{ "model": { "rank": 3812, "code": "thing-q159532", "model_id": "vr.tr.betel", "name": "betel", "purpose": "Help an agent identify betel, assess a living plant or population, and choose cultivation, propagation or harvesting actions appropriate to its identity, condition and intended use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q159532/", "tier": 2, "score": 81, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 81, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.betel", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q159532", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159532", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T18:49:56Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08780-423a-73d2-bd17-a45ee906f661\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: betel\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registered", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 72.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08780-42ce-7590-84fa-ccd67a3b02d8\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: betel\nRegistry id: vr.tr.betel\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q159532", "registryId": "vr.tr.betel", "name": "betel", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q159532/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.betel", "name": "betel", "purpose": "Help an agent identify betel, assess a living plant or population, and choose cultivation, propagation or harvesting actions appropriate to its identity, condition and intended use.", "definition": "Betel (Piper betle L., described in 1753) is a perennial evergreen climbing plant in the pepper family, Piperaceae, cultivated chiefly for its aromatic leaves, which are used as wrappers in betel quid.", "scope_statement": "This model provisionally interprets vr.tr.betel as the living betel vine, Piper betle, distinguishing the taxon from individual plants, cultivated populations and harvested leaves; the registry's intended sense remains to be confirmed.", "in_scope": [ "Taxonomic identity, identification evidence and cultivar or accession identity", "Individual vines, rooted cuttings, cultivated stands and their life stages", "Growing conditions, climbing support and geographic establishment", "Vegetative growth, reproductive expression, propagation and plant health", "Leaf production and harvest effects on the living plant" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Areca palms and areca nuts, including products called betel nut", "Betel quid recipes, preparation and finished chewing products", "Clinical effects of chewing mixtures or medicinal preparations", "Extracts, isolated chemicals and manufactured products", "Commercial grading, storage and sale of detached leaves" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Resolve the name to Piper betle using botanical identification evidence; the word betel alone does not distinguish the vine from a chewing preparation.", "Distinguish the leafy climbing vine from the palm that supplies areca nuts; an areca nut is not a fruit harvested from the betel vine.", "Use a combination of climbing habit, node-rooting behaviour, leaf arrangement, venation and reproductive structures when available; a heart-shaped leaf alone is insufficient identification.", "Check similar Piper plants against an appropriate botanical key rather than identifying betel from leaf aroma or culinary use alone.", "Separate a living rooted plant from a detached leaf or unrooted cutting before assigning growth, survival or propagation status." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic determination", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Accepted taxon, authority, reference identifier, determination evidence and confidence", "why_it_matters": "Anchors the common name to a botanical identity and prevents confusion with areca or other Piper species." }, { "name": "Biological unit", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Taxon | individual vine | rooted cutting | cultivated stand | population", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a statement about a species or planting from being applied automatically to one plant." }, { "name": "Cultivar and propagation lineage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Documented cultivar or local name, accession, mother plant and propagation history; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Supports traceability without treating local names or similar leaves as proof of shared identity." }, { "name": "Establishment and production stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Rooting | establishing | vegetative | flowering | fruiting | declining; leaf-harvest status recorded separately", "why_it_matters": "Separates readiness for propagation or harvest from reproductive maturity." }, { "name": "Climbing support and attachment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Support type, attachment condition and unsupported shoot extent", "why_it_matters": "Makes training and support needs explicit when assessing vine stability and growth." }, { "name": "Root-zone water condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Dry | adequately moist | saturated | uncertain, with observation method and time", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish water-management problems before recommending irrigation." }, { "name": "Light and thermal exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Light measurement with method; air temperature in °C; duration and timing of exposure", "why_it_matters": "Allows local growing conditions to be compared with observed leaf performance." }, { "name": "Leaf production and removal", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Leaves produced and harvested per identified vine per stated interval", "why_it_matters": "Connects harvesting decisions to replacement growth and retained foliage." }, { "name": "Plant health evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed symptoms, affected organs, severity, progression and diagnostic confidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports investigation without converting a symptom into an unsupported pest or disease diagnosis." }, { "name": "Geographic occurrence status", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Cultivated | escaped | naturalized | native | uncertain, with location and evidence", "why_it_matters": "Separates planting records from evidence about native range and wild populations." } ], "affordances": [ "Document an identification and request botanical verification when evidence is insufficient.", "Trace a cutting or planted vine to its source and assess its suitability for propagation.", "Adjust support, shade and watering using observed conditions and locally supported cultivation guidance.", "Monitor leaf replacement and plant condition to decide whether to harvest or allow recovery.", "Investigate declining growth or damaged leaves and select diagnostic or containment steps.", "Record cultivated and potentially spontaneous occurrences without automatically declaring native or invasive status." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "betel-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Betel identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes which organism and biological unit the name betel denotes.", "rationale": "Betel terminology can refer to a vine, its leaves or a chewing preparation involving a different plant.", "layers": [ { "id": "botanical-determination", "name": "Botanical determination", "description": "Connects an observed plant to a defensible taxonomic identification.", "findings": [ { "id": "piper-betle-identification", "name": "Piper betle identification", "description": "Record the proposed identification and evidence sufficient to distinguish similar Piper plants.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which accepted botanical name, author citation and taxonomic reference support this identification?", "kind": "definition", "id": "piper-betle-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed vegetative or reproductive characters distinguish this plant from locally similar Piper species?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "piper-betle-identification-q02" }, { "text": "Who determined the identity, from what specimen or images, and with what confidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "piper-betle-identification-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "organism-and-product-separation", "name": "Organism and product separation", "description": "Keeps the living vine distinct from plant material and associated products.", "findings": [ { "id": "betel-referent", "name": "Betel referent", "description": "Identify whether a record concerns a taxon, living vine, stand or material removed from a plant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe the betel taxon, an individual rooted vine or a defined group of plants?", "kind": "definition", "id": "betel-referent-q01" }, { "text": "Does a reference to betel actually concern detached leaves, areca nuts or a prepared quid that belongs in a neighbouring model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "betel-referent-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "lineage-and-propagation", "name": "Lineage and propagation", "description": "Tracks planting identity, establishment and evidence of reproductive capacity.", "rationale": "A cultivated vine's source and propagation history affect what can be inferred about its identity and planting suitability.", "layers": [ { "id": "planting-material-lineage", "name": "Planting material lineage", "description": "Connects cuttings and rooted plants to documented source plants.", "findings": [ { "id": "cutting-source-and-establishment", "name": "Cutting source and establishment", "description": "Record lineage and distinguish a viable established plant from recently collected propagation material.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which mother plant or supplier supplied this cutting, and what supports its cultivar or local-name identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "cutting-source-and-establishment-q01" }, { "text": "What root development, new growth and survival observations demonstrate establishment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cutting-source-and-establishment-q02" }, { "text": "What inspection and rooting conditions are needed before this material is planted out or distributed?", "kind": "action", "id": "cutting-source-and-establishment-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-reproduction", "name": "Development and reproduction", "description": "Separates vegetative production from observed reproductive expression.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-evidence", "name": "Reproductive evidence", "description": "Record flowering, reproductive structures and any evidence of fruit or viable seed without inferring them from plant age.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which growth and reproductive stages have actually been observed in this vine or accession?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports a recorded sex or reproductive role, and is it attached to an individual rather than assumed for the entire planting?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reproductive-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Is the next generation intended to come from cuttings or seed, and what evidence supports the feasibility of that route?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproductive-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growing-site-and-range", "name": "Growing site and range", "description": "Connects vine performance to its immediate environment and the provenance of geographic records.", "rationale": "A managed planting environment and a species' native distribution answer different questions and require different evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "vine-microenvironment", "name": "Vine microenvironment", "description": "Records support, exposure and root-zone conditions relevant to a climbing leaf crop.", "findings": [ { "id": "support-shade-and-water", "name": "Support, shade and water", "description": "Assess the physical conditions surrounding the vine before prescribing cultivation changes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What support does the vine climb, and where are shoots detached, crowded or unsupported?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "support-shade-and-water-q01" }, { "text": "What light exposure, temperature and root-zone moisture or drainage conditions accompany the observed growth?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "support-shade-and-water-q02" }, { "text": "Which support, shade or watering adjustment is justified by these observations and applicable local guidance?", "kind": "action", "id": "support-shade-and-water-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "occurrence-and-conservation-context", "name": "Occurrence and conservation context", "description": "Distinguishes cultivation records from evidence of spontaneous occurrence and conservation status.", "findings": [ { "id": "geographic-status-evidence", "name": "Geographic status evidence", "description": "Attach geographic and conservation claims to a defined area, biological unit and dated source.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this occurrence planted, escaped, naturalized or considered native, and what evidence supports that classification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "geographic-status-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which assessment, jurisdiction and year support any conservation status, and does it concern the taxon or a particular population?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "geographic-status-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "vine-health-and-recovery", "name": "Vine health and recovery", "description": "Structures investigation of leaf damage, wilting and impaired growth.", "rationale": "Symptoms affecting harvestable leaves can originate in foliage, roots, planting material or growing conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "symptom-localization", "name": "Symptom localization", "description": "Describes damage and its progression before assigning a cause.", "findings": [ { "id": "leaf-and-vine-symptom-pattern", "name": "Leaf and vine symptom pattern", "description": "Relate leaf symptoms to stem, node and root observations and their distribution across the planting.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaves, nodes, stems or roots are affected, and how quickly is the condition progressing?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "leaf-and-vine-symptom-pattern-q01" }, { "text": "Does the pattern follow shared cutting sources, wet areas, exposure gradients or contact between vines?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "leaf-and-vine-symptom-pattern-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes a suspected organism from water stress, physical damage or another noninfectious cause?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "leaf-and-vine-symptom-pattern-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-follow-up", "name": "Intervention and follow-up", "description": "Connects a health response to diagnostic confidence and subsequent plant performance.", "findings": [ { "id": "health-response-decision", "name": "Health response decision", "description": "Choose an evidence-supported response and define how recovery or continued decline will be recognized.", "questions": [ { "text": "Should this vine be sampled, isolated from propagation stock, given a cultivation adjustment or referred for diagnosis?", "kind": "action", "id": "health-response-decision-q01" }, { "text": "What change in new leaves, lesion progression or vine growth will be checked, and over what interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "health-response-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "leaf-harvest-and-plant-continuity", "name": "Leaf harvest and plant continuity", "description": "Models removal of leaves as an intervention in a living vine.", "rationale": "Leaf yield must be interpreted alongside retained foliage, replacement growth and the identity of the harvested source.", "layers": [ { "id": "harvest-readiness", "name": "Harvest readiness", "description": "Assesses which leaves may be removed and whether the plant can sustain harvesting.", "findings": [ { "id": "leaf-selection-and-retention", "name": "Leaf selection and retention", "description": "Link leaf selection to intended use and the vine's capacity to maintain growth.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaf maturity, size and condition criteria define harvest readiness for the intended use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "leaf-selection-and-retention-q01" }, { "text": "How many suitable leaves and actively growing shoots will remain after the proposed harvest?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "leaf-selection-and-retention-q02" }, { "text": "Should harvesting proceed, be reduced or pause based on establishment, recent removal and current plant condition?", "kind": "action", "id": "leaf-selection-and-retention-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvest-record-and-handoff", "name": "Harvest record and handoff", "description": "Preserves source traceability while separating plant management from detached-leaf handling.", "findings": [ { "id": "harvest-origin-and-regrowth", "name": "Harvest origin and regrowth", "description": "Record what was removed, where it came from and how the source vine subsequently performed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which identified vines supplied the leaves, on what date, and what relevant treatment history accompanies them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "harvest-origin-and-regrowth-q01" }, { "text": "How does new leaf production compare with removal over the recorded harvest interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "harvest-origin-and-regrowth-q02" }, { "text": "At what point does responsibility transfer to a detached-leaf or preparation model for handling, grading and use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "harvest-origin-and-regrowth-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The intended sense is inferred to be the species Piper betle; the registry supplied no definition.", "Verify native range separately from its extensive cultivated distribution, and check any IUCN assessment and assessment year before assigning conservation status.", "Verify species-specific database identifiers, cultivar classification and reproductive details; this account is recalled knowledge, not source-checked research." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of betel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical scientific name", "value_or_pattern": "Piper betle L.", "note": "L. identifies Linnaeus as the author of the name; this denotes a species, not a cultivar or individual plant." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxon identifier", "note": "The species-specific identifier requires verification." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy ID", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxonomy identifier", "note": "The species-specific identifier requires verification." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of betel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, maintained through the International Botanical Congress, governs the botanical name." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of betel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Leaves serve as wrappers for betel quid, commonly containing areca nut and slaked lime.", "Leaves are used in ceremonial offerings and hospitality traditions in South and Southeast Asia.", "Plants are cultivated commercially for leaf harvest and commonly propagated by stem cuttings." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of betel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Waterlogging and poor drainage can promote root and foot rot in cultivation.", "Confusing betel leaves with areca nuts misidentifies both the botanical material and the ingredients of chewing preparations.", "Properties of a mixed betel quid cannot automatically be attributed to the betel plant or leaf alone." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of betel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cultivated forms differ in leaf size, shape, pungency and aroma; local cultivar names require reconciliation.", "Betel-quid ingredients and ceremonial uses vary across South and Southeast Asia." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of betel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Areca palm (Areca catechu)", "difference": "A palm producing the seed commonly called betel nut; betel is a pepper-family climber supplying leaves." }, { "name": "Betel quid", "difference": "A prepared mixture for chewing, rather than a plant species." }, { "name": "Black pepper (Piper nigrum)", "difference": "A distinct species principally cultivated for its fruits, which yield peppercorns." }, { "name": "Piper sarmentosum", "difference": "A distinct edible-leaved species sometimes called wild betel; that common name does not establish identity with Piper betle." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of betel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the originating registry record unambiguously denote Piper betle, and what accepted authority citation, GBIF identifier and NCBI taxonomy identifier should anchor it?", "Which native-range claims are supported by botanical evidence, and which reflect longstanding cultivation or naturalization?", "Is there an applicable IUCN assessment, and what assessment date, scope and status does it actually report?", "Which cultivar distinctions, reproductive traits and diagnostic characters are sufficiently documented to support identification beyond the species level?", "Which regional evidence establishes suitable growing conditions, important health problems and sustainable leaf-harvest practices for the intended cultivation setting?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 34 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a betel, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Help an agent identify betel, assess a living plant or population, and choose cultivation, propagation or harvesting actions appropriate to its identity, condition and intended use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 81 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a betel, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 81 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one betel from another, and a betel from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a betel sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a betel from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a betel is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a betel and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a betel is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a betel is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a betel is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a betel moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a betel passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a betel between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a betel, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a betel is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What betel is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of betel, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate betel from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish betel from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What betel does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does betel pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of betel judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where betel lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of betel, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does betel hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a betel came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a betel and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a betel is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a betel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a betel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a betel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }