{ "model": { "rank": 4638, "code": "thing-q158617", "model_id": "vr.tr.begonia", "name": "Begonia", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a Begonia taxon or plant, assess its condition and growing context, and choose appropriate care, propagation or conservation actions without treating all begonias alike.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q158617/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.begonia", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q158617", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158617", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:40:44Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e5-ca88-7d71-8edb-7cc10450d518\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Begonia\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e5-ca93-79e1-a7be-cd51c2413607\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Begonia\nRegistry id: vr.tr.begonia\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q158617", "registryId": "vr.tr.begonia", "name": "Begonia", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q158617/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.begonia", "name": "Begonia", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a Begonia taxon or plant, assess its condition and growing context, and choose appropriate care, propagation or conservation actions without treating all begonias alike.", "definition": "Begonia L. (1753) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Begoniaceae, comprising chiefly tropical and subtropical herbs and subshrubs typically bearing asymmetric leaves and separate male and female flowers on the same plant.", "scope_statement": "This model owns Begonia at genus-level registry granularity, with explicit distinctions among the genus, subordinate species and hybrids, named cultivars, populations and individual plants; it records the evidence needed for identification and decisions at each level.", "in_scope": [ "Taxonomic identity and the distinction between species names, hybrid names, cultivar names and horticultural groups", "Begonia identification using leaves, stems, underground structures, flowers and fruits", "Individual growth, seasonal state, reproduction and propagation readiness", "Native or cultivated occurrence, habitat and growing conditions", "Plant condition, care constraints, collection provenance and taxon-specific conservation evidence" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other Begoniaceae genera and unrelated plants sold under misleading common names", "General greenhouse, irrigation and nursery business operations", "Standalone models of pathogens, pests, pesticides and fertilisers", "Retail products, prices and ownership transactions involving begonias", "Ecosystem-wide management beyond the requirements and effects of a Begonia population" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require an identification that resolves to Begonia in a named taxonomic reference; a nursery label or common name alone is provisional evidence.", "Check the combination of leaf asymmetry, stipules, stem form and reproductive characters against an identification key; asymmetric or colourful leaves alone are insufficient.", "Where flowers or fruits are available, examine the arrangement of staminate and pistillate flowers, ovary position and fruit structure against the candidate taxon description.", "Separate rhizomatous, tuberous, cane-like and other observed growth forms from taxonomic identity; a horticultural group does not establish a species.", "Distinguish a botanical identification from a cultivar identification, which may require documented propagation history and a cultivar reference." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Entity level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "genus | species | hybrid | cultivar | population | individual", "why_it_matters": "Prevents genus-wide descriptions, species conservation assessments and individual care observations from being conflated." }, { "name": "Taxonomic identification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Accepted name, authorship, publication date, reference backbone, GBIF and NCBI identifiers where available, identification confidence", "why_it_matters": "Anchors recognition and downstream advice to an auditable identity." }, { "name": "Horticultural identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented cultivar or hybrid designation; horticultural group with its classification source; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Cultivated begonias may require a horticultural identity that a species name cannot adequately represent." }, { "name": "Growth and storage form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observed stem habit; presence and condition of rhizomes, tubers or other persistent structures; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Influences seasonal interpretation, handling and suitable propagation methods." }, { "name": "Diagnostic morphology", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Leaf dimensions in mm; stem length in cm; floral and fruit dimensions in mm, with images and developmental stage", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and distinguishes normal variation from damage or abnormal growth." }, { "name": "Developmental and seasonal state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Seed | seedling | vegetative | flowering | fruiting | senescing | dormant where supported | dead | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether changes are expected and whether intervention or propagation is appropriate." }, { "name": "Growing environment", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C; relative humidity in %; light as PPFD in µmol m−2 s−1 with photoperiod in hours; substrate moisture with method stated", "why_it_matters": "Allows condition to be assessed against requirements supported for the particular taxon or cultivar." }, { "name": "Condition and symptoms", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Turgor, leaf injury, root and storage-organ condition, visible organisms, symptom distribution and trend", "why_it_matters": "Supports differential assessment without equating every damaged leaf with a diagnosed disease." }, { "name": "Occurrence and origin", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Locality linked to native, introduced, cultivated or uncertain occurrence; source and collection history", "why_it_matters": "Separates natural habitat evidence from horticultural observations and establishes provenance." }, { "name": "Conservation assessment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Assessment subject, authority, category, geographic scope and year; unassessed or unresolved where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a conservation category from being assigned indiscriminately to the whole genus." } ], "affordances": [ "Develop and document a provisional identification, then request the missing vegetative or reproductive evidence.", "Compare observed growing conditions with sourced requirements for the identified Begonia.", "Distinguish likely seasonal change from deterioration and prioritise observations or care adjustments.", "Select a supported propagation method based on plant identity, available structures, condition and desired fidelity.", "Trace a cultivated or wild accession to its origin and assess constraints on collection, movement or release." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-granularity", "name": "Identity and granularity", "description": "Resolve what the Begonia record denotes and how securely it is named.", "rationale": "Begonia may denote the genus, a wild species, a cultivated hybrid or an individual, each requiring different evidence and decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "botanical-placement", "name": "Botanical placement", "description": "Establish accepted taxonomic placement and the authority behind it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-name-and-reference", "name": "Accepted name and reference", "description": "Record the supported botanical name while retaining synonyms and unresolved identifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record denote the Begonia genus, a subordinate taxon, a population or an individual assigned to that taxon?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accepted-name-and-reference-q01" }, { "text": "Which reference supports its accepted name, authorship, publication date and available GBIF or NCBI taxonomy identifiers?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accepted-name-and-reference-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivated-identity", "name": "Cultivated identity", "description": "Distinguish cultivar and hybrid evidence from botanical naming.", "findings": [ { "id": "cultivar-hybrid-and-group", "name": "Cultivar, hybrid and group", "description": "Preserve documented cultivated identity without promoting trade labels or growth groups to species.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the supplied name a cultivar designation, hybrid name, trade label or horticultural group, and what evidence supports that interpretation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "cultivar-hybrid-and-group-q01" }, { "text": "Which accession or propagation records connect this plant to the claimed cultivar or hybrid parentage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cultivar-hybrid-and-group-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "recognition-and-development", "name": "Recognition and development", "description": "Connect Begonia morphology with identification and life stage.", "rationale": "Leaf appearance alone can mislead, while reproductive structures and growth form add evidence and determine available actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "vegetative-evidence", "name": "Vegetative evidence", "description": "Examine leaves, stipules, stems and persistent structures.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-structure-combination", "name": "Diagnostic structure combination", "description": "Use a combination of observed characters rather than a single ornamental trait.", "questions": [ { "text": "What leaf asymmetry, venation, stipules, surface hairs and stem characters are present, and how do they compare with a sourced identification key?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "diagnostic-structure-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Which rhizomes, tubers or cane-like stems are actually observed, and which growth-form assignments remain inferred?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-structure-combination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reproductive-and-seasonal-evidence", "name": "Reproductive and seasonal evidence", "description": "Record flowering, fruiting and seasonal development without assuming every Begonia follows the same cycle.", "findings": [ { "id": "flowers-fruits-and-life-stage", "name": "Flowers, fruits and life stage", "description": "Use reproductive evidence for identification and distinguish flower sex from any claim about separate male and female individuals.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which staminate or pistillate flowers, ovary features, fruits and seeds are observed, and how are they distributed on the plant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "flowers-fruits-and-life-stage-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes active growth, expected seasonal senescence or dormancy from decline in this particular Begonia?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "flowers-fruits-and-life-stage-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-growing-context", "name": "Range and growing context", "description": "Relate a Begonia occurrence to its origin, habitat and measured environment.", "rationale": "Genus-level assumptions about shade, humidity or moisture cannot replace requirements for the identified taxon or cultivar.", "layers": [ { "id": "occurrence-and-habitat", "name": "Occurrence and habitat", "description": "Separate native habitat from introduced and cultivated settings.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-and-microhabitat", "name": "Range and microhabitat", "description": "Attach distribution and habitat claims to a named taxon and traceable evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which verified records establish the native range, and is the present occurrence native, introduced, cultivated or uncertain?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "range-and-microhabitat-q01" }, { "text": "What substrate, attachment or rooting position, moisture regime and seasonal exposure characterise the documented microhabitat?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "range-and-microhabitat-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "environmental-fit", "name": "Environmental fit", "description": "Compare the plant's current environment with relevant evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "light-temperature-and-water-context", "name": "Light, temperature and water context", "description": "Assess environmental suitability with explicit measurement methods and taxon-specific uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "What light, temperature, humidity, substrate moisture and drainage conditions does this plant experience over a representative daily and seasonal cycle?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "light-temperature-and-water-context-q01" }, { "text": "Which sourced requirements justify changing those conditions for this species, hybrid or cultivar?", "kind": "action", "id": "light-temperature-and-water-context-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-care-and-propagation", "name": "Condition, care and propagation", "description": "Translate plant observations into justified maintenance and propagation choices.", "rationale": "Begonia care and propagation depend on growth form, seasonal state and identity, and similar symptoms can have different causes.", "layers": [ { "id": "condition-and-response", "name": "Condition and response", "description": "Assess symptoms before selecting interventions.", "findings": [ { "id": "symptom-pattern-and-care-decision", "name": "Symptom pattern and care decision", "description": "Separate observations from proposed explanations and track response to changes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where and when do wilting, leaf lesions, discolouration or root and storage-organ deterioration occur, and what recent care changes precede them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "symptom-pattern-and-care-decision-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports an environmental, seasonal, pest or disease explanation, and which immediate care or isolation action follows from it?", "kind": "action", "id": "symptom-pattern-and-care-decision-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "propagation-and-fidelity", "name": "Propagation and fidelity", "description": "Match propagation to biological feasibility and the identity that must be retained.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-and-parent-readiness", "name": "Method and parent readiness", "description": "Evaluate seed, stem or leaf material and division only where supported for the particular Begonia.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which propagation methods are documented for this Begonia, and are suitable healthy tissues, viable seeds or divisible structures available?", "kind": "action", "id": "method-and-parent-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Must offspring preserve cultivar identity, and what evidence establishes the expected fidelity and limitations of the selected method?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "method-and-parent-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-conservation", "name": "Provenance and conservation", "description": "Connect acquisition and management decisions to origin and applicable conservation evidence.", "rationale": "A common cultivated begonia and a wild accession of a threatened species require different provenance and stewardship decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "accession-history", "name": "Accession history", "description": "Track the origin and continuity of a plant or collection.", "findings": [ { "id": "origin-and-movement", "name": "Origin and movement", "description": "Retain collection, nursery and propagation records that support identity and legitimate handling.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was this Begonia wild-collected, seed-raised or vegetatively propagated, and which records establish its source and subsequent history?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "origin-and-movement-q01" }, { "text": "Which current permissions or plant-health requirements apply to the proposed collection, transfer or movement of this accession?", "kind": "action", "id": "origin-and-movement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "assessment-and-population-stewardship", "name": "Assessment and population stewardship", "description": "Apply conservation evidence at its actual taxonomic and geographic scope.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-threats-and-management", "name": "Status, threats and management", "description": "Distinguish assessed conservation status from local population condition and horticultural abundance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is there an IUCN or other authoritative assessment for the identified taxon, and what are its category, assessment year and geographic scope?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "status-threats-and-management-q01" }, { "text": "What local population, habitat or threat evidence supports protection, monitoring or propagation, and what remains unknown before any release is considered?", "kind": "action", "id": "status-threats-and-management-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The intended sense is the botanical genus, also used collectively as a common horticultural name; no particular species is specified.", "The listed kinds are horticultural categories, not mutually exclusive taxonomic subdivisions.", "Species counts, exact database identifiers, native ranges and IUCN categories with assessment years require verification for the relevant species; no single conservation assessment is assigned here to the genus." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Begonia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cane-like begonias", "Shrub-like begonias", "Rhizomatous begonias", "Tuberous begonias", "Rex Cultorum Group", "Semperflorens Cultorum Group" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Begonia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Begonia L.", "note": "Genus name and author abbreviation; published in 1753. This names a taxon, not an individual plant or cultivar." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxon identifier", "note": "The genus and its constituent species have separate taxonomic records; the exact genus key requires verification." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric Taxonomy ID", "note": "Identifiers refer to taxonomic records used with sequence data; the genus ID is not supplied from recall." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Begonia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, adopted through International Botanical Congresses, governs botanical names.", "International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, published through the International Society for Horticultural Science, governs cultivar and cultivar-group naming." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Begonia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Ornamental houseplants grown for patterned or coloured foliage.", "Garden bedding and container plants grown for flowers.", "Hanging-basket displays using suitable trailing cultivars.", "Horticultural breeding and vegetative propagation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Begonia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Waterlogged growing media can cause root or tuber rot.", "Many cultivated begonias suffer chilling or frost injury.", "Powdery mildew and Botrytis diseases can damage susceptible plants.", "Vegetative propagation can transmit pathogens from infected stock." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Begonia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Native diversity occurs across tropical and subtropical parts of the Americas, Africa and Asia.", "In cold climates, frost-sensitive begonias are commonly cultivated indoors, under glass or as seasonal outdoor plants.", "Habitat requirements differ among species, including seasonally dormant forms and plants of persistently humid forest habitats." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Begonia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Begoniaceae", "difference": "The family is a higher taxonomic rank that contains Begonia." }, { "name": "Begonia rex", "difference": "A species within Begonia; the horticultural Rex Cultorum Group includes cultivated forms and hybrids and is not equivalent to that species." }, { "name": "Begonia cultivar", "difference": "A named cultivated selection within the genus, rather than the entire genus or necessarily a botanical species." }, { "name": "Individual begonia plant", "difference": "A particular organism with its own age and condition; genus-level taxonomy and species-level conservation assessments do not describe its individual status." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Begonia this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend Begonia strictly as the botanical genus or also as an umbrella for cultivated begonias whose parentage is unresolved?", "Which taxonomic authority should resolve accepted names, authorship, publication dates and disagreements among GBIF, NCBI and botanical references?", "Which identification keys and cultivar references adequately cover the plants expected in this registry, especially sterile specimens and complex hybrids?", "Which taxon-specific sources establish environmental tolerances, dormancy behaviour and propagation fidelity without generalising across the genus?", "Which subordinate taxa have current conservation assessments and verified native-range evidence, and where do assessment or provenance gaps remain?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Begonia, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a Begonia taxon or plant, assess its condition and growing context, and choose appropriate care, propagation or conservation actions without treating all begonias alike.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Begonia, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Begonia from another, and a Begonia from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Begonia sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Begonia from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Begonia is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Begonia and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Begonia is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Begonia is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Begonia is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Begonia moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Begonia passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Begonia between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Begonia, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Begonia is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Begonia is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Begonia, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Begonia from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Begonia from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Begonia does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Begonia pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Begonia judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Begonia lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Begonia, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Begonia hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Begonia came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Begonia and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Begonia is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Begonia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Begonia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Begonia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }