{ "model": { "rank": 4101, "code": "thing-q158289", "model_id": "vr.tr.hypericum-perforatum", "name": "Hypericum perforatum", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Hypericum perforatum, assess the condition and spread of its plants and populations, and determine evidence-supported observation, cultivation or management actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q158289/", "tier": 2, "score": 78, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 78, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q158289", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158289", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:28:56Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087a3-cd91-7d40-bf1a-268f4ed4216c\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Hypericum perforatum\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 83, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087a3-cd87-7681-a25e-d6723f7dbb3e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Hypericum perforatum\nRegistry id: vr.tr.hypericum-perforatum\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into thi" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q158289", "registryId": "vr.tr.hypericum-perforatum", "name": "Hypericum perforatum", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q158289/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.hypericum-perforatum", "name": "Hypericum perforatum", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Hypericum perforatum, assess the condition and spread of its plants and populations, and determine evidence-supported observation, cultivation or management actions.", "definition": "Hypericum perforatum L., commonly called St John's wort, is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae, distinguished by translucent leaf glands, yellow flowers with dark glandular markings, and stems usually bearing two longitudinal ridges.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species-level biological identity and organism-specific observation requirements of Hypericum perforatum under vr.tr.hypericum-perforatum, PHY / PHY.OBJ, with records for individual plants, populations and authenticated botanical samples.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification, diagnostic morphology and identification uncertainty", "Plant growth, seasonal development, flowering and seed production", "Population establishment, root-derived regrowth and dispersal", "Habitat, local ecological status and interactions with other organisms", "Botanical sample provenance, measured constituents and exposure-relevant traits" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other Hypericum species and the genus as a whole", "Finished St. John's wort medicines, supplements and commercial formulations", "Hypericin and hyperforin as independently modelled chemical substances", "Diagnosis, treatment selection and prescribing for people or animals", "Whole pasture ecosystems, agricultural enterprises and weed-control products" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Examine an intact stem for a rounded cross-section with two longitudinal lines; record this alongside other characters when separating similar Hypericum species. [Flora of New Zealand](https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/taxon/Hypericum-perforatum.html)", "Backlight leaves to inspect translucent glands, and magnify their margins to locate dark glands; apparent perforations are glands, and this character alone does not establish species identity. [Flora of New Zealand](https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/taxon/Hypericum-perforatum.html)", "Check the combination of narrow, pointed sepals and black anther glands against a regional identification key. [Flora of New Zealand](https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/taxon/Hypericum-perforatum.html)", "Inspect individual yellow flowers for five petals and numerous stamens, distinguishing them from superficially similar yellow composite flower heads. [USDA Forest Service plant account](https://www.fs.usda.gov/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr513.pdf)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unverified; provisional; expert-confirmed; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "A common-name label or yellow flowers alone cannot authenticate H. perforatum." }, { "name": "Stem line count", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "count per inspected internode, with stem position and photograph", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison with related Hypericum species." }, { "name": "Leaf gland pattern", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "translucent laminar glands; dark marginal glands; other pattern; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Captures diagnostic observations without treating one feature as conclusive." }, { "name": "Plant height", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cm, with date and developmental stage", "why_it_matters": "Supports growth and management monitoring without making size a fixed identity test." }, { "name": "Phenological stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "seedling; vegetative; budding; flowering; immature capsules; seed release; seasonal dieback", "why_it_matters": "Determines which identification characters and reproductive risks can be assessed." }, { "name": "Population extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m² occupied and percentage cover within a defined survey area", "why_it_matters": "Allows repeatable assessment of establishment and expansion." }, { "name": "Shoot origin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "seed-origin observed; root-origin observed; uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Prevents counting every shoot as an independent seed-established plant." }, { "name": "Local ecological status", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "native; introduced; naturalised; invasive under cited assessment; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Ecological interpretation depends on geography and evidence." }, { "name": "Authenticated material provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "sample linked to voucher, collection location, collection date and plant part", "why_it_matters": "Connects chemical observations to identified botanical material." }, { "name": "Measured constituent concentration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/g with named analyte, fresh- or dry-mass basis, assay method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Prevents species identity from substituting for measurement of a particular sample." } ], "affordances": [ "Guide photographic and voucher-based identification using stems, leaves, flowers and fruit", "Schedule repeat observations around locally observed flowering and seed maturation", "Map population extent and distinguish suspected seedlings from root-derived shoots", "Collect permitted botanical samples with traceable plant-part and assay records", "Flag livestock exposure or proposed medicinal use for the relevant specialist assessment", "Compare authorised management actions through regrowth, seed production and population change" ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "species-authentication", "name": "Species authentication", "description": "Establish what counts as H. perforatum and what evidence supports a particular identification.", "rationale": "Common names and individual gland characters can leave related Hypericum species unresolved.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxon-boundary", "name": "Taxon boundary", "description": "Bind the registry concept to an explicit botanical treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "scientific-name-anchor", "name": "Scientific name anchor", "description": "Use Hypericum perforatum as the species boundary; retain common names as contextual labels rather than sufficient identification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic authority and version define Hypericum perforatum for this record?", "kind": "definition", "id": "scientific-name-anchor-q01" }, { "text": "Does the observation concern this species, another St. John's wort, or an unresolved Hypericum?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "scientific-name-anchor-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnostic-evidence", "name": "Diagnostic evidence", "description": "Collect complementary vegetative and reproductive identification evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "combined-morphology", "name": "Combined morphology", "description": "Record stem lines, translucent and dark leaf glands, sepal form and anther glands together, retaining photographs and unresolved characters.", "questions": [ { "text": "What stem-line count and gland distribution were observed under suitable magnification?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "combined-morphology-q01" }, { "text": "Which local lookalikes does the complete character combination exclude?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "combined-morphology-q02" }, { "text": "Who identified the plant, using which key and voucher or photographs?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "combined-morphology-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-regeneration", "name": "Development and regeneration", "description": "Track seasonal shoots, reproduction and persistent below-ground growth.", "rationale": "Above-ground loss can conceal persistence: H. perforatum can regrow from its extensive root system. [NSW WeedWise](https://weeds.dpi.nsw.gov.au/Weed/StJohnsWort)", "layers": [ { "id": "seasonal-reproduction", "name": "Seasonal reproduction", "description": "Follow flowering, capsule development and seed release in local conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-reproductive-window", "name": "Observed reproductive window", "description": "Use dated field observations to establish reproductive timing instead of assuming a universal flowering calendar.", "questions": [ { "text": "When were buds, open flowers, developing capsules and releasing seeds observed at this site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-reproductive-window-q01" }, { "text": "Which inspection or management action must occur before the observed seed-release period?", "kind": "action", "id": "observed-reproductive-window-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "below-ground-persistence", "name": "Below-ground persistence", "description": "Separate seasonal shoot condition from survival and regeneration below ground.", "findings": [ { "id": "seedlings-and-root-regrowth", "name": "Seedlings and root regrowth", "description": "Record whether new shoots are demonstrated seedlings, connected root sprouts or of uncertain origin.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observation establishes seed origin or connection to an existing root system?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "seedlings-and-root-regrowth-q01" }, { "text": "After cutting or treatment, when and where did shoots reappear?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seedlings-and-root-regrowth-q02" }, { "text": "Does the monitoring unit represent a shoot, a rooted individual or a potentially clonal patch?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "seedlings-and-root-regrowth-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "habitat-and-population-spread", "name": "Habitat and population spread", "description": "Place occurrences within their environmental, geographic and dispersal context.", "rationale": "The species' presence alone cannot establish local invasiveness or explain how a population is expanding.", "layers": [ { "id": "site-and-status", "name": "Site and status", "description": "Connect observed performance to habitat and independently supported regional status.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-establishment-context", "name": "Local establishment context", "description": "Record substrate, moisture, light, disturbance and neighbouring vegetation alongside location-specific status evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What site conditions and recent disturbances accompany this population?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "local-establishment-context-q01" }, { "text": "Which regional flora or assessment supports its native, introduced or invasive designation here?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "local-establishment-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dispersal-and-expansion", "name": "Dispersal and expansion", "description": "Distinguish local vegetative expansion from movement of seed between sites.", "findings": [ { "id": "spread-pathway-evidence", "name": "Spread pathway evidence", "description": "Investigate seed movement through water, machinery and animals alongside root-associated expansion; these seed pathways are documented by [NSW WeedWise](https://weeds.dpi.nsw.gov.au/Weed/StJohnsWort).", "questions": [ { "text": "How have occupied area, cover and detached satellite patches changed between mapped surveys?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "spread-pathway-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed pathway could move seeds or viable plant material from this occurrence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "spread-pathway-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What locally appropriate containment action addresses the evidenced pathway?", "kind": "action", "id": "spread-pathway-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "botanical-chemistry-and-exposure", "name": "Botanical chemistry and exposure", "description": "Connect authenticated plant material to constituent measurements and exposure concerns.", "rationale": "Botanical identity does not establish product composition or suitability for use; St. John's wort products have documented medicine interactions. [NCCIH](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/st-johns-wort)", "layers": [ { "id": "material-and-assay", "name": "Material and assay", "description": "Maintain traceability from sampled plant parts to chemical results.", "findings": [ { "id": "sample-specific-constituents", "name": "Sample-specific constituents", "description": "Treat hypericin or hyperforin values as sample-specific analytical observations rather than fixed properties of every plant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authenticated plant parts, developmental stage and storage conditions produced the assayed sample?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "sample-specific-constituents-q01" }, { "text": "Which analytes were measured, by what method, in what units and on what mass basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "sample-specific-constituents-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-boundaries", "name": "Exposure boundaries", "description": "Record exposure context and route consequential decisions to the appropriate neighbouring model.", "findings": [ { "id": "livestock-and-human-use-context", "name": "Livestock and human-use context", "description": "Livestock ingestion can cause photosensitisation; human medicinal-use assessment requires preparation-specific review of interactions. [USDA ARS](https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/logan-ut/poisonous-plant-research/docs/st-johnswort-hypericum-perforatum/) [NCCIH](https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/st-johns-wort)", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence records access, ingestion, exposed animal species and timing of any suspected livestock effects?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "livestock-and-human-use-context-q01" }, { "text": "Does the proposed use concern the living plant, harvested material or a separately modelled medicinal preparation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "livestock-and-human-use-context-q02" }, { "text": "Which veterinary or clinical assessment is needed before making an exposure or use decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "livestock-and-human-use-context-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "biotic-interactions-and-management", "name": "Biotic interactions and management", "description": "Assess herbivore effects and management outcomes against persistent roots and continuing reproduction.", "rationale": "Visible defoliation does not by itself establish lasting population suppression.", "layers": [ { "id": "herbivores-and-damage", "name": "Herbivores and damage", "description": "Attribute feeding damage and distinguish incidental herbivory from documented biological control.", "findings": [ { "id": "klamathweed-beetle-association", "name": "Klamathweed beetle association", "description": "Chrysolina quadrigemina has been used to control H. perforatum in California and can also feed on other Hypericum species. [UC IPM](https://ipm.ucanr.edu/home-and-landscape/klamathweed-beetle/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which identified organism and life stage are associated with the observed leaf or root damage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "klamathweed-beetle-association-q01" }, { "text": "What proportion of foliage is damaged, and how does damage relate to flowering and subsequent regrowth?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "klamathweed-beetle-association-q02" }, { "text": "If biological control is proposed, what local authorisation and host-range evidence support it?", "kind": "action", "id": "klamathweed-beetle-association-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-follow-up", "name": "Intervention and follow-up", "description": "Evaluate cultivation, containment or control against an explicit local objective.", "findings": [ { "id": "persistent-outcome-check", "name": "Persistent outcome check", "description": "Measure subsequent regrowth and reproduction rather than equating a single removal of flowering stems with elimination.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the objective to maintain a cultivated population, prevent seed escape or suppress an established patch?", "kind": "definition", "id": "persistent-outcome-check-q01" }, { "text": "Which action is supported by current local guidance, site constraints and the plant's observed stage?", "kind": "action", "id": "persistent-outcome-check-q02" }, { "text": "What follow-up interval and evidence of regrowth, recruitment and seed production will determine success?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "persistent-outcome-check-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This account is recalled knowledge; no sources were consulted.", "Check regional floras for native-range boundaries, infraspecific classification, and identification where related species or hybrids occur.", "Verify current pharmacopoeial requirements and jurisdiction-specific regulation; evidence for a particular extract does not establish equivalent properties for every preparation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Hypericum perforatum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical scientific name", "value_or_pattern": "Hypericum perforatum L.", "note": "The author abbreviation L. credits Linnaeus; common names such as St John's wort can also refer to other Hypericum species." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Hypericum perforatum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The European Pharmacopoeia, published by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), includes a monograph for St John's wort herb (Hyperici herba)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Hypericum perforatum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Flowering aerial parts are harvested to manufacture herbal preparations.", "Certain standardized extracts are used as herbal medicines for depressive disorders in some jurisdictions.", "Oil macerates are used in traditional topical preparations.", "The plant is studied for constituents including hypericin and hyperforin." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Hypericum perforatum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mature flowering stem height", "typical_range": "30-100", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Flower diameter", "typical_range": "15-25", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Petals per typical flower", "typical_range": "5", "unit": "count" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Hypericum perforatum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Herbal preparations can interact with many medicines by increasing drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter activity, potentially reducing other medicines' effectiveness.", "Combining preparations with serotonergic medicines can cause serious adverse effects, including serotonin syndrome.", "Ingestion can cause photosensitization, particularly in grazing livestock.", "The species can become invasive in pastures and other disturbed habitats outside its native range.", "Misidentification and variation in chemical composition can undermine the consistency of harvested material." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Hypericum perforatum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Native broadly to Europe, parts of Asia, and North Africa, and introduced widely elsewhere.", "It is treated as an invasive or agricultural weed in parts of North America and Australia.", "Herbal products containing it have different regulatory classifications across jurisdictions, including medicinal products and dietary supplements." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Hypericum perforatum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Hypericum", "difference": "Hypericum is the genus containing this species and many others; the registry entry here denotes one species." }, { "name": "Hypericum maculatum", "difference": "A related species typically bearing four stem ridges, whereas H. perforatum typically has two; hybrids can complicate identification." }, { "name": "St John's wort extract", "difference": "An extract is a manufactured preparation derived from plant material, with composition dependent on processing; it is not the living species." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Hypericum perforatum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which taxonomic treatment should govern infraspecific variation and suspected hybrids within the registry's species-level boundary?", "Which local Hypericum lookalikes require additional diagnostic characters or specialist testing, especially in non-flowering material?", "How long do viable seeds and root-derived regeneration persist under the target region's soils, climate and management history?", "How do plant part, developmental stage, population and storage affect constituent measurements in the intended sampling context?", "Which regional ecological designation, management requirements and follow-up evidence should govern cultivation or control at the intended site?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 34 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Hypericum perforatum, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Hypericum perforatum, assess the condition and spread of its plants and populations, and determine evidence-supported observation, cultivation or management actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Hypericum perforatum, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Hypericum perforatum from another, and a Hypericum perforatum from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Hypericum perforatum sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Hypericum perforatum from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Hypericum perforatum is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Hypericum perforatum and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Hypericum perforatum is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Hypericum perforatum is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Hypericum perforatum is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Hypericum perforatum moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Hypericum perforatum passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Hypericum perforatum between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Hypericum perforatum, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Hypericum perforatum is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Hypericum perforatum is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Hypericum perforatum, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Hypericum perforatum from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Hypericum perforatum from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Hypericum perforatum does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Hypericum perforatum pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Hypericum perforatum judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Hypericum perforatum lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Hypericum perforatum, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Hypericum perforatum hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Hypericum perforatum came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Hypericum perforatum and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Hypericum perforatum is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Hypericum perforatum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Hypericum perforatum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Hypericum perforatum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }