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Research draft

natural person

vr.tr.natural-person · PHY.LIV

Let an agent explain the concept of the natural person in law and its contrast with legal persons, describe legal capacity and status categories such as citizen and foreigner neutrally, and route personal legal questions to professionals.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain the concept of the natural person in law and its contrast with legal persons, describe legal capacity and status categories such as citizen and foreigner neutrally, and route personal legal questions to professionals.

In law, an individual human being as a bearer of rights and duties, as distinct from a legal person such as a corporation, with legal capacity from birth and personality recognised regardless of nationality, so that categories such as citizen, foreigner, foreign worker, foreign student and metic describe statuses of natural persons; the concept underlies civil, contract, family and human rights law and is used in data protection and identification systems.

What it is for: Individual humans as legal subjects.

It can be explain the concept; contrast with legal persons; describe status categories neutrally; route legal questions.

Distinguishing features

Human individual

Legal capacity

Rights and duties

Status categories

What it looks like

Not physical as a concept; every human being.

How it is recognised

Human being with legal personality

Contrast with corporations

A legal person may be a company or state body

Related models

is a kind of - category

legal person

is a kind of - category

anatomically modern human

is related to - capacity and guardianship

conservator-ward relation

is related to - nationals of a state

Canadians

In practice

Families and kinds

natural persons with full capacity

minors and persons under guardianship

citizens and nationals

foreigners, foreign workers and students

stateless persons

Standards and regulation

Civil codes and common law on legal personality

Human rights instruments

Data protection law definitions

Failure modes and hazards

Agents giving personal legal advice

Dehumanising language about foreigners

Confusing natural and legal persons

Also called

meticforeignerforeign workerforeign minorforeign university studentpresent foreign populationguiziundocumented immigrantgaijinexpatriateforeign nationalforeign workers in the Soviet Unionforeign workers in Denmarkmigrant workers in Russiaforeign workers in Germanyinternational studentJapanese expatriateexpatriate Swedeexpatriates in Japanexpatriates in ThailandIsraelis abroadVietnam War resisters in SwedenkanshōJapanese student in Tang Chinahaiguiinvested cooperative membersingle-person companynatural person doing business according to some other law than Trade Licensing Act or Agriculture Act not registered in the Commercial Registernatural person doing business according to some other law than Trade Licensing Act or Agriculture Act registered in the Commercial RegisterPosesjonatenterpriserrefusenikphysical person — entrepreneureenmanszaaksole proprietorshipnatural person doing business according to the Trade Licensing Act not registered in the Commercial Registernatural person doing business according to the Trade Licensing Act registered in the Commercial RegisterDeponentprivate person carrying on tradeindividual merchant

+11

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand The concept.

Law.

Concept

Natural and legal persons.

Concept

Concept.

  1. What is a natural person in law, and how does the concept differ from a legal person? definition
  2. Is the user asking about a personal legal situation, which needs a lawyer? boundary

Capacity

Legal capacity.

Capacity

Capacity.

  1. When does legal personality begin and end, and how does capacity vary with age and guardianship? provenance
  2. Which entry fits legal capacity? action
Status Status categories.

Attribution.

Nationality

Citizens and foreigners.

Nationality

Nationality.

  1. How do citizen, national, foreigner, foreign worker and foreign student statuses differ in rights, and how are they described neutrally? provenance
  2. Is the language respectful and non-dehumanising? boundary

History

Historical statuses.

History

History.

  1. What were historical statuses such as the metic in ancient Athens, and how did legal personhood expand over time, according to historians? provenance
  2. Which entry fits a specific historical status? action
Apply Natural persons in systems.

Practice.

Data

Data protection.

Data

Data.

  1. How do data protection laws define natural persons, and what follows for personal data? provenance
  2. Which entry fits data protection? action

Identity

Identification.

Identity

Identification.

  1. How are natural persons identified in registers and identity systems? provenance
  2. Which entry fits civil registration? action
Learn Thought and teaching.

Education.

Philosophy

Personhood in thought.

Philosophy

Philosophy.

  1. How have philosophers and jurists debated personhood and its scope, with positions attributed? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Teach

Teaching.

Teach

Teaching.

  1. How can the natural person concept be taught in law? action
  2. Which misconceptions arise? provenance

What the second pass must settle

  • Should legal capacity be a separate entry?
  • How should national laws be linked?
  • How should status terms be documented neutrally?