{ "model": { "rank": 5829, "code": "thing-q158018", "model_id": "vr.tr.erythroxylum-coca", "name": "Erythroxylum coca", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Erythroxylum coca, assess the condition and provenance of its plants and botanical specimens, and determine which proposed actions require further evidence or authority.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q158018/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q158018", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158018", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:34:43Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01432624, "turns": 1, "seconds": 185.4, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 102.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b33-45aa-7fc1-a3bd-0b60570eba57\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Erythroxylum coca\nRegistry id: vr.tr.erythroxylum-coca\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q158018", "registryId": "vr.tr.erythroxylum-coca", "name": "Erythroxylum coca", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q158018/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.erythroxylum-coca", "name": "Erythroxylum coca", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Erythroxylum coca, assess the condition and provenance of its plants and botanical specimens, and determine which proposed actions require further evidence or authority.", "definition": "Erythroxylum coca Lam. is a cultivated shrub of the family Erythroxylaceae, native to the Andean-Amazonian tropics, whose leaves accumulate tropane alkaloids (chiefly cocaine) and are harvested as the traditional Andean masticatory and medicine and as the botanical raw material for licit and illicit cocaine.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the botanical identity, observed state and action-relevant relationships of Erythroxylum coca under registry entry vr.tr.erythroxylum-coca, including infraspecific determinations without creating separate registry things.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification, competing determinations and uncertainty within the coca species complex", "Individual living plants and traceable botanical specimens or plant parts", "Vegetative condition, reproductive state and observed environmental context", "Collection origin, accession history and documented cultivation context", "Specimen-linked chemical observations and material condition", "Evidence governing observation, sampling, retention and transfer" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Erythroxylum novogranatense and other related species as independently modelled organisms", "Cocaine as a chemical substance and its manufacture", "Coca teas, extracts and other processed products", "Clinical diagnosis, consumption advice and treatment of exposure", "Plantations as businesses, land parcels or production systems", "Legal regimes and Indigenous cultural practices as independently modelled social systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check the scientific determination behind a 'coca' label: the common name also covers Erythroxylum novogranatense and cannot establish this registry identity. [Kew](https://www.kew.org/plants/coca)", "Inspect intact leaves for the paired longitudinal curved lines flanking the midrib, recording underside photographs; treat this as supporting morphology rather than a species-exclusive test. [IPCS botanical description](https://inchem.org/documents/pims/plant/erythrox.htm)", "Compare multiple leaves and available reproductive structures against authenticated specimens of E. coca and competing Erythroxylum taxa; leaf size and shape alone cannot reliably separate cultivated coca types and some wild relatives. [Kew research account](https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/coca-much-more-than-a-drug-source)", "For disputed material, require a documented expert determination and, where suitable, molecular comparison with authenticated references; retain an unresolved result when evidence cannot discriminate related taxa. This proposed evidence rule reflects the identification limitations described by [Kew](https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/coca-much-more-than-a-drug-source).", "Determine whether the object is an organism or attributable botanical material: an extract or isolated compound belongs to a neighbouring model even when its origin is recorded as E. coca." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic determination", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Erythroxylum coca supported; provisional Erythroxylum coca; unresolved Erythroxylum; alternative taxon", "why_it_matters": "Prevents common names and uncertain identifications from becoming definite species assignments." }, { "name": "Infraspecific assignment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Name and rank under a cited taxonomic treatment; unassigned; disputed", "why_it_matters": "Preserves recognised variation without splitting the authoritative registry entry." }, { "name": "Identification anchor", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Link to voucher, accession, determiner, reference treatment and determination date", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to audit or revise an identification." }, { "name": "Material form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Living plant; detached leaf; reproductive material; preserved specimen; mixed botanical sample", "why_it_matters": "Determines which observations and actions apply to the object." }, { "name": "Leaf morphology", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Blade length and width in mm; sampled leaf count; shape annotations and calibrated images", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparative identification while preserving variation and measurement context." }, { "name": "Phenological state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Vegetative; flowering; fruiting; multiple concurrent states; unobserved", "why_it_matters": "Indicates available diagnostic structures and reproductive activity." }, { "name": "Plant condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed leaf loss, discoloration, lesions, wilting and stem damage, each dated with extent", "why_it_matters": "Separates visible condition from an unverified diagnosis." }, { "name": "Origin and establishment context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Collection locality and date linked to wild, cultivated, escaped or unknown status and supporting evidence", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes actual origin from current location or assumptions based on appearance." }, { "name": "Specimen-linked alkaloid result", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named analyte; laboratory-reported concentration and unit; fresh or dry mass basis; detection limit; untested", "why_it_matters": "Keeps chemical evidence tied to the tested material without treating it as proof of species or intended use." }, { "name": "Action authorisation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Proposed action linked to jurisdiction, date, custodian consent, applicable authority and unresolved requirements", "why_it_matters": "Supports an action-specific decision instead of assigning a universal permitted or prohibited label." } ], "affordances": [ "Document diagnostic structures and request expert comparison with authenticated coca specimens.", "Track a living plant's condition and reproductive state through dated observations.", "Link collected material and laboratory results to a parent plant or accession.", "Flag uncertain species assignments, mixed samples and contradictory provenance.", "Evaluate whether documented authority covers a proposed sampling, retention or transfer action.", "Refer processed products, exposure incidents and taxonomic alternatives to their neighbouring models." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "plowman-1984", "title": "The Ethnobotany of Coca (Erythroxylum spp., Erythroxylaceae)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Cultivated taxa (var. coca and var. ipadu versus E. novogranatense), traditional preparations, and the morphological characters used to separate them." }, { "id": "un-1961", "title": "Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, as amended by the 1972 Protocol", "url": "https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/single-convention.html", "what_it_supports": "International scheduling of the coca leaf and cocaine, and the Convention's rules on coca-bush cultivation and traditional chewing.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "unodc-wdr", "title": "World Drug Report (coca cultivation, yield and alkaloid chapters)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Where the bush is grown, dry-leaf yields, and the conversion of leaf into cocaine products in monitored producing regions.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "bolivia-ley-906", "title": "Ley General de la Coca No. 906 of 8 March 2017", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Bolivian legal distinction of traditional coca from illicit cultivation, authorized zones, and cultural-heritage status of the leaf." }, { "id": "kew-powo", "title": "Plants of the World Online: Erythroxylum coca Lam.", "url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/", "what_it_supports": "Accepted scientific name, authorship (Lamarck 1786), family placement, and native range as treated by Kew.", "url_status": "blocked" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "coca-taxonomic-identity", "name": "Coca taxonomic identity", "description": "Establish what supports assigning material to Erythroxylum coca.", "rationale": "The name coca and overlapping morphology make unsupported species assignments particularly consequential.", "layers": [ { "id": "names-and-circumscription", "name": "Names and circumscription", "description": "Relate supplied names to an explicit botanical treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-coca-determination", "name": "Supported coca determination", "description": "Record the asserted taxon, its authority and any competing identification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic treatment defines Erythroxylum coca for this determination?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-coca-determination-q01" }, { "text": "Who identified the material, when, and against which voucher or reference?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-coca-determination-q02" }, { "text": "Does the supplied name denote this species, another coca species or an unresolved common-name usage?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-coca-determination-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnostic-evidence", "name": "Diagnostic evidence", "description": "Assess morphology and supplementary evidence against plausible alternatives.", "findings": [ { "id": "coca-lookalike-separation", "name": "Coca lookalike separation", "description": "Preserve observations and the limits of their ability to exclude related taxa.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do calibrated leaf images, stipules and available flowers or fruits show?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "coca-lookalike-separation-q01" }, { "text": "Which evidence distinguishes this material from E. novogranatense and other candidate Erythroxylum species?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "coca-lookalike-separation-q02" }, { "text": "What expert review or validated molecular comparison is needed before the assignment can be accepted?", "kind": "action", "id": "coca-lookalike-separation-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "coca-material-and-origin", "name": "Coca material and origin", "description": "Connect the plant or specimen to its biological origin and accession history.", "rationale": "Detached coca material and inherited labels can lose the evidence needed to establish identity and context.", "layers": [ { "id": "organism-to-specimen", "name": "Organism to specimen", "description": "Keep whole plants, detached parts and derivative objects distinguishable.", "findings": [ { "id": "botanical-material-continuity", "name": "Botanical material continuity", "description": "Define the observed object and preserve its relationship to source material.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this a living E. coca candidate, an identifiable plant part, a preserved voucher or a mixed sample?", "kind": "definition", "id": "botanical-material-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "Which parent plant or accession produced this specimen, and how was that link maintained?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "botanical-material-continuity-q02" }, { "text": "Has processing changed the object into a product requiring a separate model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "botanical-material-continuity-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "collection-and-establishment", "name": "Collection and establishment", "description": "Separate collection facts from inferred cultivation or wild status.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-coca-origin", "name": "Documented coca origin", "description": "Record where the material originated and what establishes its growing context.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where and when was the original plant observed or collected, and how precise is that record?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-coca-origin-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports cultivated, wild, escaped or unknown establishment status?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-coca-origin-q02" }, { "text": "Which locality or community-associated information has restrictions on disclosure?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-coca-origin-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "coca-vitality-and-phenology", "name": "Coca vitality and phenology", "description": "Assess living plants through their foliage, woody structure and reproductive observations.", "rationale": "Condition and reproductive state affect specimen interpretation and the need for botanical assessment.", "layers": [ { "id": "foliage-and-stem-condition", "name": "Foliage and stem condition", "description": "Record visible change without confusing damage with normal variation or a proven cause.", "findings": [ { "id": "coca-condition-trajectory", "name": "Coca condition trajectory", "description": "Track leaf retention, discoloration and structural damage with their environmental context.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have leaf loss, discoloration, wilting or stem lesions changed since the previous observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "coca-condition-trajectory-q01" }, { "text": "What recent environmental observations or documented removal of leaves could explain the change?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "coca-condition-trajectory-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence is needed to distinguish physical damage, environmental stress and a biological cause?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "coca-condition-trajectory-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reproductive-observation", "name": "Reproductive observation", "description": "Record flowers and fruits as both state evidence and identification opportunities.", "findings": [ { "id": "coca-reproductive-state", "name": "Coca reproductive state", "description": "Distinguish observed reproductive structures from assumptions about maturity or viability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are flowers or fruits present, in what observed stages, and on which dates?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "coca-reproductive-state-q01" }, { "text": "Is seed viability supported by evidence or merely inferred from fruit presence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "coca-reproductive-state-q02" }, { "text": "Can reproductive structures be documented to improve the taxonomic determination?", "kind": "action", "id": "coca-reproductive-state-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "coca-sample-integrity-and-chemistry", "name": "Coca sample integrity and chemistry", "description": "Interpret botanical sample condition and chemical reports at the level actually tested.", "rationale": "A coca label cannot establish a sample's composition, integrity or suitability for a proposed use.", "layers": [ { "id": "leaf-sample-integrity", "name": "Leaf sample integrity", "description": "Assess whether detached material remains attributable and interpretable.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributable-coca-sample", "name": "Attributable coca sample", "description": "Record preservation, deterioration and possible mixture with other material.", "questions": [ { "text": "What drying, preservation and storage history is documented for the leaves or voucher?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributable-coca-sample-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence of mould, foreign material, fragmentation or mixed plant origins is present?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributable-coca-sample-q02" }, { "text": "Does sample condition prevent a defensible botanical or chemical interpretation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attributable-coca-sample-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "bounded-chemical-evidence", "name": "Bounded chemical evidence", "description": "Attach analytical results to the sampled tissue and the reporting method.", "findings": [ { "id": "specimen-specific-alkaloid-evidence", "name": "Specimen-specific alkaloid evidence", "description": "Record reported alkaloid measurements without generalising them to every plant or deriving intended use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which tissue and accession were tested, by which laboratory and on what date?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "specimen-specific-alkaloid-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which analytes, concentrations, mass basis, detection limits and uncertainties were reported?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "specimen-specific-alkaloid-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which conclusions remain unsupported, including species identity, other specimens' composition and consumption suitability?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "specimen-specific-alkaloid-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "coca-custody-and-permitted-actions", "name": "Coca custody and permitted actions", "description": "Connect proposed actions to material identity, custody and applicable authority.", "rationale": "Decisions about coca require evidence about the specific material, location and action, while biological identity alone cannot establish intended use.", "layers": [ { "id": "action-specific-authority", "name": "Action-specific authority", "description": "Resolve requirements for a named action in its actual context.", "findings": [ { "id": "coca-action-decision", "name": "Coca action decision", "description": "Support a documented proceed, defer or disallow decision without asserting universal legal status.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exact action is proposed: observation, sampling, retention, transfer or disposal?", "kind": "action", "id": "coca-action-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Which current authoritative requirements apply to this material form, jurisdiction and action?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "coca-action-decision-q02" }, { "text": "Do the documented permissions cover the actor, material, destination and date?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "coca-action-decision-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "custodianship-and-use-claims", "name": "Custodianship and use claims", "description": "Keep custodian consent and attributed use claims separate from botanical observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-coca-use-context", "name": "Documented coca use context", "description": "Represent stated research, cultural or other purposes with their provenance and limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who holds or cares for the plant, and who can authorise access or sampling?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-coca-use-context-q01" }, { "text": "Who supplied the claimed use context, and what evidence supports it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-coca-use-context-q02" }, { "text": "What consent or knowledge-use conditions apply before collecting material or sharing associated information?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-coca-use-context-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Huánuco / Bolivian coca (E. coca var. coca): the montane eastern-Andean cultivated variety of the Yungas and similar slopes", "Amazonian ipadu (E. coca var. ipadu): a vegetatively propagated lowland form, typically toasted, pulverized and taken with plant ash", "Yungas coca: Bolivian traditional cultivation in the Yungas of La Paz, treated in national law as the core licit traditional crop", "Chapare coca: coca grown in the Cochabamba tropics of Bolivia, often contrasted in policy and markets with Yungas coca" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Erythroxylum coca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Scientific name", "value_or_pattern": "Erythroxylum coca Lam.", "note": "Protologue: Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique 2: 393 (1786)." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q158389", "note": "Taxon item for Erythroxylum coca." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "29063", "note": "Taxid for Erythroxylum coca." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System", "value_or_pattern": "1211.30", "note": "HS heading for coca leaves as a traded botanical." }, { "scheme": "UN/INCB Yellow List", "value_or_pattern": "COCA LEAF", "note": "Narcotic drug under the 1961 Single Convention, listed separately from cocaine and ecgonine." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Erythroxylum coca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (as amended 1972): coca leaf and cocaine are Schedule I narcotic drugs; Articles 26-27 govern the coca bush and (historically time-limited) traditional chewing.", "International Narcotics Control Board (INCB): monitors licit coca-leaf production and the Yellow List of narcotic drugs.", "United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988: cultivation and trafficking offences and precursor controls used against illicit coca processing.", "Plurinational State of Bolivia, Ley General de la Coca No. 906 (2017): recognizes coca as cultural heritage and confines licit cultivation to authorized zones.", "Peru, Decreto Ley 22095 and the ENACO state monopoly: licit leaf for traditional use and limited industrial extraction, versus illicit plots outside that system.", "United States Controlled Substances Act: coca leaves and cocaine are Schedule II controlled substances (DEA).", "Colombia, Ley 30 de 1986 and successor criminal and crop-substitution rules: cultivation is largely illicit except limited indigenous traditional use." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Erythroxylum coca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Andean acullico / chacchado: whole or broken dried leaves chewed with an alkaline ash or lime paste (llipta, toqra) for fatigue, hunger and altitude.", "Mate de coca: leaf infusion sold in the Andes, including to travellers, and often seized as scheduled coca leaf when carried abroad.", "Ritual offerings (k'intu, despacho) in Andean religious practice.", "Amazonian ipadu: toasted, powdered leaf mixed with Cecropia or other ash and taken as a moist powder.", "Licensed industrial extraction of cocaine for remaining medical anaesthetic use, and of decocainized leaf extract as a flavouring (historically and still under tight licence).", "Illicit conversion of leaf to coca paste and cocaine hydrochloride in producing regions of the Andes and Amazon." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Erythroxylum coca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Cocaine in air-dried leaf (var. coca)", "typical_range": "0.5-0.8", "unit": "% m/m" }, { "quantity": "Cocaine in air-dried leaf (var. ipadu)", "typical_range": "0.1-0.4", "unit": "% m/m" }, { "quantity": "Shrub height in cultivation", "typical_range": "1-3", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Cultivation elevation (var. coca)", "typical_range": "500-2000", "unit": "m a.s.l." }, { "quantity": "Dry-leaf yield", "typical_range": "800-2500", "unit": "kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "Leaf harvests per year", "typical_range": "3-6", "unit": "harvests" }, { "quantity": "Leaf-blade length", "typical_range": "30-80", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Erythroxylum coca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Extracted cocaine (paste or hydrochloride) produces dependence, acute toxicity and overdose; these harms are not equivalent to traditional leaf chewing.", "Illicit processing contaminates soil and water with kerosene, acids, permanganate and other solvents.", "Possession, import or cultivation outside authorized traditional zones is a criminal offence in most jurisdictions, including of coca tea.", "Illicit plots and forced eradication drive deforestation, displacement and, historically, aerial herbicide exposure.", "Street cocaine is frequently adulterated, adding toxicity unrelated to the leaf itself.", "Pests, disease and poor drying reduce alkaloid quality and make leaf unsaleable in licit traditional markets." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Erythroxylum coca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Bolivia: chewing (acullico) is culturally protected; Law 906 distinguishes Yungas traditional cultivation from illicit expansion, notably in the Chapare.", "Peru: chacchar is customary in the highlands; ENACO runs the licit leaf market, while valleys such as the VRAEM are treated as illicit-production zones.", "Colombia: traditional chewing is limited to some Indigenous groups; most cultivation is illicit and often of the related species E. novogranatense.", "Amazon lowlands (Brazil, Colombia, Peru): ipadu powder-with-ash, not Andean quid chewing.", "North-western Argentina: leaf for chewing and tea is legally tolerated, unlike most of the world.", "Outside the Andes, the leaf itself is generally treated as a scheduled narcotic even when sold as tea." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Erythroxylum coca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Erythroxylum novogranatense (Colombian and Trujillo coca)", "difference": "A separate cultivated species: leaves are typically smaller, more obovate and obtuse (versus larger elliptic, acute leaves of E. coca); it is more drought-tolerant, and dried leaf has a higher cinnamoylcocaine-to-cocaine ratio. Trujillo coca is the aromatic flavouring/tea type of coastal northern Peru." }, { "name": "Wild Erythroxylum species (most of the ~200 species in the genus)", "difference": "Little or no cocaine; separated by stipule, floral and leaf-areolation characters used in Plowman's keys, not by vernacular 'coca'." }, { "name": "Catha edulis (khat)", "difference": "A Celastraceae stimulant chewed as fresh shoots; active principles are cathinone/cathine, not tropane alkaloids." }, { "name": "'Catuaba' and other Erythroxylum products in Brazilian trade", "difference": "Marketed as tonics/aphrodisiacs from different species; they are not cocaine-bearing coca leaf and fail alkaloid assays used for E. coca." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Erythroxylum coca this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which current taxonomic treatment should govern E. coca and its infraspecific names when botanical authorities disagree?", "Which combined morphological and molecular tests reliably distinguish E. coca from relevant cultivated and wild relatives, especially for sterile or fragmented specimens?", "What reference observations distinguish ordinary seasonal foliage change from stress or disease across documented E. coca populations?", "How do tissue selection, preservation and analytical method constrain comparisons between specimen-linked alkaloid reports?", "Which jurisdiction-specific authorities and custodian or community protocols must be consulted for the actual collection and proposed actions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 38 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Erythroxylum coca, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Erythroxylum coca, assess the condition and provenance of its plants and botanical specimens, and determine which proposed actions require further evidence or authority.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Erythroxylum coca, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Erythroxylum coca from another, and a Erythroxylum coca from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Erythroxylum coca sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Erythroxylum coca from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Erythroxylum coca is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Erythroxylum coca and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Erythroxylum coca is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Erythroxylum coca is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Erythroxylum coca is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Erythroxylum coca moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Erythroxylum coca passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Erythroxylum coca between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Erythroxylum coca, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Erythroxylum coca is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Erythroxylum coca is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Erythroxylum coca, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Erythroxylum coca from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Erythroxylum coca from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Erythroxylum coca does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Erythroxylum coca pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Erythroxylum coca judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Erythroxylum coca lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Erythroxylum coca, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Erythroxylum coca hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Erythroxylum coca came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Erythroxylum coca and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Erythroxylum coca is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Erythroxylum coca, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Erythroxylum coca, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Erythroxylum coca is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }