{ "model": { "rank": 5069, "code": "thing-q156267", "model_id": "vr.tr.lignite", "name": "lignite", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise lignite, assess the condition and suitability of a particular lot, and identify evidence needed before handling, storing or using it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q156267/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Leonardite" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 70, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.lignite", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q156267", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156267", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:36:08Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08818-87ae-7672-9749-9001be1bbd19\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: lignite\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08818-87be-7342-8725-90fb9a25b8b2\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: lignite\nRegistry id: vr.tr.lignite\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q156267", "registryId": "vr.tr.lignite", "name": "lignite", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q156267/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.lignite", "name": "lignite", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise lignite, assess the condition and suitability of a particular lot, and identify evidence needed before handling, storing or using it.", "definition": "Lignite is a low-rank coal formed by coalification of peat, typically brown to black, with high inherent moisture and a lower heating value as received than higher-rank coals.", "scope_statement": "This model owns lignite as a naturally variable, low-rank coal material, including its classification, provenance, composition, moisture, energy properties, physical condition and use constraints; it distinguishes the material from its deposit, extraction process and manufactured products.", "in_scope": [ "Lignite identity and rank classification under a named classification system", "Deposit and lot provenance, sampling and material variability", "Moisture, organic composition, mineral matter and measured fuel properties", "Particle size, weathering, drying and storage condition", "Material-specific handling hazards and suitability for proposed uses" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Geological deposits, resource estimates and mineral ownership", "Mine design, extraction operations and land rehabilitation", "Boiler, power-station and emissions-control equipment", "Manufactured briquettes, activated carbon and other downstream products", "Electricity markets and energy-policy decisions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require a documented coal-rank determination to distinguish lignite from peat and subbituminous coal; colour alone is insufficient.", "Treat lignite as heterogeneous coal containing organic matter and mineral constituents, rather than as a pure chemical substance with a single molecular formula.", "Use moisture and calorific-value results only with their reporting basis; values measured after drying cannot directly characterise the delivered wet lot.", "Check local terminology when a source says brown coal, because the name alone does not establish the rank boundary used.", "Distinguish raw or conditioned lignite from carbonised char and formulated products through processing history and the resulting material identity." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Rank classification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named classification system, edition, assigned rank and supporting test results", "why_it_matters": "Establishes whether the material belongs to this model and makes regional classifications interpretable." }, { "name": "Material provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Deposit, seam, extraction location, supplier, lot and sample identifiers", "why_it_matters": "Connects measurements to the material they represent and supports investigation of variability." }, { "name": "Moisture content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass %, specifying total or analytical moisture, reporting basis, method and sampling time", "why_it_matters": "Affects delivered energy, drying requirements, handling and interpretation of other measurements." }, { "name": "Calorific value", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "MJ/kg, specifying gross or net value, moisture basis and method", "why_it_matters": "Supports fuel comparison and suitability decisions without confusing incompatible reporting conventions." }, { "name": "Proximate analysis", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass % moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon, with method and basis for each result", "why_it_matters": "Characterises fuel behaviour and residue burden while distinguishing measured quantities from calculated ones." }, { "name": "Elemental composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass % carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, with analytical or calculation method and reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of conversion suitability and potential emissions." }, { "name": "Mineral and trace-element profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Identified mineral phases and element concentrations in mg/kg or mass %, with sample basis", "why_it_matters": "Identifies constituents that may constrain processing, emissions management and residue use." }, { "name": "Particle-size distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Size fractions in mm or µm and mass %, including a defined fines fraction", "why_it_matters": "Informs feeding, segregation, dust generation and handling decisions." }, { "name": "Conditioning and weathering state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "As-mined, crushed, dried, rewetted or weathered, with treatment history and evidence of oxidation", "why_it_matters": "Properties and hazards can change between extraction, testing and use." }, { "name": "Storage thermal condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C, trend over time, observation location and applicable site trigger levels", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition and escalation of possible self-heating." }, { "name": "Applicable hazard and transport status", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Jurisdiction, transport mode, classification, evidence source and assessment date; unresolved where unverified", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from assuming that one generic material label determines every handling obligation." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a documented lot as lignite under an explicit rank system or flag insufficient evidence.", "Compare lots using compatible moisture and calorific-value bases.", "Request representative sampling or updated analysis when provenance, variability or weathering undermines existing results.", "Assess whether a lot meets a specified fuel or processing requirement.", "Evaluate proposed crushing, drying or blending against changes in energy properties, dust and storage behaviour.", "Flag handling or storage conditions that require assessment under an applicable operating procedure." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "lignite-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Lignite identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what counts as lignite and which material a classification actually describes.", "rationale": "Coal-rank conventions and informal names can otherwise cause an agent to apply the model to peat, another coal rank or a manufactured derivative.", "layers": [ { "id": "coal-rank-evidence", "name": "Coal-rank evidence", "description": "Connects the lignite designation to an explicit classification method.", "findings": [ { "id": "rank-assignment", "name": "Rank assignment", "description": "Record the assigned rank, governing system and evidence supporting its boundary with neighbouring ranks.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which classification system and edition define lignite for this material?", "kind": "definition", "id": "rank-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Which test results, on which reporting basis, support lignite rather than peat or subbituminous coal?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "rank-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names-and-material-continuity", "name": "Names and material continuity", "description": "Resolves local names and tracks whether processing preserves the identity covered here.", "findings": [ { "id": "label-and-processing-boundary", "name": "Label and processing boundary", "description": "Keep commercial terminology and processing history separate from demonstrated material identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the source use brown coal as a synonym for lignite or as a broader category?", "kind": "definition", "id": "label-and-processing-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Has the material only been crushed or dried, or has carbonisation, formulation or another transformation placed it in a neighbouring product model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "label-and-processing-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-representative-analysis", "name": "Provenance and representative analysis", "description": "Connects a variable natural material to traceable lots, samples and defensible analytical results.", "rationale": "A result from one seam interval or sample cannot automatically represent an entire shipment or stockpile.", "layers": [ { "id": "seam-to-lot-traceability", "name": "Seam-to-lot traceability", "description": "Records geological origin and the assembly of the assessed material lot.", "findings": [ { "id": "lot-origin-and-blending", "name": "Lot origin and blending", "description": "Identify the sources and mixing history relevant to interpreting lot properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which deposit, seam and extraction interval supplied this lot, and what evidence links them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "lot-origin-and-blending-q01" }, { "text": "Was lignite from different seams or sources blended, and are the constituent proportions known?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "lot-origin-and-blending-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sampling-and-reporting-basis", "name": "Sampling and reporting basis", "description": "Makes analytical results interpretable in relation to the lot and its moisture condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "sample-representativeness", "name": "Sample representativeness", "description": "Record sampling coverage, preservation and analytical conventions before accepting a measurement as representative.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did sampling capture coarse material, fines and moisture variation across the lot?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "sample-representativeness-q01" }, { "text": "Which results are as-received, air-dried, dry or dry ash-free, and could sample handling have changed moisture or oxidation state?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "sample-representativeness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "moisture-and-fuel-performance", "name": "Moisture and fuel performance", "description": "Characterises the relationship between water content, coal analysis and usable fuel performance.", "rationale": "Lignite suitability depends strongly on the condition in which energy and composition are measured and delivered.", "layers": [ { "id": "water-and-energy", "name": "Water and energy", "description": "Relates measured moisture to calorific value and proposed conditioning.", "findings": [ { "id": "delivered-energy-condition", "name": "Delivered energy condition", "description": "Assess energy properties for the actual delivery state and document assumptions about drying.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the total moisture and gross or net calorific value of the delivered lot, using compatible bases?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "delivered-energy-condition-q01" }, { "text": "If drying is proposed, what target moisture and energy requirement are supported by testing or a documented calculation?", "kind": "action", "id": "delivered-energy-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "organic-and-mineral-fractions", "name": "Organic and mineral fractions", "description": "Separates fuel-composition evidence from mineral and ash behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-and-residue-behaviour", "name": "Composition and residue behaviour", "description": "Record proximate and elemental analyses alongside mineral or ash tests needed for the proposed use.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do proximate and elemental analyses show, and which quantities were measured directly or calculated?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-and-residue-behaviour-q01" }, { "text": "Which mineral, ash-composition or ash-fusion tests are needed to judge compatibility with the intended conversion equipment?", "kind": "action", "id": "composition-and-residue-behaviour-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-condition-and-storage", "name": "Physical condition and storage", "description": "Tracks particle condition, moisture changes and evidence relevant to deterioration or self-heating.", "rationale": "Extraction-time analyses alone do not establish the condition of lignite after crushing, drying, transport or storage.", "layers": [ { "id": "fragmentation-and-moisture-change", "name": "Fragmentation and moisture change", "description": "Records handling properties and their evolution during conditioning and exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "size-and-condition-evolution", "name": "Size and condition evolution", "description": "Link current particle-size and moisture measurements to processing and storage history.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the current particle-size distribution and fines content after handling or drying?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "size-and-condition-evolution-q01" }, { "text": "Has storage exposure caused drying, rewetting or fragmentation sufficient to invalidate earlier handling or fuel assessments?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "size-and-condition-evolution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "oxidation-and-self-heating", "name": "Oxidation and self-heating", "description": "Connects observed thermal condition and oxidation evidence to applicable storage decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "thermal-condition-assessment", "name": "Thermal condition assessment", "description": "Record evidence of heating and apply documented triggers appropriate to the lot and storage arrangement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature trends or other monitored indicators suggest oxidation or self-heating, and where were they measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "thermal-condition-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which approved site procedure and trigger levels govern escalation when heating is suspected?", "kind": "action", "id": "thermal-condition-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-suitability-and-material-constraints", "name": "Use suitability and material constraints", "description": "Turns lot-specific properties into bounded decisions about use, handling and further assessment.", "rationale": "The designation lignite does not itself establish fitness for a process or determine the controls required for a particular form and jurisdiction.", "layers": [ { "id": "application-acceptance", "name": "Application acceptance", "description": "Compares measured lignite properties against an explicit receiving-process specification.", "findings": [ { "id": "lot-fit-for-purpose", "name": "Lot fit for purpose", "description": "Determine whether available evidence supports acceptance, conditioning, blending or rejection for a named use.", "questions": [ { "text": "What limits does the intended process set for moisture, calorific value, particle size, sulfur and ash properties?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "lot-fit-for-purpose-q01" }, { "text": "Does this lot meet those limits, and what additional testing or conditioning is needed before acceptance?", "kind": "action", "id": "lot-fit-for-purpose-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazards-and-applicable-obligations", "name": "Hazards and applicable obligations", "description": "Associates material-specific hazards and constituent evidence with the applicable handling context.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-handling-constraints", "name": "Documented handling constraints", "description": "Resolve dust, heating, constituent and transport concerns using evidence applicable to the actual lignite form.", "questions": [ { "text": "What testing or authoritative documentation establishes relevant dust, self-heating and constituent hazards for this material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-handling-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "Which current jurisdictional and transport requirements apply, and what material identifiers do their supporting records use?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-handling-constraints-q02" }, { "text": "Do sulfur or trace-element results require further assessment of emissions or residues before the proposed use?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-handling-constraints-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; standard editions and their precise scopes should be checked.", "The numerical ranges are broad descriptive values, not rank boundaries or purchase specifications; moisture and calorific-value reporting bases must be stated.", "Lignite is a heterogeneous geological material, not a pure compound with a single molecular formula, melting point or boiling point; identifiers and hazard classifications should be checked for the specific material." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of lignite this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Lignite A and lignite B in the ASTM rank classification", "Woody or xylitic lignite", "Earthy lignite" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of lignite this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ASTM International ASTM D388: classification of coals by rank, including lignite.", "International Organization for Standardization ISO 11760: classification of coals.", "ASTM International ASTM D3302/D3302M: determination of total moisture in coal.", "ASTM International ASTM D5865: determination of gross calorific value of coal and coke." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of lignite this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fuel for electricity generation, commonly near the mine because transporting its moisture is costly.", "Fuel for industrial heat and combined heat and power.", "Manufacture of fuel briquettes after suitable preparation and drying.", "Feedstock for gasification.", "Feedstock for some activated carbons and carbonaceous adsorbents." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of lignite this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Total moisture, as received", "typical_range": "Approximately 30-60; deposit and handling dependent", "unit": "% by mass" }, { "quantity": "Gross calorific value, as received", "typical_range": "Approximately 5-20; strongly dependent on moisture and ash", "unit": "MJ/kg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of lignite this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Oxidation during storage can cause self-heating and spontaneous combustion.", "Airborne fine coal dust can ignite or explode under suitable conditions.", "Dust inhalation presents an occupational respiratory hazard.", "Combustion releases carbon dioxide and, depending on composition and controls, particulate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and trace contaminants.", "High moisture and variable ash content can reduce combustion efficiency and complicate fuel handling; ash chemistry can contribute to fouling and slagging." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of lignite this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Brown coal is a common name, but its exact coverage relative to lignite varies among national classification systems.", "ASTM distinguishes lignite A and lignite B; other systems use different rank criteria and terminology.", "Moisture, ash, sulfur and trace-element contents vary substantially among deposits, so regional origin alone does not establish fuel quality." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of lignite this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Peat", "difference": "Peat is less coalified plant-derived material and a precursor to coal; lignite has undergone greater geological transformation." }, { "name": "Subbituminous coal", "difference": "Subbituminous coal is the next higher coal rank; the boundary depends on the classification system and specified analytical basis." }, { "name": "Bituminous coal", "difference": "Bituminous coal has a higher coalification rank and generally lower inherent moisture than lignite." }, { "name": "Leonardite", "difference": "Leonardite generally denotes strongly oxidized, humic-rich lignitic material rather than unweathered lignite fuel." }, { "name": "Lignite briquette", "difference": "A lignite briquette is a manufactured, compacted fuel product; lignite is the underlying geological material." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of lignite this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which coal-rank classification should anchor this registry entry, and how should it map to regional uses of brown coal?", "Which analytical and sampling standards should govern basis conversions and representative lot assessment?", "Which authoritative chemical identifiers, if any, apply to lignite broadly versus particular commercial materials, and what are their scope limits?", "What lot-specific evidence is needed to assess dust and self-heating hazards after drying or crushing?", "Where should the registry place the identity boundary between conditioned lignite and manufactured lignite-derived products?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a lignite, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise lignite, assess the condition and suitability of a particular lot, and identify evidence needed before handling, storing or using it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Leonardite.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a lignite, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Leonardite" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one lignite from another, and a lignite from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a lignite sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a lignite from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a lignite is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a lignite is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a lignite is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a lignite is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a lignite is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a lignite is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a lignite passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a lignite between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a lignite, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a lignite is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a lignite and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a lignite is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a lignite performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a lignite.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a lignite at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a lignite there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What lignite is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name lignite unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of lignite exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How lignite behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of lignite, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is lignite incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How lignite can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is lignite classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover lignite, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a lignite came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a lignite and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a lignite is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a lignite, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a lignite, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a lignite is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }