{ "model": { "rank": 5077, "code": "thing-q157307", "model_id": "vr.tr.morus-alba", "name": "Morus alba", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Morus alba, distinguish species-level claims from observations of particular trees or populations, and make evidence-based cultivation, monitoring and management decisions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q157307/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 70, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q157307", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157307", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:37:26Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08819-861f-7503-9644-90f2d79d09f6\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Morus alba\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 77.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08819-8617-7502-9d68-ebf145978d5d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Morus alba\nRegistry id: vr.tr.morus-alba\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q157307", "registryId": "vr.tr.morus-alba", "name": "Morus alba", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q157307/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.morus-alba", "name": "Morus alba", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Morus alba, distinguish species-level claims from observations of particular trees or populations, and make evidence-based cultivation, monitoring and management decisions.", "definition": "Morus alba L. (1753), commonly called white mulberry, is a deciduous tree species in the family Moraceae, native to China and widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere, notably as a source of leaves for silkworm rearing.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the biological identity and species-specific assessment requirements of Morus alba under registry entry vr.tr.morus-alba, in PHY / PHY.LIV, including links to individual trees, populations and cultivated selections.", "in_scope": [ "Accepted taxonomic identity, authority, external identifiers and identification evidence", "Morphological variation and boundaries with other mulberries and suspected hybrids", "Life stages, reproductive expression, seasonal development and tree condition", "Native versus introduced occurrence, habitat and local population establishment", "Cultivation purposes, ecological effects and geographically qualified management decisions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other Morus species and hybrids as independently defined taxa", "Silkworm biology and the complete silk-production process", "Harvested mulberry fruit, leaf products, timber and extracts as commodities", "Medical efficacy or dosing of mulberry preparations", "General orchard operations, land ownership and regional ecosystem models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Resolve the full botanical name: Morus alba L., published in 1753, is an accepted species in Moraceae; a common name or an unqualified nursery label is insufficient. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30051955-2)", "Examine pistillate flowers where available: the Flora of China treatment describes an absent style and divergent, papillose stigma branches; compare these against the applicable Morus key. [Flora of China](https://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006379)", "Do not reject an identification because ripe fruit is dark: the Flora of China treatment includes blackish-purple mature fruit in M. alba var. alba. [Flora of China](https://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200006379)", "Compare multiple leaves and reproductive structures with a regional key for M. rubra, M. nigra and other local lookalikes; record conflicting characters as unresolved identification or suspected hybrid ancestry rather than forcing a species assignment." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic concept and authority", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Morus alba L.; Moraceae; selected taxonomic reference and version", "why_it_matters": "Keeps observations attached to a defined species concept when references differ in synonym or infraspecific treatment." }, { "name": "External taxonomic identifiers", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "NCBI Taxonomy: 3498; GBIF identifier pending direct verification", "why_it_matters": "Supports record matching without treating molecular-database classification as nomenclatural authority. [NCBI Taxonomy](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=3498)" }, { "name": "Observation subject", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Species concept; population; individual tree; specimen; cultivated clone", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a tree's condition or a plantation's abundance from becoming a species-wide claim." }, { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Confirmed; provisional; unresolved; suspected hybrid, with evidence and determiner", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether an agent can proceed with species-specific management." }, { "name": "Leaf and reproductive characters", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Leaf lobing, surface texture and hair distribution; style and stigma characters; mature fruit appearance", "why_it_matters": "Provides a repeatable comparison with botanical keys while preserving variation among shoots and developmental stages." }, { "name": "Development and reproductive expression", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Seedling; juvenile; reproductive adult; senescent; observed staminate, pistillate, mixed or undetermined flowering", "why_it_matters": "Separates maturity and observed flower expression from unsupported assumptions about sex or fruitlessness." }, { "name": "Tree dimensions and condition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Height and crown spread in m; stem diameter in cm with measurement position; crown dieback in percent", "why_it_matters": "Supports longitudinal assessment of a particular tree, including the effects of pruning or harvesting." }, { "name": "Occurrence origin and establishment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Native; planted introduction; escaped; naturalized; uncertain, qualified by place and evidence", "why_it_matters": "Separates presence from self-sustaining establishment and from demonstrated ecological impact." }, { "name": "Conservation and management assessments", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Assessment authority, category, assessment year, geographical scope and applicable local rules", "why_it_matters": "Keeps species conservation status distinct from local invasion assessments and permissions." } ], "affordances": [ "Guide collection of leaf, flower, fruit and provenance evidence for identification.", "Link a tree or population observation to the species while retaining cultivar and uncertainty annotations.", "Schedule repeat observations of flowering, fruiting, recruitment and condition.", "Assess a proposed planting or leaf-harvest use against site conditions, plant identity and local constraints.", "Prioritize expert review where lookalikes or suspected hybrids make intervention uncertain.", "Compare retention, cultivation, containment or removal options using local evidence and follow-up observations." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "taxonomic-identity", "name": "Taxonomic identity", "description": "Anchor the registry entry to a named botanical concept and distinguish that concept from its observed instances.", "rationale": "Mulberry names, cultivated selections and database mappings must resolve to a defensible species boundary.", "layers": [ { "id": "name-and-reference", "name": "Name and reference", "description": "Establish the accepted name and the references governing its interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-name-and-identifiers", "name": "Accepted name and identifiers", "description": "Record authority, original publication, reference version and verified identifier mappings.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic reference defines Morus alba L. for this model, including its treatment of synonyms and varieties?", "kind": "definition", "id": "accepted-name-and-identifiers-q01" }, { "text": "Which directly inspected GBIF and NCBI records correspond to that concept, and when were the mappings checked?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accepted-name-and-identifiers-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "species-and-instances", "name": "Species and instances", "description": "Separate the species from populations, trees, vouchers and cultivated selections.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-and-cultivar-boundary", "name": "Subject and cultivar boundary", "description": "Attach each observation to its actual subject and retain cultivar or propagation history without creating an unsupported registry split.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this claim concern the whole species, a local population, an individual tree or a cultivated clone?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "subject-and-cultivar-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "What voucher, accession or nursery record supports the tree's identification and any cultivar label?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "subject-and-cultivar-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mulberry-identification", "name": "Mulberry identification", "description": "Specify the evidence needed to distinguish M. alba from other mulberries despite variable appearance.", "rationale": "Common names, leaf outlines and fruit colour alone can leave consequential identification uncertainty.", "layers": [ { "id": "observable-characters", "name": "Observable characters", "description": "Collect comparable vegetative and reproductive observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "character-combination", "name": "Character combination", "description": "Evaluate a combination of leaf surfaces, hair distribution, flowers and mature fruit against an appropriate botanical key.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaf and floral characters separate this specimen from the Morus species present in the region?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "character-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Were several shoots and developmental stages examined, and was fruit maturity recorded before using colour as evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "character-combination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lookalikes-and-hybrids", "name": "Lookalikes and hybrids", "description": "Handle ambiguous specimens and possible mixed ancestry explicitly.", "findings": [ { "id": "ambiguous-assignment", "name": "Ambiguous assignment", "description": "Set the evidence threshold for accepting M. alba or referring the specimen for specialist determination.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do observed characters support M. alba consistently, or leave M. rubra, M. nigra or hybrid ancestry unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "ambiguous-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "What additional voucher material, expert examination or validated genetic evidence is needed before species-specific intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "ambiguous-assignment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-condition", "name": "Development and condition", "description": "Assess the developmental, reproductive and physical state of an observed mulberry tree.", "rationale": "A tree's age, seasonal state and management history affect what its foliage, flowers and fruit can establish.", "layers": [ { "id": "life-stage-and-flowering", "name": "Life stage and flowering", "description": "Distinguish maturity, seasonal events and observed reproductive expression.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-observation", "name": "Reproductive observation", "description": "Record flower types and fruit set across dated observations; do not infer a permanent reproductive category from one fruitless visit.", "questions": [ { "text": "What life stage and flowering expression were observed, on which branches and dates?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-observation-q01" }, { "text": "Does missing fruit reflect the observation season, immaturity, documented cultivar traits or an unresolved cause?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reproductive-observation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "growth-and-damage", "name": "Growth and damage", "description": "Interpret tree condition alongside pruning, leaf collection and site history.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-with-management-history", "name": "Condition with management history", "description": "Track crown development, stem condition and symptoms without equating managed form with poor health.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have crown dimensions, shoot growth and dieback changed since the previous observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-with-management-history-q01" }, { "text": "What pruning, leaf harvesting or site disturbance could explain the observed condition, and what follow-up is justified?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-with-management-history-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-establishment", "name": "Range and establishment", "description": "Place occurrences within a sourced biogeographic and local establishment context.", "rationale": "A cultivated tree, a reproducing introduced population and a native population require different interpretations.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin-and-habitat", "name": "Origin and habitat", "description": "Qualify geographical origin and describe the actual growing site.", "findings": [ { "id": "native-range-and-occurrence-origin", "name": "Native range and occurrence origin", "description": "Use Central China as the current POWO native-range baseline, while retaining source disagreements and local introduction evidence. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30051955-2)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference supports the native or introduced classification at this location?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "native-range-and-occurrence-origin-q01" }, { "text": "What habitat, soil moisture, light exposure and cultivation history characterize the observed site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "native-range-and-occurrence-origin-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "recruitment-and-spread", "name": "Recruitment and spread", "description": "Distinguish planted persistence from reproduction and expansion outside cultivation.", "findings": [ { "id": "self-sustaining-population", "name": "Self-sustaining population", "description": "Require evidence of recruitment and persistence before assigning local establishment or spread.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are unplanted seedlings surviving into later stages beyond the maintained planting area?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "self-sustaining-population-q01" }, { "text": "What observations distinguish new recruitment from deliberate planting or vegetative regrowth?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "self-sustaining-population-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-stewardship", "name": "Use and stewardship", "description": "Connect the tree's intended use with conservation evidence, local effects and justified interventions.", "rationale": "Cultivation value and ecological acceptability depend on plant identity, location and management objectives.", "layers": [ { "id": "cultivation-purpose", "name": "Cultivation purpose", "description": "Assess the living tree's suitability for a stated use without transferring claims to downstream products.", "findings": [ { "id": "purpose-specific-management", "name": "Purpose-specific management", "description": "Distinguish leaf production for silkworm feeding, fruit production and ornamental objectives when assessing a planting.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this tree managed for leaves, fruit or amenity, and what evidence supports the selection's suitability?", "kind": "definition", "id": "purpose-specific-management-q01" }, { "text": "Which propagation, pruning or harvesting actions fit that objective and the observed tree condition?", "kind": "action", "id": "purpose-specific-management-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conservation-and-local-effects", "name": "Conservation and local effects", "description": "Keep global conservation assessment, local ecological effects and legal constraints separate.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-for-intervention", "name": "Evidence for intervention", "description": "Require dated assessments and site evidence before recommending retention, planting, containment or removal.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the directly verified IUCN category and assessment year, and which separate local assessments or restrictions apply?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-for-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence of spread, effects on neighbouring vegetation or interactions with native mulberries supports the proposed action and its monitoring plan?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-for-intervention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recall-based information; no sources were consulted.", "Verify exact GBIF and NCBI identifiers, current taxonomic treatment, and any IUCN assessment category and year.", "Cultivar groups here describe horticultural uses, not formal botanical varieties; identification and native-range boundaries need specialist checking." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Morus alba this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cultivars selected for silkworm leaf production", "Cultivars selected for edible fruit", "Weeping ornamental cultivars", "Fruitless ornamental selections" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Morus alba this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Morus alba L.", "note": "L. denotes Linnaeus; the name was published in 1753." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxon identifier", "note": "The exact identifier and accepted-name treatment require verification." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy ID", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxon identifier", "note": "The exact identifier requires verification." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Morus alba this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, maintained through the International Botanical Congress nomenclature process, governs the scientific name." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Morus alba this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Leaves feed domesticated silkworms, Bombyx mori, in silk production.", "Ripe fruits are eaten fresh or processed into preserves and other foods.", "Cultivars are planted as ornamental and shade trees.", "Leaves are used as livestock fodder in some production systems.", "Wood is used for small timber products and fuel." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Morus alba this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature tree height", "typical_range": "Approximately 10-20, with substantial variation by cultivar, site and pruning", "unit": "m" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Morus alba this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Can spread beyond cultivation and become invasive in some introduced regions.", "Hybridization with Morus rubra can threaten the genetic integrity of native red mulberry populations in North America.", "Pollen from male flowers can cause respiratory allergies.", "Fallen fruit can stain surfaces and create slippery conditions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Morus alba this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Native to China; long cultivation and human transport complicate precise reconstruction of its original range.", "Cultivation in Asian sericulture systems often emphasizes repeated leaf harvesting and pruning.", "In North America it is introduced, and ecological concerns include spread and hybridization with native red mulberry." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Morus alba this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Morus nigra", "difference": "Black mulberry is a separate species; ripe fruit color alone does not distinguish it because Morus alba can also bear dark fruit." }, { "name": "Morus rubra", "difference": "Red mulberry is a distinct North American species, generally with rougher upper leaf surfaces and more densely hairy undersides; hybrids can make identification difficult." }, { "name": "Bombyx mori", "difference": "The domesticated silkworm is an insect that feeds on mulberry leaves, not a mulberry taxon." }, { "name": "White mulberry population", "difference": "A population comprises individuals occurring in a particular area; Morus alba denotes the species across its populations." }, { "name": "Mulberry fruit", "difference": "The harvested multiple fruit is a plant product and may come from several Morus species; it is not the species itself." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Morus alba this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which current GBIF identifier and taxonomic treatment should be bound to vr.tr.morus-alba, and do they match the selected POWO concept?", "What is the directly verified IUCN Red List category, assessment year and assessment scope for Morus alba?", "How should differing native-range accounts be reconciled where long cultivation histories obscure origin?", "Which regional diagnostic characters and validated genetic methods reliably distinguish M. alba from relevant lookalikes and hybrids?", "What evidence establishes reproductive behaviour, cultivation suitability and ecological effects for the particular selections and regions being modelled?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Morus alba, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Morus alba, distinguish species-level claims from observations of particular trees or populations, and make evidence-based cultivation, monitoring and management decisions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Morus alba, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Morus alba from another, and a Morus alba from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Morus alba sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Morus alba from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Morus alba is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Morus alba and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Morus alba is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Morus alba is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Morus alba is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Morus alba moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Morus alba passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Morus alba between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Morus alba, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Morus alba is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Morus alba is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Morus alba, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Morus alba from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Morus alba from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Morus alba does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Morus alba pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Morus alba judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Morus alba lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Morus alba, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Morus alba hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Morus alba came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Morus alba and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Morus alba is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Morus alba, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Morus alba, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Morus alba is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }