{ "model": { "rank": 3533, "code": "thing-q156091", "model_id": "vr.tr.atropa-bella-donna", "name": "Atropa bella-donna", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Atropa bella-donna, distinguish species-level knowledge from observations of plants and populations, and choose evidence-based monitoring and handling actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q156091/", "tier": 2, "score": 84, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 84, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q156091", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156091", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:29:37Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 28.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c44-c9e5-7173-a2f5-aa5e6d3ebf63\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Atropa bella-donna\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 004: 1", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 100.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c44-c9d5-7791-bbde-a9d82941c334\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Atropa bella-donna\nRegistry id: vr.tr.atropa-bella-donna\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this en" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q156091", "registryId": "vr.tr.atropa-bella-donna", "name": "Atropa bella-donna", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q156091/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.atropa-bella-donna", "name": "Atropa bella-donna", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Atropa bella-donna, distinguish species-level knowledge from observations of plants and populations, and choose evidence-based monitoring and handling actions.", "definition": "Atropa belladonna L. (1753), commonly called deadly nightshade, is a poisonous perennial herbaceous plant species in the family Solanaceae, native to parts of Europe, North Africa and western Asia, and containing tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the biological identity and organism-specific assessment requirements of vr.tr.atropa-bella-donna in PHY / PHY.LIV, including recognition, development, occurrence, population condition and toxic-plant handling.", "in_scope": [ "Taxonomic identity, nomenclatural authority and cross-database reconciliation", "Diagnostic observations and uncertainty in identification", "Individual life stages, reproductive condition and seasonal persistence", "Native or introduced occurrence, habitat and population monitoring", "Plant-associated toxicity, exposure opportunities and handling decisions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Atropine, hyoscyamine and scopolamine as independently modelled chemical substances", "Belladonna extracts, pharmaceutical products and homeopathic preparations", "Clinical diagnosis and treatment of poisoning", "Other Atropa species and plants sharing the common name nightshade", "Whole woodland ecosystems and general land-management procedures" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check reproductive structures for hanging, usually solitary, bell-shaped flowers; colour alone is insufficient because brownish-purple, greenish and yellowish flowers occur. [RHS profile](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/43837/atropa-belladonna/details)", "Check the combination of shiny black fruit, upright branching herbaceous growth and pointed oval leaves; a black berry alone cannot establish identity. [RHS profile](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/43837/atropa-belladonna/details)", "Resolve the name to Atropa bella-donna L., an accepted species in Solanaceae first published in 1753; a common-name match is insufficient. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/814358-1)", "Distinguish the registered species from Atropa acuminata: GBIF treats the latter separately despite recording a historical combination under A. bella-donna. [GBIF Atropa acuminata](https://www.gbif.org/taxon/B3MMF)", "Distinguish an intact plant or botanical specimen from a product labelled belladonna; product naming does not establish organism identity or composition." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Atropa bella-donna L.; species; Solanaceae; first publication 1753", "why_it_matters": "Anchors observations to an explicit taxonomic treatment. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/814358-1)" }, { "name": "External taxon correspondence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "NCBI Taxonomy 33113 under Atropa belladonna; GBIF Catalogue of Life record VJTGV; retain provider and version", "why_it_matters": "Supports evidence exchange without assuming identical spellings or identifiers imply identical taxon concepts. [NCBI](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=33113&lvl=0), [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/taxon/VJTGV)" }, { "name": "Biological subject level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "species concept | local population | individual plant | detached specimen", "why_it_matters": "Prevents transferring a specimen measurement or local population decline to the entire species." }, { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unresolved | provisional | expert-confirmed; supporting observations and determination date", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether an observation can support occurrence records or consequential management." }, { "name": "Observed reproductive morphology", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "flower shape, orientation and colour; fruit colour and arrangement; calyx appearance; unavailable", "why_it_matters": "Preserves the observable evidence needed to compare candidate identifications." }, { "name": "Plant dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "height in cm; leaf length and fruit diameter in mm; organ and observation date", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and growth monitoring without treating horticultural size ranges as universal limits." }, { "name": "Developmental and seasonal condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "seed | seedling | vegetative | flowering | fruiting | senescent shoots | dormant | dead | unresolved; concurrent states allowed", "why_it_matters": "Separates reproductive timing and seasonal shoot loss from whole-plant mortality." }, { "name": "Occurrence establishment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "native | introduced-established | introduced-casual | cultivated | uncertain; geographic unit and evidence date", "why_it_matters": "Separates a cultivated observation from evidence of a wild population." }, { "name": "Habitat observations", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "soil pH; canopy cover in percent; soil moisture with method; elevation in m", "why_it_matters": "Allows local habitat associations to be assessed from observations." }, { "name": "Population condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "counting unit, abundance, recruitment, occupied area in square metres and trend with survey effort", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes persistence of established plants from successful replacement." }, { "name": "Conservation assessment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "assessment body, category, geographic scope, assessment year and source; unverified when unavailable", "why_it_matters": "Keeps global IUCN assessment, regional status and legal protection separate." }, { "name": "Exposure opportunity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "accessible fruit or plant material; human or animal access; suspected ingestion; controls present; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports site-specific handling decisions for a plant identified as toxic if eaten. [RHS profile](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/43837/atropa-belladonna/details)" } ], "affordances": [ "Compare documented morphology with an authoritative botanical key and request expert determination when evidence is incomplete.", "Attach photographs, vouchers and determinations to an individual or occurrence without changing species-level claims.", "Monitor flowering, fruiting, seasonal reappearance and recruitment at a defined site.", "Compare local occurrence evidence with sourced native-range and establishment records.", "Flag accessible plant material for exposure prevention and route suspected poisoning to an appropriate emergency service.", "Evaluate retention, collection or removal against identification confidence, local conservation evidence and applicable permissions." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "taxonomic-identity", "name": "Taxonomic identity", "description": "Anchor belladonna records to the registered species and a named taxonomic treatment.", "rationale": "Spelling differences, historical names and medicinal labels can otherwise merge distinct subjects.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name", "description": "Record nomenclatural identity and external mappings.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Name and authority", "description": "Use Atropa bella-donna L., published in 1753, as the accepted name under the consulted treatment. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/814358-1)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic treatment and retrieval date establish the accepted name and circumscription?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "name-and-authority-q01" }, { "text": "Do the NCBI and GBIF records represent the same species concept, and which spelling and identifier does each provider use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "name-and-authority-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "biological-boundaries", "name": "Biological boundaries", "description": "Separate taxon assertions, observed plants and derived materials.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-and-material", "name": "Subject and material", "description": "Every assertion must identify whether it concerns the species, a population, an individual or material taken from a plant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe the species, a local population, one plant or a detached specimen?", "kind": "definition", "id": "subject-and-material-q01" }, { "text": "Is a belladonna-labelled item botanical material with documented origin or a preparation requiring a separate product model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "subject-and-material-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "botanical-recognition", "name": "Botanical recognition", "description": "Assess identity through observable characters and explicit exclusion of alternatives.", "rationale": "A consequential identification cannot rest on the words nightshade or black berry.", "layers": [ { "id": "observable-characters", "name": "Observable characters", "description": "Capture reproductive and vegetative evidence together.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-character-set", "name": "Diagnostic character set", "description": "Record flowers, fruit, calyx, leaves and whole-plant habit, distinguishing absent organs from unobserved ones.", "questions": [ { "text": "What flower shape, orientation, colour and arrangement are directly visible?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "diagnostic-character-set-q01" }, { "text": "What fruit, calyx and leaf observations accompany the whole-plant photograph?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "diagnostic-character-set-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "alternative-identifications", "name": "Alternative identifications", "description": "Test the determination against plausible local lookalikes.", "findings": [ { "id": "lookalike-exclusion", "name": "Lookalike exclusion", "description": "Require a sourced regional key to exclude other Atropa species, black nightshades and other locally plausible berry-bearing plants.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which key characters exclude Solanum nigrum-group plants, Solanum dulcamara and relevant Atropa alternatives?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "lookalike-exclusion-q01" }, { "text": "Does missing reproductive material require the determination to remain provisional or receive expert review?", "kind": "action", "id": "lookalike-exclusion-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-reproduction", "name": "Development and reproduction", "description": "Track perennial persistence, life stages and reproductive outcomes.", "rationale": "Seasonal disappearance and fruit production answer different questions about plant survival and population replacement.", "layers": [ { "id": "seasonal-persistence", "name": "Seasonal persistence", "description": "Interpret repeated observations of a perennial plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "survival-versus-shoot-loss", "name": "Survival versus shoot loss", "description": "The species is perennial; record evidence before interpreting missing above-ground growth as mortality. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/814358-1)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which developmental states are present on this plant at the observation date?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "survival-versus-shoot-loss-q01" }, { "text": "What repeat observation distinguishes dormancy, damaged shoots and whole-plant death?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "survival-versus-shoot-loss-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reproductive-evidence", "name": "Reproductive evidence", "description": "Separate flower production, fruit set and recruitment.", "findings": [ { "id": "flower-to-recruit", "name": "Flower to recruit", "description": "Record reproductive structures and outcomes without inventing male and female plant categories or assuming fruit proves viable offspring.", "questions": [ { "text": "What floral sexual system and any sex-associated variation are established by botanical sources?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "flower-to-recruit-q01" }, { "text": "What observations distinguish flowering, fruit set, viable seed and established seedlings?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "flower-to-recruit-q02" }, { "text": "Which pollination or seed-dispersal interactions are observed locally rather than inferred?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "flower-to-recruit-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-population", "name": "Range and population", "description": "Locate plants geographically and assess establishment, habitat and persistence.", "rationale": "An occurrence point does not establish native status, a viable population or conservation security.", "layers": [ { "id": "geographic-establishment", "name": "Geographic establishment", "description": "Compare occurrences with sourced range and habitat evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-and-site-context", "name": "Range and site context", "description": "Kew reports the native range as Europe to northern Iran and northwestern Africa; local establishment still requires separate evidence. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/814358-1)", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this occurrence native, introduced or cultivated according to a source covering this geographic unit?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "range-and-site-context-q01" }, { "text": "What light, soil, moisture and disturbance conditions were measured at the occupied site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "range-and-site-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "persistence-and-status", "name": "Persistence and status", "description": "Distinguish local demographic evidence from formal assessments.", "findings": [ { "id": "population-and-assessment", "name": "Population and assessment", "description": "Keep repeat counts, recruitment, formal threat assessments and legal protection as separate evidence streams.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do repeated surveys count plants, shoots or patches, and does comparable effort support a population trend?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "population-and-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "What global IUCN assessment and regional assessments exist, with which years and geographic scopes?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "population-and-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "Which documented protection or collection constraints apply to this population?", "kind": "action", "id": "population-and-assessment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "toxicity-and-site-decisions", "name": "Toxicity and site decisions", "description": "Connect plant identity and exposure conditions to appropriate handling decisions.", "rationale": "Botanical recognition must inform access and handling without becoming a dosing or treatment model.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-evidence", "name": "Hazard evidence", "description": "Separate species-level toxicity from specimen-specific chemical measurements.", "findings": [ { "id": "plant-hazard-and-assays", "name": "Plant hazard and assays", "description": "Treat the plant as toxic if eaten; any chemical assay must retain its sampled organ, method and provenance. [RHS profile](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/43837/atropa-belladonna/details)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative source supports the recorded hazard and exposure route?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "plant-hazard-and-assays-q01" }, { "text": "If alkaloid content is measured, which plant, organ, collection date, analytical method and fresh- or dry-mass basis does the result describe?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "plant-hazard-and-assays-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-escalation", "name": "Handling and escalation", "description": "Choose actions from exposure opportunity, site purpose and verified constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "site-specific-action", "name": "Site-specific action", "description": "Record access to plant material and select justified controls, handling or specialist escalation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can children, visitors, pets or livestock access fruit or other plant material at this site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "site-specific-action-q01" }, { "text": "Which action is justified: restricted access, labelling, supervised retention or authorised removal?", "kind": "action", "id": "site-specific-action-q02" }, { "text": "Does suspected exposure require immediate referral to the relevant poison information, emergency or veterinary service?", "kind": "action", "id": "site-specific-action-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge, not source-checked research; exact database identifiers and any infraspecific taxa should be verified.", "No IUCN category or assessment year is confidently recalled; neither should be inferred from local abundance.", "Plants develop from seedlings into flowering and fruiting perennials that can resprout from underground organs; flowers are bisexual, rather than borne on separate male and female plants." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Atropa bella-donna this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical scientific name", "value_or_pattern": "Atropa belladonna L.", "note": "The registered spelling Atropa bella-donna refers to this species; L. denotes Carl Linnaeus, who published the name in 1753." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Integer taxon identifier", "note": "The species-specific value is not confidently recalled." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy ID", "value_or_pattern": "Integer taxonomy identifier", "note": "The species-specific value is not confidently recalled." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Atropa bella-donna this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, adopted through International Botanical Congresses, governs its botanical naming." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Atropa bella-donna this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cultivation as a source of tropane alkaloids for pharmaceutical production.", "Pharmacognostic study of medicinal plants and their chemical constituents.", "Historical medicinal and cosmetic use, including pupil dilation, with substantial poisoning risk." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Atropa bella-donna this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature above-ground height", "typical_range": "Approximately 0.5-2", "unit": "m" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Atropa bella-donna this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "All parts are poisonous; ingestion can cause severe or fatal antimuscarinic poisoning.", "Glossy black berries can be mistaken for edible fruit, particularly by children.", "Poisoning can produce dry mouth, dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat, overheating, delirium and seizures.", "Alkaloid concentrations vary among plant parts, individuals and growing conditions, making unstandardized preparations unpredictable." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Atropa bella-donna this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Native to parts of Europe, North Africa and western Asia; exact native boundaries require verification.", "Introduced and locally naturalized beyond its native range, including parts of North America.", "Often associated with woodland margins, clearings and disturbed ground, especially on calcareous soils." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Atropa bella-donna this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Atropa", "difference": "Atropa is the genus; Atropa belladonna is a species within it." }, { "name": "Solanum nigrum", "difference": "Black nightshade belongs to a different genus and typically has small white star-shaped flowers and clustered berries; Atropa belladonna has larger bell-shaped flowers and usually solitary berries." }, { "name": "Atropine", "difference": "Atropine is a chemical substance, the racemic form of hyoscyamine, rather than a plant taxon." }, { "name": "An individual deadly nightshade plant", "difference": "An individual is one organism with its own life history; the species encompasses populations and their members." }, { "name": "A deadly nightshade population", "difference": "A population comprises plants occurring in a particular area; its abundance and condition do not establish the status of the species as a whole." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Atropa bella-donna this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "What is the verified global IUCN assessment category and assessment year, if any, and which regional assessments apply? Absence of a retrieved assessment must not be recorded as Least Concern or Not Evaluated.", "Does the legacy GBIF species key 3802655 reconcile exactly with the current Catalogue of Life-backed GBIF record VJTGV and NCBI Taxonomy 33113?", "Which regional botanical keys establish reliable separation from other Atropa species and local nightshade lookalikes, including atypical colour forms and plants lacking flowers or fruit?", "What primary evidence establishes floral sexual organisation, breeding system, pollinators, seed dispersers and dormancy requirements across relevant populations?", "Which local population data and jurisdiction-specific rules are needed to justify retention, collection or removal at a proposed management site?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Atropa bella-donna, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Atropa bella-donna, distinguish species-level knowledge from observations of plants and populations, and choose evidence-based monitoring and handling actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 84 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Atropa bella-donna, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 84 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Atropa bella-donna from another, and a Atropa bella-donna from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Atropa bella-donna sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Atropa bella-donna from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Atropa bella-donna is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Atropa bella-donna and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Atropa bella-donna is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Atropa bella-donna is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Atropa bella-donna is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Atropa bella-donna moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Atropa bella-donna passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Atropa bella-donna between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Atropa bella-donna, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Atropa bella-donna is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Atropa bella-donna is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Atropa bella-donna, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Atropa bella-donna from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Atropa bella-donna from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Atropa bella-donna does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Atropa bella-donna pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Atropa bella-donna judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Atropa bella-donna lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Atropa bella-donna, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Atropa bella-donna hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Atropa bella-donna came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Atropa bella-donna and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Atropa bella-donna is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Atropa bella-donna, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Atropa bella-donna, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Atropa bella-donna is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }