{ "model": { "rank": 3818, "code": "thing-q156625", "model_id": "vr.tr.carthamus-tinctorius", "name": "Carthamus tinctorius", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), assess a plant or crop's condition, and identify appropriate cultivation, conservation or harvest actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q156625/", "tier": 2, "score": 81, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 81, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q156625", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156625", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T18:49:50Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08780-425b-7322-aba0-dea8a03ef39a\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Carthamus tinctorius\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08780-4217-7442-b6e6-859cb01d80d7\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Carthamus tinctorius\nRegistry id: vr.tr.carthamus-tinctorius\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into thi" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q156625", "registryId": "vr.tr.carthamus-tinctorius", "name": "Carthamus tinctorius", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q156625/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.carthamus-tinctorius", "name": "Carthamus tinctorius", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), assess a plant or crop's condition, and identify appropriate cultivation, conservation or harvest actions.", "definition": "Carthamus tinctorius L., commonly called safflower, is an annual herbaceous species of the aster family (Asteraceae), cultivated principally for oil extracted from its seeds and for pigments obtained from its florets.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species-level identity and distinctive biological and cultivated traits of Carthamus tinctorius, with observations attached to identified plants, populations or crop stands; it distinguishes the organism from its harvested products.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification and separation from other Carthamus species, thistles and saffron", "Variation in branching, leaf spines, flower heads and cultivated forms", "Annual development from germination through flowering and achene maturity", "Crop establishment, water conditions and biological stresses", "Flower and achene production traits relevant to intended use", "Population provenance, cultivation status and reproductive context" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Safflower oil extraction, refining and finished oil specifications", "Isolated pigments, dye formulations and dyeing processes", "Medicinal preparations, therapeutic efficacy and clinical use", "Saffron cultivation and products derived from Crocus sativus", "General farm machinery, irrigation infrastructure and agricultural business operations", "Independent models for cultivars or related species without a registry-backed need" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check for a combination of an annual herbaceous habit, alternate leaves and terminal composite flower heads surrounded by overlapping bracts; resemblance to a thistle alone is insufficient.", "Inspect heads for tubular florets rather than prominent ray florets; record flower colour and developmental stage because colour alone does not establish identity.", "Record spines on leaves and head bracts, while allowing for cultivated forms with reduced spines.", "Distinguish safflower's composite heads and dry one-seeded fruits from Crocus sativus, whose saffron product consists of stigmas from individual crocus flowers.", "Use a botanical key or authenticated reference to distinguish other Carthamus species; retain an uncertain identification when diagnostic characters are missing." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unverified | provisional | confirmed against diagnostic evidence", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether observations and actions can safely be attributed to this species." }, { "name": "Cultivar or accession provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named cultivar or accession linked to supplier, collection or pedigree evidence; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Helps explain differences in spines, development and intended crop use." }, { "name": "Developmental stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "germination | seedling | rosette | stem elongation | branching | budding | flowering | achene filling | maturity | senescence", "why_it_matters": "Makes condition assessments and cultivation or harvest decisions stage-specific." }, { "name": "Leaf and bract spines", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "absent | sparse | conspicuous; scored separately for leaves and head bracts", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification, cultivar description and handling decisions." }, { "name": "Flower-head production", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "heads per plant, with sampled plant count and developmental stage", "why_it_matters": "Connects branching and reproductive development to potential flower or achene harvest." }, { "name": "Root-zone water condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "dry | adequate | saturated | waterlogged, with assessment method and depth", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of establishment, water stress and drainage problems." }, { "name": "Achene moisture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% water by mass, with wet- or dry-basis convention and sampling method", "why_it_matters": "Provides evidence for harvest readiness and transfer to postharvest handling." }, { "name": "Seed-oil composition evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Accession or crop lot linked to an assay or documented oleic/linoleic type; unverified permitted", "why_it_matters": "Prevents inferring oil composition from the species name or plant appearance." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a candidate safflower plant and request missing diagnostic observations.", "Track a plant or crop through rosette, branching, flowering and achene development.", "Assess whether water conditions and visible stresses justify closer inspection or cultivation changes.", "Compare accessions for spine expression, reproductive performance and documented intended use.", "Assess readiness for flower or achene harvest using stage and measured condition.", "Record cultivated, volunteer or escaped populations with provenance and local ecological context." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-diagnostic-boundaries", "name": "Identity and diagnostic boundaries", "description": "Establishes whether an observed organism belongs to Carthamus tinctorius and keeps related plants and commercial names distinct.", "rationale": "Safflower can be confused with other spiny composites, while its association with saffron substitutes can confuse organism and product identities.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxonomic-evidence", "name": "Taxonomic evidence", "description": "Connects the registry identity to botanical references and evidence for the observed plant.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-assignment", "name": "Species assignment", "description": "Record the identification basis, reference used and unresolved diagnostic characters.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which botanical reference supports identifying this plant as Carthamus tinctorius?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "species-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Which characters distinguish it from Carthamus species occurring in the observation region?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "species-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "visible-diagnostic-combination", "name": "Visible diagnostic combination", "description": "Records the combination of vegetative and reproductive characters needed for practical recognition.", "findings": [ { "id": "heads-leaves-and-fruits", "name": "Heads, leaves and fruits", "description": "Assess leaf arrangement, spine expression, head bracts, tubular florets and mature achenes together.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which diagnostic leaf, bract, floret and achene characters are visible at the current stage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "heads-leaves-and-fruits-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence describe a safflower plant, another thistle-like composite or a product sold under a saffron-related name?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "heads-leaves-and-fruits-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivated-variation-and-provenance", "name": "Cultivated variation and provenance", "description": "Captures variation within safflower without treating every crop form as a separate species.", "rationale": "Spines, architecture and intended flower or oilseed use affect interpretation and handling of a safflower crop.", "layers": [ { "id": "accession-history", "name": "Accession history", "description": "Links planting material to a traceable source and stated identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "planting-material-identity", "name": "Planting material identity", "description": "Record cultivar or accession labels separately from verified identity and observed traits.", "questions": [ { "text": "What cultivar, accession or seed-lot identity accompanies the planting material, and who supplied it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "planting-material-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Which claimed traits are supported by records or observations rather than by the cultivar label alone?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "planting-material-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "architecture-and-spines", "name": "Architecture and spines", "description": "Describes branching, head placement and spine expression within the identified material.", "findings": [ { "id": "handling-and-production-form", "name": "Handling and production form", "description": "Connect observed plant form to head accessibility, sampling and harvest handling.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many branches and flower heads occur per sampled plant, and how variable are they within the stand?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "handling-and-production-form-q01" }, { "text": "How do observed leaf and bract spines affect inspection or manual flower collection?", "kind": "action", "id": "handling-and-production-form-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "annual-development-and-reproduction", "name": "Annual development and reproduction", "description": "Tracks safflower development and the conversion of flower heads into mature achenes.", "rationale": "Rosette development, branching and flowering must be interpreted separately to judge crop progress and reproductive success.", "layers": [ { "id": "developmental-sequence", "name": "Developmental sequence", "description": "Records stage transitions and their timing under observed growing conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-and-uniformity", "name": "Stage and uniformity", "description": "Record developmental stage distributions rather than assigning one stage to every plant or head.", "questions": [ { "text": "When did emergence, stem elongation, first flowering and achene maturity occur?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stage-and-uniformity-q01" }, { "text": "How much stage variation exists between plants and between heads on the same plant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stage-and-uniformity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-and-achene-set", "name": "Flowering and achene set", "description": "Relates flowering observations to reproductive outcomes without assuming a fixed pollination contribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-outcome", "name": "Reproductive outcome", "description": "Record flowering duration, flower visitors and filled-achene production as separate observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What proportion of sampled heads produces filled achenes, and how many filled achenes occur per head?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-outcome-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes the contribution of self-pollination or visiting insects for this accession and setting?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproductive-outcome-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growing-conditions-and-crop-health", "name": "Growing conditions and crop health", "description": "Assesses establishment, root-zone conditions and stresses affecting safflower development.", "rationale": "General descriptions of safflower as a dryland crop cannot establish that a particular stand has adequate water or healthy roots.", "layers": [ { "id": "establishment-and-water", "name": "Establishment and water", "description": "Connects emergence and rooting observations to soil moisture and drainage.", "findings": [ { "id": "root-zone-suitability", "name": "Root-zone suitability", "description": "Record emergence, soil conditions and evidence of rooting restrictions before prescribing changes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What emergence rate and stand density resulted from the recorded sowing conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "root-zone-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "Do soil moisture, drainage and root observations support a water or soil-management intervention at this stage?", "kind": "action", "id": "root-zone-suitability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stress-diagnosis", "name": "Stress diagnosis", "description": "Separates symptoms on safflower organs from confirmed causes and locally justified responses.", "findings": [ { "id": "organ-specific-damage", "name": "Organ-specific damage", "description": "Record damage to roots, stems, leaves, heads or achenes, including distribution and diagnostic uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organs are affected, at what incidence and severity, and with what pattern across the stand?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "organ-specific-damage-q01" }, { "text": "What diagnostic evidence and local crop guidance support a response to the suspected cause?", "kind": "action", "id": "organ-specific-damage-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvest-purpose-and-population-context", "name": "Harvest purpose and population context", "description": "Connects safflower's flower and achene uses to harvest evidence and the status of plants in their surroundings.", "rationale": "Flower collection and oilseed production require different observations, while cultivated and escaped plants require different management contexts.", "layers": [ { "id": "flower-and-achene-endpoints", "name": "Flower and achene endpoints", "description": "Defines which biological material is sought and the evidence needed to assess its harvest condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "intended-harvest", "name": "Intended harvest", "description": "Distinguish flower harvest from achene harvest and link any composition claim to the relevant accession or lot.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are flowers, achenes or both intended for harvest, and what stage and quality criteria apply?", "kind": "definition", "id": "intended-harvest-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations or assays support harvest readiness and any claimed pigment or seed-oil traits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "intended-harvest-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivation-and-persistence", "name": "Cultivation and persistence", "description": "Records whether plants were deliberately sown, volunteered or established outside cultivation.", "findings": [ { "id": "population-status", "name": "Population status", "description": "Link population status to site history and evidence of recruitment rather than inferring it from a single occurrence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does site history establish deliberate cultivation, a volunteer crop or occurrence outside cultivation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "population-status-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence shows recruitment across seasons, and does local guidance call for monitoring or control?", "kind": "action", "id": "population-status-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cultivar groups listed overlap: spine characteristics and oil composition are separate traits.", "Plant height varies with cultivar and growing conditions; the range is descriptive rather than a diagnostic limit.", "This describes the species rather than an individual plant or derived product; taxonomic identifiers, cultivar-specific measurements and applicable product standards require verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Carthamus tinctorius this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "High-linoleic oil cultivars", "High-oleic oil cultivars", "Spiny cultivars", "Spineless cultivars" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Carthamus tinctorius this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Carthamus tinctorius L.", "note": "The species binomial with author abbreviation; L. denotes Linnaeus." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Carthamus tinctorius this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Production of edible safflower oil", "Production of red and yellow dyes from florets", "Use of seeds in bird feed", "Use of oil-extraction meal as livestock feed, subject to composition and processing", "Cultivation for ornamental and dried flowers" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Carthamus tinctorius this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature plant height", "typical_range": "Approximately 30-150", "unit": "cm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Carthamus tinctorius this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Waterlogging and poorly drained soils can cause root disease and crop loss.", "Alternaria leaf blight and other fungal diseases can reduce yield and seed quality.", "Spiny leaves and flower-head bracts can hinder manual handling.", "Rain or sustained humidity near maturity can impair seed quality.", "Safflower oil can become rancid through oxidation; susceptibility depends partly on fatty-acid composition and storage." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Carthamus tinctorius this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cultivation spans parts of Asia, the Mediterranean region, the Americas and Australia, with locally adapted cultivars and planting seasons.", "Production may emphasize oilseed, dye florets or ornamental flowers according to local markets." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Carthamus tinctorius this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Safflower oil", "difference": "The extracted seed oil is a product of the organism, not the plant species itself." }, { "name": "Crocus sativus", "difference": "Saffron is a different species in the iris family; its harvested stigmas differ botanically and chemically from safflower florets." }, { "name": "Helianthus annuus", "difference": "Sunflower is another oilseed species in Asteraceae, distinguished by its genus and characteristic large flower heads with conspicuous ray florets." }, { "name": "Carthamus", "difference": "The genus includes multiple species; Carthamus tinctorius denotes one species within it." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Carthamus tinctorius this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative taxonomic treatment and regional identification keys should anchor separation from the closest Carthamus lookalikes?", "Which cultivar-dependent differences in spine expression, flowering response and oil composition require explicit recording?", "What locally validated stage-specific water, temperature and drainage criteria support cultivation decisions?", "Which pests and diseases are consequential in the target growing region, and what diagnostic evidence distinguishes them from abiotic stress?", "What harvest criteria and effects of flower collection on subsequent achene production are established for the intended accession and use?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Carthamus tinctorius, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Carthamus tinctorius (safflower), assess a plant or crop's condition, and identify appropriate cultivation, conservation or harvest actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 81 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Carthamus tinctorius, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 81 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Carthamus tinctorius from another, and a Carthamus tinctorius from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Carthamus tinctorius sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Carthamus tinctorius from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Carthamus tinctorius is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Carthamus tinctorius and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Carthamus tinctorius is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Carthamus tinctorius is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Carthamus tinctorius is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Carthamus tinctorius moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Carthamus tinctorius passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Carthamus tinctorius between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Carthamus tinctorius, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Carthamus tinctorius is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Carthamus tinctorius is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Carthamus tinctorius, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Carthamus tinctorius from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Carthamus tinctorius from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Carthamus tinctorius does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Carthamus tinctorius pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Carthamus tinctorius judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Carthamus tinctorius lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Carthamus tinctorius, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Carthamus tinctorius hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Carthamus tinctorius came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Carthamus tinctorius and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Carthamus tinctorius is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Carthamus tinctorius, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Carthamus tinctorius, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Carthamus tinctorius is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }