{ "model": { "rank": 3891, "code": "thing-q156969", "model_id": "vr.tr.areca-catechu", "name": "Areca catechu", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Areca catechu, assess the condition and reproductive state of a living palm or population, and identify appropriate observation, cultivation, conservation or harvest actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q156969/", "tier": 2, "score": 80, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 80, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q156969", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156969", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:00:40Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 18.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0878a-1a2a-7cb1-ba8e-be40cf47baea\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Areca catechu\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 re", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0878a-1a20-7c63-97cb-c41de9d372a6\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Areca catechu\nRegistry id: vr.tr.areca-catechu\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q156969", "registryId": "vr.tr.areca-catechu", "name": "Areca catechu", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q156969/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.areca-catechu", "name": "Areca catechu", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Areca catechu, assess the condition and reproductive state of a living palm or population, and identify appropriate observation, cultivation, conservation or harvest actions.", "definition": "Areca catechu L. is a species of single-stemmed tropical palm in the family Arecaceae, widely cultivated for its seeds, commonly called areca nuts or betel nuts, which are chewed in stimulant preparations.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the biological identity and observable life processes of Areca catechu at species, population and individual-palm levels, including attached reproductive structures and cultivation context; harvested commodities and preparations belong to related models.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification, identification evidence and uncertainty", "Roots, trunk, crown, leaves, flowers and attached fruits", "Life stage, growth, flowering, fruit development and recruitment", "Growing conditions, cultivation history and plant health", "Population provenance, establishment status and links to harvest events" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other Areca species and palms sold under ambiguous common names", "Detached areca nuts as traded, stored or processed commodities", "Betel vine, Piper betle, and its leaves", "Betel quid formulations and consumption practices", "Isolated chemical substances, clinical outcomes and medical treatment", "Plantation businesses, land ownership and commodity markets" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Resolve the scientific name Areca catechu against identification evidence; the common names 'areca palm' and 'betel palm' alone do not establish species identity.", "Check the combination of an upright, ring-scarred trunk, a crownshaft and pinnate leaves; these support identification as a candidate palm but are not sufficient alone to distinguish related species.", "Use reproductive evidence, including inflorescence position and flower and fruit characters, with a botanical key to separate Areca catechu from similar palms.", "Distinguish the palm from Piper betle: the latter is a climbing vine whose leaves may be associated with use of the palm's seed.", "Distinguish the living organism and its attached fruits from a detached seed or processed product labelled 'betel nut'; product labelling does not establish the identity of an observed palm." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | provisional | expert-supported | voucher-supported", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a common-name identification from being treated as a confirmed species record." }, { "name": "Biological record level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "individual palm | sampled population | species reference", "why_it_matters": "Separates measurements of one palm from population summaries and species-level expectations." }, { "name": "Provenance and establishment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "seed source, accession or parent record; planted | spontaneous | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Supports traceability and separates cultivation history from claims about native occurrence." }, { "name": "Trunk dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "height in m; diameter in cm at a recorded measurement height", "why_it_matters": "Provides comparable growth observations without treating trunk dimensions as a direct measure of age." }, { "name": "Crown condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "live frond count; crown symmetry; observed chlorosis, necrosis or crown damage", "why_it_matters": "Supports repeated assessment of the palm's growing crown and foliage." }, { "name": "Reproductive state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "no reproductive structures observed | developing inflorescences | flowering | developing fruits | mature fruits; states may overlap", "why_it_matters": "Determines which identification, pollination, seed collection and harvest observations are possible." }, { "name": "Fruit development", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "fruit length and width in mm; colour category; count per sampled infructescence; observation date", "why_it_matters": "Documents fruit development while allowing maturity criteria to be checked for the local planting material." }, { "name": "Root-zone environment", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "soil pH; moisture with method and unit; duration of standing water in hours or days", "why_it_matters": "Connects growth and stress observations to measured growing conditions." }, { "name": "Health assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "no symptoms observed | symptomatic, cause unresolved | diagnosed; affected organ and evidence required", "why_it_matters": "Keeps visible symptoms separate from an attributed pest, pathogen or environmental cause." } ], "affordances": [ "Create a provisional identification and request targeted photographs, reproductive material or expert verification.", "Track the same palm's crown, trunk and reproductive structures through dated observations.", "Assess site suitability and propose cultivation adjustments supported by local evidence.", "Flag crown, root or fruit symptoms for diagnosis and follow-up inspection.", "Evaluate seed collection or harvest readiness using an explicit maturity criterion and recorded purpose.", "Link a palm or population to seed provenance, recruitment observations and harvest records." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-biological-boundary", "name": "Identity and biological boundary", "description": "Establish which organism is being represented and how confidently it is identified.", "rationale": "Common names can conflate this species with other palms, betel vine and detached nut products.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxonomic-identification", "name": "Taxonomic identification", "description": "Connect the species determination to diagnostic evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-species-determination", "name": "Supported species determination", "description": "Record the botanical determination, its authority and the characters actually examined.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which botanical reference and observed vegetative or reproductive characters support identification as Areca catechu?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-species-determination-q01" }, { "text": "Who made the determination, when, and is a voucher or diagnostic image set available?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-species-determination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "organism-and-product-boundaries", "name": "Organism and product boundaries", "description": "Separate the palm, its organs and associated plants or products.", "findings": [ { "id": "referent-and-organ-status", "name": "Referent and organ status", "description": "Identify whether the observation concerns a living palm, a population or material that belongs in a linked product record.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record represent an individual palm, a population, an attached fruit or detached material?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "referent-and-organ-status-q01" }, { "text": "Does a 'betel' label refer to this palm, Piper betle leaves or a prepared mixture?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "referent-and-organ-status-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "palm-structure-and-development", "name": "Palm structure and development", "description": "Represent growth through the trunk, crownshaft, fronds and growing crown.", "rationale": "Palm condition requires observations of crown development and organ damage, rather than generic woody-plant measurements alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "trunk-and-leaf-architecture", "name": "Trunk and leaf architecture", "description": "Capture comparable observations of the palm's visible structure.", "findings": [ { "id": "structural-observation", "name": "Structural observation", "description": "Record trunk dimensions, leaf arrangement and crownshaft characters with measurement methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the trunk height and diameter, and at what reference points were they measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "structural-observation-q01" }, { "text": "Which crownshaft and pinnate-leaf characters are visible, and which remain obscured or undocumented?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "structural-observation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "crown-growth-and-life-stage", "name": "Crown growth and life stage", "description": "Track leaf emergence and developmental stage without inferring age from size alone.", "findings": [ { "id": "developmental-trajectory", "name": "Developmental trajectory", "description": "Use dated crown observations and planting history to assess development.", "questions": [ { "text": "What planting or germination record supports the stated age and life stage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "developmental-trajectory-q01" }, { "text": "How have live frond count, emerging spear condition and leaf production changed between observations?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "developmental-trajectory-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-fruiting-and-regeneration", "name": "Flowering, fruiting and regeneration", "description": "Follow reproductive structures from flowering through fruit development and seedling establishment.", "rationale": "The palm's identification, propagation and harvest decisions depend on distinct reproductive stages.", "layers": [ { "id": "flowering-and-fruit-development", "name": "Flowering and fruit development", "description": "Document reproductive timing, flower observations and fruit progression.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-sequence", "name": "Reproductive sequence", "description": "Track individual inflorescences or infructescences instead of assigning one reproductive state to the entire palm.", "questions": [ { "text": "When were flower opening, fruit set and subsequent fruit development observed on each tracked structure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-sequence-q01" }, { "text": "Which measured or visible criteria distinguish developing from mature fruit in this population?", "kind": "definition", "id": "reproductive-sequence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "seed-origin-and-establishment", "name": "Seed origin and establishment", "description": "Connect collected reproductive material to parent palms and resulting seedlings.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-regeneration", "name": "Traceable regeneration", "description": "Retain parentage, handling and establishment evidence for propagation or spontaneous recruitment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which parent palm or source population supplied the seed, and what collection and handling history is recorded?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-regeneration-q01" }, { "text": "What germination proportion and seedling survival were observed over a stated interval and under recorded conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "traceable-regeneration-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growing-environment-and-health", "name": "Growing environment and health", "description": "Relate palm condition to its site, management and diagnostic evidence.", "rationale": "Similar crown or fruit symptoms can require different responses depending on root conditions, exposure and confirmed causes.", "layers": [ { "id": "site-and-cultivation", "name": "Site and cultivation", "description": "Record the environmental conditions and interventions experienced by the palm.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-growing-conditions", "name": "Documented growing conditions", "description": "Connect exposure and root-zone observations to irrigation, drainage and nutrient management.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature exposure, light conditions, soil moisture and drainage conditions were measured at this site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "documented-growing-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Which irrigation, fertilisation or ground-management interventions preceded the observed growth or symptoms?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-growing-conditions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "organ-specific-health", "name": "Organ-specific health", "description": "Separate crown, trunk, root and reproductive symptoms from their proposed causes.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnosis-and-response", "name": "Diagnosis and response", "description": "Require supporting evidence before translating a symptom into a treatment decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organs are affected, how quickly are symptoms progressing, and what examination or laboratory evidence supports the diagnosis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "diagnosis-and-response-q01" }, { "text": "What further inspection or locally supported intervention is justified by the current diagnosis?", "kind": "action", "id": "diagnosis-and-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-context-and-harvest", "name": "Population context and harvest", "description": "Connect individual palms to establishment history, population persistence and removal of reproductive material.", "rationale": "A cultivated occurrence does not establish native status, and fruit removal affects both production records and opportunities for regeneration.", "layers": [ { "id": "occurrence-and-establishment-history", "name": "Occurrence and establishment history", "description": "Distinguish planted palms, spontaneous recruits and unresolved occurrences.", "findings": [ { "id": "population-status-evidence", "name": "Population status evidence", "description": "Keep observed establishment separate from broader biogeographic interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence shows whether these palms were planted or established without planting?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "population-status-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which regional botanical authority supports any claim that the population is native, introduced or naturalised?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "population-status-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvest-and-material-transfer", "name": "Harvest and material transfer", "description": "Record fruit removal and the transition from attached organs to separately managed material.", "findings": [ { "id": "harvest-purpose-and-traceability", "name": "Harvest purpose and traceability", "description": "Connect harvest purpose, maturity assessment and quantity to a downstream seed or commodity record without treating maturity as evidence of consumption safety.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is collection intended for propagation, botanical study or commodity production, and what maturity criterion serves that purpose?", "kind": "action", "id": "harvest-purpose-and-traceability-q01" }, { "text": "Which palm supplied the removed fruits, what quantity was taken, and which material record receives them after detachment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "harvest-purpose-and-traceability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the botanical species, not an individual palm, its seed commodity or a chewing preparation.", "Dimensions are approximate and vary with growing conditions, age and cultivar.", "Cultivar distinctions, precise native distribution and jurisdiction-specific product restrictions need verification; no sources were consulted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Areca catechu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants", "value_or_pattern": "Areca catechu L.", "note": "The species belongs to the genus Areca in the palm family Arecaceae; L. identifies Linnaeus as the naming authority." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Areca catechu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Seeds are consumed in betel quid and other chewing preparations, sometimes with tobacco.", "Fruits and seeds are used in ceremonial offerings and social exchanges.", "The palm is planted as an ornamental in tropical landscapes.", "Fallen leaf sheaths are moulded into disposable plates and bowls." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Areca catechu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature palm height", "typical_range": "10-30", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Trunk diameter", "typical_range": "10-20", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Fruit length", "typical_range": "3-5", "unit": "cm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Areca catechu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Areca nut consumption is carcinogenic to humans, including when consumed without tobacco.", "Habitual chewing is associated with oral submucous fibrosis and dependence.", "The palm is sensitive to frost and prolonged cold.", "Fruit rot and bud rot can damage crops." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Areca catechu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cultivation is widespread in South and Southeast Asia and parts of the Pacific.", "Preparation varies regionally: seeds may be used fresh, dried or processed, with differing combinations of betel leaf, lime and tobacco.", "Long cultivation and human dispersal complicate identification of the original native range." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Areca catechu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Areca nut", "difference": "The harvested seed and associated commodity, rather than the palm species that produces it." }, { "name": "Piper betle", "difference": "A climbing plant in the pepper family whose leaves wrap some chewing preparations; it does not produce areca nuts." }, { "name": "Betel quid", "difference": "A prepared chewing mixture that may contain areca nut, betel leaf, lime and other ingredients, rather than a plant species." }, { "name": "Areca", "difference": "The genus containing Areca catechu and other species." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Areca catechu this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative botanical key provides the most reliable distinction from related Areca species, particularly for juvenile or non-flowering specimens?", "What evidence resolves the species' native range, and how should long-established cultivated or naturalised populations be represented where origins remain disputed?", "Which temperature, moisture, drainage and nutrient thresholds are supported for the locality and planting material being modelled?", "Which fruit maturity, seed handling and germination criteria are validated for local propagation and harvest purposes?", "Which locally important pests and diseases have validated diagnostic criteria and management guidance applicable to Areca catechu?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Areca catechu, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Areca catechu, assess the condition and reproductive state of a living palm or population, and identify appropriate observation, cultivation, conservation or harvest actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Areca catechu, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Areca catechu from another, and a Areca catechu from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Areca catechu sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Areca catechu from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Areca catechu is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Areca catechu and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Areca catechu is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Areca catechu is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Areca catechu is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Areca catechu moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Areca catechu passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Areca catechu between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Areca catechu, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Areca catechu is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Areca catechu is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Areca catechu, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Areca catechu from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Areca catechu from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Areca catechu does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Areca catechu pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Areca catechu judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Areca catechu lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Areca catechu, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Areca catechu hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Areca catechu came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Areca catechu and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Areca catechu is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Areca catechu, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Areca catechu, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Areca catechu is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }