{ "model": { "rank": 3700, "code": "thing-q159323", "model_id": "vr.tr.wels-catfish", "name": "wels catfish", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise wels catfish, assess an individual or population in its ecological context, and determine which interventions require further evidence or local authorisation.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q159323/", "tier": 2, "score": 83, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 83, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q159323", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159323", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:55:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 26.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5c-5f05-7820-b16a-a01f3fa2e00c\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: wels catfish\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 re", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 91.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5c-5f34-7653-8275-56ba120d063c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: wels catfish\nRegistry id: vr.tr.wels-catfish\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q159323", "registryId": "vr.tr.wels-catfish", "name": "wels catfish", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q159323/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.wels-catfish", "name": "wels catfish", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise wels catfish, assess an individual or population in its ecological context, and determine which interventions require further evidence or local authorisation.", "definition": "The wels catfish, Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758, is a large, scaleless freshwater fish species in the family Siluridae, native to substantial parts of central and eastern Europe and western Asia, distinguished by a broad flattened head, six barbels and a long anal fin.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species-level concept wels catfish, Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758, registered as vr.tr.wels-catfish in PHY / PHY.LIV, and the distinctions needed to attach observations to its populations and individuals. The name and authority are supported by [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/es/species/2337607).", "in_scope": [ "Taxonomic identity, diagnostic morphology and identification confidence", "Individual life stage, sex, size, reproductive condition and health", "Population identity, recruitment and connectivity", "Habitat use, drainage-level distribution and native or introduced provenance", "Predatory interactions, conservation assessments and evidence needed for management" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other catfish species and the general model of catfishes", "Processed catfish meat, food products and food-safety certification", "Fishing equipment, angling activities and fisheries businesses", "Whole freshwater ecosystems and their complete food webs", "Aquaculture facilities and their operating systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Inspect the underside of the head for two pairs of chin barbels; record their positions and visibility rather than identifying the fish from whiskers alone. [FishBase](https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Silurus-glanis.html)", "Check for a very long anal fin approaching the tail together with a small dorsal fin; an eel-like outline alone is insufficient. [FishBase](https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Silurus-glanis.html)", "Verify the combination of scaleless skin, a broad flattened head and absence of an adipose fin; no single feature establishes the species. [FishBase](https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Silurus-glanis.html)", "Inspect the rounded or truncate tail as part of the full character combination, and require a regional identification key when another Silurus species is plausible. [FishBase](https://www.fishbase.se/summary/Silurus-glanis.html)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Accepted scientific name, authority, family, GBIF taxon identifier, NCBI taxonomy identifier and dated source", "why_it_matters": "Connects observations to the intended species while exposing database disagreements." }, { "name": "Observation subject", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Species concept | drainage population | sampled group | identified individual | unidentified occurrence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a species assessment from being mistaken for the condition of one fish." }, { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unconfirmed | probable | confirmed; evidence and identification method required", "why_it_matters": "Separates suggestive photographs or environmental DNA detections from adequately supported identification." }, { "name": "Total length", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cm; measurement method, date and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports growth and handling assessments without treating size as a reliable substitute for age." }, { "name": "Body mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg; measured or estimated, with method and date", "why_it_matters": "Supports condition assessment and planning for handling a potentially large fish." }, { "name": "Life stage and reproductive condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Egg | larva | juvenile | adult | unknown; immature | developing | spawning | spent | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes survival, growth and recruitment evidence." }, { "name": "Sex determination", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Female | male | undetermined; method and confidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents unsupported inference from body size or external appearance." }, { "name": "Population origin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Native | introduced | uncertain; drainage, evidence and reference period", "why_it_matters": "Makes origin local and historical rather than assigning one status to the species everywhere." }, { "name": "Occupied-water conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C, dissolved oxygen in mg/L, depth in m and salinity with stated unit; time and location", "why_it_matters": "Relates occupancy and individual stress to measured conditions without inventing universal tolerance limits." }, { "name": "Population persistence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Detection only | repeated occupancy | reproduction evidenced | recruitment evidenced | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates a released or transient fish from a self-sustaining population." }, { "name": "Conservation assessment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Assessment body, category, assessment year, geographic scope and source", "why_it_matters": "Keeps global extinction risk distinct from regional decline and introduced-population management." } ], "affordances": [ "Evaluate an identification using diagnostic photographs, a regional key or appropriately validated molecular evidence.", "Attach measured size, condition and reproductive observations to an individual without generalising them to the species.", "Locate an occurrence within a drainage and investigate native, introduced or uncertain origin.", "Assess whether repeated detections demonstrate occupancy, reproduction or successful recruitment.", "Investigate predation and ecological effects using local evidence and explicit alternative explanations.", "Determine the evidence, expertise and current local permissions needed before capture, sampling, movement, release or removal." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "species-identity", "name": "Species identity", "description": "Establishes which catfish taxon and observational subject a record concerns.", "rationale": "The common name must resolve to a species without collapsing individuals, populations and related catfishes.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxonomic-anchor", "name": "Taxonomic anchor", "description": "Connects the registry concept to named taxonomic authorities.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-name-and-identifiers", "name": "Accepted name and identifiers", "description": "Use Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 as the verified name anchor; record each database identifier with its taxonomic source and version. [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/es/species/2337607)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which taxonomic source establishes the accepted name, authority and placement in Siluridae?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accepted-name-and-identifiers-q01" }, { "text": "Which GBIF and NCBI identifiers resolve to this species, and do either represent a synonym or a different taxonomic treatment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accepted-name-and-identifiers-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnostic-evidence", "name": "Diagnostic evidence", "description": "Makes identification reviewable from observed characters.", "findings": [ { "id": "catfish-character-combination", "name": "Catfish character combination", "description": "Assess chin barbels, fin arrangement, skin and head shape together, retaining missing or obscured characters as uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are the two pairs of chin barbels and the full dorsal, anal and tail-fin arrangement visible?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "catfish-character-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Which locally plausible catfish species remain unexcluded, and what additional view or test would distinguish them?", "kind": "action", "id": "catfish-character-combination-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "individual-development", "name": "Individual development", "description": "Records growth, life stage and reproductive evidence for individual wels catfish.", "rationale": "Large size, maturity and age must remain separate judgments, and sex requires an explicit determination method.", "layers": [ { "id": "growth-and-condition", "name": "Growth and condition", "description": "Interprets measurements in relation to individual history.", "findings": [ { "id": "size-without-age-assumption", "name": "Size without age assumption", "description": "Keep length, mass, age estimates and health observations distinct; retain capture and measurement conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What total length and mass were measured, by which methods and with what uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "size-without-age-assumption-q01" }, { "text": "Is age supported by a validated ageing method or known history, rather than inferred from impressive size?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "size-without-age-assumption-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reproductive-state", "name": "Reproductive state", "description": "Distinguishes sex, maturity, spawning activity and offspring stages.", "findings": [ { "id": "sex-and-spawning-evidence", "name": "Sex and spawning evidence", "description": "Require evidence for sex and maturity, and distinguish observed spawning or nest attendance from assumed reproductive behaviour.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were sex and reproductive condition determined, and which external dimorphisms are validated for this life stage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "sex-and-spawning-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What observations establish spawning, eggs, larvae or nest attendance at this location and date?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "sex-and-spawning-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "drainage-and-habitat", "name": "Drainage and habitat", "description": "Places occurrences within connected waters and a documented distribution history.", "rationale": "A country-level occurrence cannot establish native status, accessible habitat or population connectivity.", "layers": [ { "id": "range-provenance", "name": "Range provenance", "description": "Separates historical range, introductions and uncertain records.", "findings": [ { "id": "native-or-introduced-population", "name": "Native or introduced population", "description": "Assign origin to a defined drainage population using dated evidence; keep introduced status separate from demonstrated ecological harm.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which historical records establish whether wels catfish is native to this drainage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "native-or-introduced-population-q01" }, { "text": "Could this occurrence reflect stocking, escape, dispersal through a new connection or identification error?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "native-or-introduced-population-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "occupied-habitat", "name": "Occupied habitat", "description": "Relates detections to water conditions, shelter and connectivity.", "findings": [ { "id": "habitat-use-and-access", "name": "Habitat use and access", "description": "Record the conditions actually occupied and the routes connecting feeding, refuge and potential spawning areas.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature, oxygen, depth, flow and shelter conditions accompanied the observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "habitat-use-and-access-q01" }, { "text": "Which barriers or waterway connections constrain movement between occupied and potential reproductive habitats?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "habitat-use-and-access-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-and-predation", "name": "Population and predation", "description": "Assesses persistence and feeding relationships without extrapolating from isolated observations.", "rationale": "Detection of a large predator does not establish recruitment, abundance or a causal ecosystem effect.", "layers": [ { "id": "population-establishment", "name": "Population establishment", "description": "Distinguishes presence from a reproducing and recruiting population.", "findings": [ { "id": "recruitment-and-detection", "name": "Recruitment and detection", "description": "Evaluate size classes, juvenile survival and survey effort alongside stocking history and repeated detections.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence distinguishes locally produced juveniles from stocked fish?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "recruitment-and-detection-q01" }, { "text": "How do sampling gear, effort, season and habitat coverage affect estimated abundance and apparent absence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "recruitment-and-detection-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "feeding-effects", "name": "Feeding effects", "description": "Connects prey evidence to effects at the appropriate scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "diet-versus-population-impact", "name": "Diet versus population impact", "description": "Separate a recorded prey item from a recurring dietary pattern and from a demonstrated effect on prey populations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which prey are supported by direct observation, stomach contents or other validated dietary evidence for this population and size class?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "diet-versus-population-impact-q01" }, { "text": "What comparison or time series distinguishes effects of wels catfish predation from habitat change, fishing and other predators?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diet-versus-population-impact-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "conservation-and-intervention", "name": "Conservation and intervention", "description": "Connects population evidence to conservation interpretation and proposed handling or management.", "rationale": "The appropriate response depends on locality, origin, population condition and the specific intervention.", "layers": [ { "id": "assessment-scope", "name": "Assessment scope", "description": "Keeps global, regional and local judgments attributable and separate.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-conservation-assessment", "name": "Dated conservation assessment", "description": "Record an IUCN category only with its assessment year and source, alongside independently sourced regional assessments.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the latest verified IUCN assessment category and assessment year for Silurus glanis?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-conservation-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Does the focal population have a different regional conservation assessment or introduced-species designation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "dated-conservation-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-management", "name": "Handling and management", "description": "Makes a proposed intervention specific enough to assess.", "findings": [ { "id": "intervention-readiness", "name": "Intervention readiness", "description": "Evaluate capture, sampling, transport, release or removal against fish size and condition, local rules and the intended population outcome.", "questions": [ { "text": "What current rules apply to the proposed action at this water body, including any restrictions on transport or release?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "What expertise, equipment and welfare measures are required for the observed size and condition, and how will the outcome be checked?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge, with no sources consulted; verify exact GBIF and NCBI identifiers.", "Check the current IUCN category and assessment year, regional conservation assessments and applicable fishing or stocking rules.", "Check native-range boundaries and locally representative adult sizes; no formal subspecies or varieties are asserted here." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of wels catfish this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Zoological scientific name", "value_or_pattern": "Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758", "note": "Names the species, not an individual fish or a local population." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxon identifier", "note": "The exact key requires verification against the GBIF taxonomic backbone." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy ID", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxonomy identifier", "note": "The exact species identifier is not confidently recalled." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of wels catfish this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, maintained by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, governs the species name." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of wels catfish this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Commercial and subsistence freshwater fishing.", "Recreational angling, particularly for large specimens.", "Aquaculture for food production.", "Research on large freshwater predators and introduced-species effects." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of wels catfish this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Adult total length", "typical_range": "Approximately 1-2 for many mature fish; size varies strongly with age and habitat, and exceptional individuals exceed this range", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Number of barbels", "typical_range": "6: two long upper-jaw barbels and four shorter lower-jaw barbels", "unit": "barbels" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of wels catfish this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Introduced populations can alter food webs through predation on native animals.", "Movement or stocking of live fish can establish populations outside the native range.", "Habitat degradation, pollution and disrupted river connectivity can affect local populations.", "Large individuals can be difficult to handle safely during capture and release." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of wels catfish this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Native across substantial parts of central and eastern Europe and western Asia; precise native boundaries need checking.", "Introduced populations occur in parts of western and southern Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula.", "Growth, diet and reproductive timing vary with temperature, prey availability and local habitat." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of wels catfish this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Catfish", "difference": "Catfish denotes the broader order Siluriformes; wels catfish is one species within it." }, { "name": "European eel", "difference": "Anguilla anguilla is an anguilliform fish without the wels catfish's six barbels and broad, flattened head." }, { "name": "Wels catfish population", "difference": "A population comprises members of the species in a particular area; its abundance or introduced status does not describe the species everywhere." }, { "name": "Wels catfish meat", "difference": "Meat is a food material derived from individual fish, not the living organism or species taxon." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of wels catfish this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which current GBIF taxonomic treatment and NCBI taxonomy identifier should anchor this registry entry, and how should identifier changes be tracked?", "What is the latest verified IUCN category and assessment year, and which regional assessments materially differ?", "Which drainage-level sources reliably delimit native range and distinguish historical introductions from subsequent natural dispersal?", "Which sex-determination methods, external dimorphisms, maturity estimates and spawning requirements are sufficiently validated for the relevant populations?", "Which local studies establish recruitment, environmental limits and predation effects strongly enough to support management decisions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a wels catfish, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise wels catfish, assess an individual or population in its ecological context, and determine which interventions require further evidence or local authorisation.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 83 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a wels catfish, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 83 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one wels catfish from another, and a wels catfish from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a wels catfish sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a wels catfish from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a wels catfish is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a wels catfish and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a wels catfish is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a wels catfish is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a wels catfish is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a wels catfish moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a wels catfish passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a wels catfish between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a wels catfish, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a wels catfish is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What wels catfish is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of wels catfish, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate wels catfish from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish wels catfish from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What wels catfish does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does wels catfish pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of wels catfish judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where wels catfish lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of wels catfish, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does wels catfish hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a wels catfish came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a wels catfish and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a wels catfish is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a wels catfish, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a wels catfish, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a wels catfish is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }