estimates of the population removed or remaining, and how uncertain is it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "population-change-accounting-q01" }, { "text": "How are displacement, deaths, missing persons, return and unrelated migration distinguished without double counting?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "population-change-accounting-q02" }, { "text": "Could changing boundaries, identity categories or observation access explain part of the measured population change?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "population-change-accounting-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "maintenance-of-exclusion", "name": "Maintenance of exclusion", "description": "Examine obstacles to safe residence and voluntary return.", "findings": [ { "id": "return-and-residence-barriers", "name": "Return and residence barriers", "description": "Assess threats, restrictions, destroyed homes, dispossession and other evidenced barriers that sustain exclusion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which present barriers prevent affected people from returning or residing safely, and who maintains them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "return-and-residence-barriers-q01" }, { "text": "Do reported returns represent durable residence, temporary visits or movement under pressure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "return-and-residence-barriers-q02" }, { "text": "What would affected people need for a voluntary and safe choice among return, local integration or settlement elsewhere?", "kind": "action", "id": "return-and-residence-barriers-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-characterization", "name": "Evidence and characterization", "description": "Keep the campaign assessment auditable and distinguish descriptive conclusions from legal determinations.", "rationale": "Serious allegations require explicit evidentiary support, competing interpretations and precise attribution of findings.", "layers": [ { "id": "claim-level-evidence", "name": "Claim-level evidence", "description": "Record the basis, independence and limitations of evidence for each material claim.", "findings": [ { "id": "corroboration-and-contradiction", "name": "Corroboration and contradiction", "description": "Separate observations, testimony and inference while recording contradictions and reporting gaps.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which accessible source supports each claim about targeting, coercion, intent or exclusion, and what did that source directly establish?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "corroboration-and-contradiction-q01" }, { "text": "Are apparently corroborating accounts independent or derived from the same witness, document or report?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "corroboration-and-contradiction-q02" }, { "text": "What contradictory evidence or inaccessible population could materially change the assessment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "corroboration-and-contradiction-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "descriptive-and-legal-boundaries", "name": "Descriptive and legal boundaries", "description": "Record who applies each characterization and the evidentiary or legal basis they use.", "findings": [ { "id": "characterization-status", "name": "Characterization status", "description": "Maintain separate assessments of ethnic cleansing and any alleged underlying crimes; the term is not a standalone international crime according to the [UN explanation](https://www.un.org/en/genocide-prevention/definition).", "questions": [ { "text": "Who characterizes the episode as ethnic cleansing, using what definition and evidentiary standard?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "characterization-status-q01" }, { "text": "Which underlying crimes require separate assessment of their elements, jurisdiction and applicable law?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "characterization-status-q02" }, { "text": "Which conclusions are allegations, investigative assessments or judicial findings, and what is the precise scope of each?", "kind": "definition", "id": "characterization-status-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-and-response", "name": "Protection and response", "description": "Connect the current situation to protective decisions, safe documentation and authorized review.", "rationale": "The model must guide responses to coerced removal without exposing affected people or making assistance depend on a settled label.", "layers": [ { "id": "current-protection-needs", "name": "Current protection needs", "description": "Identify immediate threats of removal, repeated displacement and retaliation.", "findings": [ { "id": "protective-action-priorities", "name": "Protective action priorities", "description": "Record time-sensitive needs and proposed measures in relation to affected people's choices and responder capabilities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which people face imminent expulsion, renewed coercion or retaliation, and what evidence establishes urgency?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "protective-action-priorities-q01" }, { "text": "Which authorized responders can address those threats, and what preferences have affected people expressed?", "kind": "action", "id": "protective-action-priorities-q02" }, { "text": "Could a proposed evacuation, relocation or aid condition pressure people to leave or prevent their return?", "kind": "action", "id": "protective-action-priorities-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "safe-documentation-and-review", "name": "Safe documentation and review", "description": "Support evidence preservation and referral while limiting exposure of identities and locations.", "findings": [ { "id": "disclosure-and-referral-constraints", "name": "Disclosure and referral constraints", "description": "Determine what can be preserved, shared or escalated without facilitating targeting or compromising witnesses.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which identity, location or testimony details could expose survivors, witnesses or people who remain?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "disclosure-and-referral-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "What consent, authority, access restrictions and evidence-preservation procedures govern each proposed disclosure?", "kind": "action", "id": "disclosure-and-referral-constraints-q02" }, { "text": "Which unresolved findings require specialist review, and what minimum evidence can be safely referred?", "kind": "action", "id": "disclosure-and-referral-constraints-q03" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which operational definition and evidentiary threshold should govern a supported ethnic-cleansing assessment when an explicit removal order is absent?", "How should the model handle contested identities and targeting through proxies such as language, ancestry, nationality or residence?", "What evidence best distinguishes identity-targeted removal from general conflict flight or a claimed protective evacuation in mixed-cause cases?", "When should geographically separated expulsions be treated as one campaign, and when should continuing exclusion be assessed as a distinct episode?", "Which indicators justify describing a campaign as ended when expulsions have stopped but safe residence, voluntary return and remedies remain unresolved?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 12, "questions": 35 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a ethnic cleansing, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to assess evidence of identity-targeted coercive removal from a territory, track its progression and continuing effects, and support protection and accountability decisions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: remigration.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 65 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a ethnic cleansing, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "remigration" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 65 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one ethnic cleansing from another, and a ethnic cleansing from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a ethnic cleansing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a ethnic cleansing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a ethnic cleansing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a ethnic cleansing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a ethnic cleansing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a ethnic cleansing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a ethnic cleansing sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a ethnic cleansing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a ethnic cleansing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a ethnic cleansing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a ethnic cleansing from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a ethnic cleansing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a ethnic cleansing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a ethnic cleansing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a ethnic cleansing passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a ethnic cleansing between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a ethnic cleansing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a ethnic cleansing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a ethnic cleansing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a ethnic cleansing, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a ethnic cleansing is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a ethnic cleansing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a ethnic cleansing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a ethnic cleansing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a ethnic cleansing proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a ethnic cleansing, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a ethnic cleansing and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a ethnic cleansing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a ethnic cleansing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a ethnic cleansing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a ethnic cleansing consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a ethnic cleansing takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a ethnic cleansing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a ethnic cleansing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a ethnic cleansing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What ethnic cleansing is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of ethnic cleansing are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is ethnic cleansing operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of ethnic cleansing and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of ethnic cleansing?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as ethnic cleansing?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a ethnic cleansing came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a ethnic cleansing and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a ethnic cleansing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a ethnic cleansing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a ethnic cleansing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a ethnic cleansing is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a ethnic cleansing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a ethnic cleansing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a ethnic cleansing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }