{ "model": { "rank": 5499, "code": "thing-q15779", "model_id": "vr.tr.toluene", "name": "toluene", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise toluene, assess a specific sample or inventory lot, and determine which uses and handling decisions its identity, quality, condition and documented constraints support.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q15779/", "tier": 2, "score": 67, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Benzene-13C6, methyl-", "Methyl-13C-benzene", "Toluene-4-13C", "1-(¹³C)Methyl(¹³C₆)benzene" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 67, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.toluene", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q15779", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15779", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:30:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0884a-0822-7d33-ac7d-acfb9edee7ce\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: toluene\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 66.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0884a-082c-7e21-b5c7-e30ce38608d4\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: toluene\nRegistry id: vr.tr.toluene\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q15779", "registryId": "vr.tr.toluene", "name": "toluene", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q15779/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.toluene", "name": "toluene", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise toluene, assess a specific sample or inventory lot, and determine which uses and handling decisions its identity, quality, condition and documented constraints support.", "definition": "Toluene is the aromatic hydrocarbon C7H8, consisting of a benzene ring bearing one methyl group, and is a volatile, flammable, colourless liquid under ordinary ambient conditions.", "scope_statement": "This model owns toluene as the chemical substance methylbenzene and the identity, composition, grade, physical condition and applicable constraints of material represented as toluene under registry entry vr.tr.toluene in PHY / PHY.MAT.", "in_scope": [ "Molecular and regulatory identity of toluene", "Purity, impurities, water content and declared commercial or analytical grade", "Phase and physical properties with measurement conditions", "Documented health, fire and environmental hazards and applicable exposure constraints", "Lot provenance, storage condition and suitability for a proposed use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Gasoline, paints, adhesives and other formulated products containing toluene", "Benzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and other distinct aromatic substances", "Industrial processes that manufacture or chemically convert toluene", "Equipment and facility models for storage, ventilation or solvent recovery", "Clinical diagnosis and treatment of exposure", "Transport operations and waste-management services" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Toluene has molecular formula C7H8 and a benzene ring bearing one methyl group; formula alone does not establish its molecular structure.", "Benzene has no methyl substituent, whereas ethylbenzene has an ethyl substituent and xylenes have two methyl substituents.", "A product containing toluene is not automatically a toluene substance lot; its declared identity and measured composition must support that boundary.", "A solvent trade name, appearance or odour cannot establish toluene identity; analytical evidence and substance identifiers must agree." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Substance identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Preferred name, synonyms, C7H8 molecular formula, structural identifier, verified CAS number, EC number and PubChem CID", "why_it_matters": "Connects methylbenzene naming to a single substance identity and prevents confusion with related aromatic solvents." }, { "name": "Toluene assay", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass %, mole % or chromatographic area %, with method and reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Determines how much toluene is present without treating unlike purity measures as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named impurities in mg/kg or mass %, with detection and quantification limits", "why_it_matters": "Benzene, other aromatic hydrocarbons and nonvolatile residues can change suitability and risk assessment." }, { "name": "Water content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/kg or mass %, with analytical method and sampling date", "why_it_matters": "Tests whether dry or anhydrous claims support a moisture-sensitive application." }, { "name": "Declared grade", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Supplier grade and governing specification, including technical, reagent, analytical or anhydrous claims", "why_it_matters": "Grade labels require explicit acceptance criteria rather than assumed equivalence across suppliers." }, { "name": "Physical condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed phase, temperature in °C or K, pressure in kPa, visible contamination and phase separation", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes expected behaviour from contamination or an unsuitable operating condition." }, { "name": "Thermophysical properties", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Melting and boiling points in °C, density in kg/m³ and vapour pressure in kPa, with conditions and sources", "why_it_matters": "Supports phase, volume and evaporation assessments without treating condition-dependent values as universal constants." }, { "name": "Flammability properties", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Flash point in °C with test method; flammable limits in volume % with test conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supplies evidence for evaluating ignition and vapour accumulation scenarios." }, { "name": "Applicable hazard classification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "GHS implementation, hazard classes and categories, statements, jurisdiction, source and revision date", "why_it_matters": "Keeps classification tied to the applicable authority and supplied material." }, { "name": "Exposure constraints", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "ppm or mg/m³, averaging period, ceiling or short-term designation, notation, authority and effective date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from applying an exposure value outside its jurisdiction or measurement basis." }, { "name": "Lot evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Supplier, lot identifier, certificate of analysis, safety data sheet and sampling records", "why_it_matters": "Links general substance knowledge to the actual material being assessed." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve names and verified identifiers to the toluene registry entry.", "Compare a lot's measured composition against the requirements of a proposed solvent use.", "Request identity, impurity or water testing when available evidence is insufficient.", "Assess physical-property data at the intended temperature and pressure.", "Identify handling or transfer prerequisites from applicable safety documentation and local conditions.", "Flag contaminated or recovered material for reassessment before reuse." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "toluene-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Toluene identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes methylbenzene identity and distinguishes the substance from related compounds and formulated products.", "rationale": "An agent must know whether a record concerns toluene itself before applying its properties or constraints.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-and-registry-identity", "name": "Molecular and registry identity", "description": "Connects chemical structure, names and authoritative substance identifiers.", "findings": [ { "id": "methylbenzene-identity-evidence", "name": "Methylbenzene identity evidence", "description": "Record evidence that the material identity is a benzene ring with one methyl substituent and reconcile external identifiers with vr.tr.toluene.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which verified CAS, EC and PubChem records identify methylbenzene, and do their structures agree?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "methylbenzene-identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What analytical or documentary evidence distinguishes this material from benzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes or an unspecified aromatic solvent?", "kind": "definition", "id": "methylbenzene-identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "substance-versus-formulation", "name": "Substance versus formulation", "description": "Defines when a material is represented as toluene and when it belongs to a mixture or product model.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-material-boundary", "name": "Declared material boundary", "description": "Capture the declared substance or mixture identity together with composition evidence; do not infer identity solely from toluene being present.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the record a toluene substance lot with specified impurities, or a formulated product containing toluene?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "declared-material-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which composition specification and supplier declaration justify that distinction for this material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "declared-material-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "purity-grade-and-use-fitness", "name": "Purity, grade and use fitness", "description": "Relates measured toluene composition to explicit application requirements.", "rationale": "A purity percentage or grade name alone cannot establish suitability for analytical or moisture-sensitive work.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-and-aromatic-impurities", "name": "Assay and aromatic impurities", "description": "Records the assay basis and impurity evidence relevant to a toluene lot.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-with-method", "name": "Composition with method", "description": "Keep toluene assay, benzene and other aromatic impurities linked to analytical methods, reporting bases and limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the reported toluene purity a mass fraction, mole fraction or chromatographic area fraction, and what method produced it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-with-method-q01" }, { "text": "What concentrations or reporting limits are available for benzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and other specified impurities?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-with-method-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "water-residue-and-grade", "name": "Water, residue and grade", "description": "Tests grade claims against water, residue and other application-specific limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "grade-acceptance-evidence", "name": "Grade acceptance evidence", "description": "Represent anhydrous and analytical-grade claims through a named specification and current lot evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured water content and nonvolatile residue support the declared grade, and when was the material sampled?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "grade-acceptance-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which limits must this lot meet for the proposed use, and does its certificate or subsequent testing establish compliance?", "kind": "action", "id": "grade-acceptance-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "phase-and-solvent-behaviour", "name": "Phase and solvent behaviour", "description": "Describes toluene's physical condition and behaviour under specified conditions.", "rationale": "Storage, measurement and solvent-use decisions depend on temperature, pressure and the surrounding material system.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-and-volatility", "name": "Phase and volatility", "description": "Connects observed phase with sourced transition, density and vapour-pressure data.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-physical-properties", "name": "Conditioned physical properties", "description": "Record physical-property values with units, conditions, methods and applicability to pure toluene or the actual lot.", "questions": [ { "text": "What phase, temperature and pressure describe the material now and during the proposed operation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-physical-properties-q01" }, { "text": "Which sourced melting point, pressure-specific boiling point, density and vapour-pressure data apply to those conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conditioned-physical-properties-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "solvent-and-phase-interactions", "name": "Solvent and phase interactions", "description": "Records application-specific dissolution and liquid-phase behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "mixture-behaviour-evidence", "name": "Mixture behaviour evidence", "description": "Require evidence for the intended solute and co-solvent system rather than treating toluene as a universally interchangeable solvent.", "questions": [ { "text": "What solubility or miscibility evidence exists for the intended solute, water content and co-solvents at the working temperature?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mixture-behaviour-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Would observed phase separation or dissolved contamination require a mixture model or a revised suitability assessment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "mixture-behaviour-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazards-and-applicable-controls", "name": "Hazards and applicable controls", "description": "Connects documented toluene hazards to the jurisdiction and exposure or operation being evaluated.", "rationale": "An agent needs traceable hazard evidence and applicable constraints before recommending an action.", "layers": [ { "id": "health-and-exposure-evidence", "name": "Health and exposure evidence", "description": "Records authoritative health classifications and exposure criteria without inventing universal limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "jurisdiction-specific-health-constraints", "name": "Jurisdiction-specific health constraints", "description": "Capture applicable classifications, exposure routes and limits with authority, averaging period and revision date.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current authoritative records establish the applicable health classifications for this toluene material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "jurisdiction-specific-health-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "Which exposure limits, averaging periods and supplementary notations apply in the intended workplace jurisdiction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "jurisdiction-specific-health-constraints-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fire-reactivity-and-release", "name": "Fire, reactivity and release", "description": "Relates flammability, incompatibility and environmental documentation to the intended operation.", "findings": [ { "id": "operation-specific-safety-prerequisites", "name": "Operation-specific safety prerequisites", "description": "Record sourced flash-point and flammability data, incompatibilities and release constraints, then identify required operational evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What test methods and conditions accompany the flash point and flammable limits, and which incompatibilities and environmental classifications are documented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "operation-specific-safety-prerequisites-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence about ignition control, ventilation, containment and material compatibility is required before the proposed storage, transfer or use can be assessed?", "kind": "action", "id": "operation-specific-safety-prerequisites-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "lot-condition-and-reuse", "name": "Lot condition and reuse", "description": "Tracks whether the actual material still matches its identity and quality evidence through storage and recovery.", "rationale": "A supplier specification does not by itself establish the present composition of an opened or recovered toluene lot.", "layers": [ { "id": "provenance-and-storage-history", "name": "Provenance and storage history", "description": "Links the lot to its documents and subsequent handling history.", "findings": [ { "id": "current-lot-evidence", "name": "Current lot evidence", "description": "Record supplier and lot documents alongside opening, transfer, storage and contamination observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which certificate of analysis and safety data sheet correspond to this supplier, grade and lot?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "current-lot-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Have opening, transfers, storage conditions or visible changes made the original water-content or purity evidence insufficient?", "kind": "action", "id": "current-lot-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "recovered-material-disposition", "name": "Recovered material disposition", "description": "Determines whether used or recovered solvent can still be assessed as a toluene lot for a specified purpose.", "findings": [ { "id": "reuse-or-reclassification", "name": "Reuse or reclassification", "description": "Require composition evidence and application criteria before assigning recovered material a reusable grade or a different material identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What testing establishes the toluene content, water, co-solvents and process-derived contaminants in the recovered material?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reuse-or-reclassification-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence support reuse against a named specification, or must the material be linked to a mixture or waste record under applicable rules?", "kind": "action", "id": "reuse-or-reclassification-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is a recall-based description; no sources were consulted.", "Verify current jurisdiction-specific hazard classifications, exposure limits and restrictions before regulatory use.", "Physical values are approximate for the pure substance; grade labels do not establish universal purity or water-content specifications." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of toluene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Technical-grade toluene", "Reagent-grade toluene", "Anhydrous toluene", "HPLC-grade toluene" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of toluene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "108-88-3", "note": "Identifies toluene, also called methylbenzene." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "1140", "note": "Compound identifier for toluene." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "203-625-9", "note": "European chemical inventory identifier." }, { "scheme": "UN dangerous goods number", "value_or_pattern": "UN 1294", "note": "Transport identifier for toluene; mixtures require their own classification assessment." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of toluene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS): framework for communicating chemical hazards.", "European Union REACH Regulation: registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction requirements for chemicals.", "European Union CLP Regulation: classification, labelling and packaging requirements for substances and mixtures.", "US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard: workplace hazard communication requirements.", "US OSHA air contaminants standards: occupational exposure limits for toluene." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of toluene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Solvent in coatings, adhesives, inks and related formulations.", "Chemical feedstock for producing toluene diisocyanate used in polyurethane manufacture.", "Feedstock for producing benzene and other aromatic chemicals.", "Component of gasoline that contributes to octane performance.", "Laboratory solvent for reactions, extraction and azeotropic water removal." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of toluene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "92.14", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Normal boiling point", "typical_range": "Approximately 110.6 at 101.325 kPa", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Melting point", "typical_range": "Approximately -95", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Liquid density", "typical_range": "Approximately 0.867 at 20 °C", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "Water solubility", "typical_range": "Approximately 0.5-0.6 near 20-25 °C", "unit": "g/L" }, { "quantity": "Closed-cup flash point", "typical_range": "Approximately 4", "unit": "°C" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of toluene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Highly flammable liquid and vapour; vapour-air mixtures can ignite or explode.", "Vapour exposure can depress the central nervous system, causing dizziness, drowsiness and impaired coordination.", "Aspiration into the lungs after ingestion or vomiting can cause severe chemical lung injury.", "Repeated skin contact can remove skin oils and cause irritation or dermatitis.", "Repeated substantial exposure can damage the nervous system; developmental toxicity is also a recognised concern." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of toluene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Occupational exposure limits differ by jurisdiction and issuing organisation; legal limits and advisory recommendations are not interchangeable.", "GHS implementation and required label wording vary across jurisdictions.", "Restrictions on solvent-containing consumer products and volatile organic compound emissions depend on jurisdiction and product category." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of toluene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Benzene", "difference": "Benzene has no methyl substituent and has formula C6H6; toluene has one and has formula C7H8." }, { "name": "Xylenes", "difference": "Xylenes have two methyl groups attached to a benzene ring; toluene has one." }, { "name": "Ethylbenzene", "difference": "Ethylbenzene bears an ethyl group rather than a methyl group and has formula C8H10." }, { "name": "Paint thinner", "difference": "Paint thinner is a formulated solvent product that may contain toluene; toluene is a defined chemical substance." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of toluene this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative identity records and existing Vercy publications should be linked to vr.tr.toluene to avoid duplicating a model already covering methylbenzene?", "Which reference sources, measurement conditions and uncertainty conventions should govern the model's physical-property values?", "Which jurisdictions and effective dates should define the initial GHS, occupational exposure, transport and environmental coverage?", "Which supplier or recognised grade specifications should govern assay, benzene, water and residue acceptance for the intended applications?", "What evidence and applicable rules determine when contaminated or recovered toluene remains a substance lot, becomes a mixture, or receives a waste designation?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a toluene, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise toluene, assess a specific sample or inventory lot, and determine which uses and handling decisions its identity, quality, condition and documented constraints support.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Benzene-13C6, methyl-, Methyl-13C-benzene, Toluene-4-13C, 1-(¹³C)Methyl(¹³C₆)benzene.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a toluene, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Benzene-13C6, methyl-", "Methyl-13C-benzene", "Toluene-4-13C", "1-(¹³C)Methyl(¹³C₆)benzene" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one toluene from another, and a toluene from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a toluene sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a toluene from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a toluene is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a toluene is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a toluene is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a toluene is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a toluene is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a toluene is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a toluene passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a toluene between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a toluene, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a toluene is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a toluene and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a toluene is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a toluene performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a toluene.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a toluene at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a toluene there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What toluene is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name toluene unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of toluene exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How toluene behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of toluene, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is toluene incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How toluene can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is toluene classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover toluene, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a toluene came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a toluene and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a toluene is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a toluene, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a toluene, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a toluene is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }