{ "model": { "rank": 4623, "code": "thing-q159653", "model_id": "vr.tr.absolute-magnitude", "name": "absolute magnitude", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise, interpret, compare and derive astronomical absolute magnitudes while preserving the reference geometry, photometric convention and uncertainty that make each value meaningful.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q159653/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q159653", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159653", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:38:52Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e4-1d35-74e1-bbc3-80ffb8100cc3\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: absolute magnitude\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: XCT.QLT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e4-1d3c-73f2-9071-10724b05cbf1\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: absolute magnitude\nRegistry id: vr.tr.absolute-magnitude\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.QLT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this en" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q159653", "registryId": "vr.tr.absolute-magnitude", "name": "absolute magnitude", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q159653/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.absolute-magnitude", "name": "absolute magnitude", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise, interpret, compare and derive astronomical absolute magnitudes while preserving the reference geometry, photometric convention and uncertainty that make each value meaningful.", "definition": "Absolute magnitude is an astronomical logarithmic brightness measure defined as the apparent magnitude an object would have under specified reference conditions: ordinarily at 10 parsecs without intervening extinction for stars and other luminous sources, or at specified illumination and viewing geometry for reflecting Solar System bodies.", "scope_statement": "This model owns absolute magnitude as an astronomical logarithmic brightness quantity under vr.tr.absolute-magnitude in XCT / XCT.QLT, including the 10-parsec convention and the distinct Solar System H convention; it excludes mathematical absolute value.", "in_scope": [ "Reference geometry distinguishing 10-parsec absolute magnitude from Solar System H", "Passband, magnitude system, zero point and bolometric coverage", "Derivation from observations with distance, extinction and applicable spectral or phase corrections", "Association with a source, component, epoch and brightness statistic", "Uncertainty, comparability and conditions for downstream inference" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Mathematical absolute value, vector norm and generic measures of size", "Apparent magnitude and raw photometry as independently modelled observations", "Luminosity, irradiance and spectral energy distributions as physical quantities", "Stellar evolution, galaxy structure and asteroid composition", "Distance determination, orbital dynamics and cosmological models themselves" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A value qualifies through a declared reference geometry; apparent magnitude instead describes brightness at the actual observing geometry.", "The 10-parsec convention and asteroid H use different normalisations and cannot be identified solely by the word absolute.", "Negative values are valid; absolute magnitude is not the nonnegative absolute value of another magnitude.", "A passband absolute magnitude describes brightness within a specified spectral response, whereas bolometric magnitude represents total radiative output.", "An absolute magnitude is a logarithmic quantity whose interpretation requires a zero point; it is not a luminosity in watts." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Absolute magnitude estimate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mag; signed logarithmic value or explicitly directed limit", "why_it_matters": "Carries the brightness estimate without mistaking zero for absence of radiation." }, { "name": "Reference convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "10-parsec M; Solar System H; explicitly documented alternative; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Selects the appropriate normalisation and prevents incompatible values from being combined." }, { "name": "Spectral coverage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named passband with response definition; bolometric", "why_it_matters": "Determines which radiation contributes to the magnitude." }, { "name": "Magnitude calibration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Reference to AB, ST, Vega-based or other documented calibration and its version", "why_it_matters": "Makes offsets and transformations between published values traceable." }, { "name": "Source attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Astronomical object, resolved component, unresolved system or specified aperture", "why_it_matters": "Prevents integrated brightness from being assigned to a single component." }, { "name": "Temporal meaning", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Epoch-specific; peak; phase-specific; mean flux converted to magnitude; mean magnitude", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes estimates that represent different states or averaging procedures." }, { "name": "Correction status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Documented treatment of extinction, rest-frame transformation, phase and bolometric correction; unknown where unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Exposes which effects were removed and which remain in the reported estimate." }, { "name": "Uncertainty representation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Uncertainty in mag, interval with coverage, posterior distribution or limit; systematic terms identified", "why_it_matters": "Supports defensible comparisons and propagation into derived quantities." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a reported magnitude by its reference convention and flag insufficiently specified values.", "Derive an absolute magnitude from linked observations using an explicit correction model.", "Compare brightness estimates after checking passband, calibration, source extent and temporal compatibility.", "Transform between photometric representations when the necessary spectral information and calibration are available.", "Propagate uncertainty into luminosity or conditional asteroid-size estimates.", "Recompute dependent estimates when distance, calibration or phase modelling changes." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "reference-geometry", "name": "Reference geometry", "description": "Establish which astronomical meaning of absolute magnitude a record instantiates.", "rationale": "The same name covers distinct reference conditions that require different derivations.", "layers": [ { "id": "ten-parsec-convention", "name": "Ten-parsec convention", "description": "Identify magnitudes expressed at the standard stellar and extragalactic reference distance.", "findings": [ { "id": "standard-distance-brightness", "name": "Standard-distance brightness", "description": "The conventional stellar absolute magnitude expresses how bright a source would appear at 10 parsecs. [NASA Hubble glossary](https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/multimedia/hubble-glossary/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the reported value explicitly use the 10-parsec convention?", "kind": "definition", "id": "standard-distance-brightness-q01" }, { "text": "What distance estimate and attenuation treatment connect the observed brightness to this reference value?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "standard-distance-brightness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "solar-system-convention", "name": "Solar System convention", "description": "Identify the reference illumination and viewing geometry used for reflected-light magnitudes.", "findings": [ { "id": "asteroid-h-reference", "name": "Asteroid H reference", "description": "CNEOS defines asteroid H using distances of 1 au from both Sun and observer and a phase angle of zero; this is a normalisation convention. [CNEOS H definition](https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/h.html)", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this H value use the asteroid convention, and which passband is specified?", "kind": "definition", "id": "asteroid-h-reference-q01" }, { "text": "Which phase law and observations support extrapolation to zero phase angle?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "asteroid-h-reference-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "spectral-scale", "name": "Spectral scale", "description": "Specify which radiation is represented and how its logarithmic value is calibrated.", "rationale": "Equal numbers do not imply equal brightness when spectral coverage or zero points differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "passband-calibration", "name": "Passband calibration", "description": "Record the spectral response and magnitude-system definition needed for comparison.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-band-magnitude", "name": "Qualified band magnitude", "description": "Require a passband magnitude to retain its filter response, calibration system and relevant release rather than relying on a band letter alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which filter response and magnitude-system calibration define this value?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-band-magnitude-q01" }, { "text": "What spectral information is needed before transforming this value into the comparison catalogue's passband and system?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-band-magnitude-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "bolometric-scale", "name": "Bolometric scale", "description": "Separate total-output magnitudes from measurements restricted to a passband.", "findings": [ { "id": "bolometric-zero-point", "name": "Bolometric zero point", "description": "IAU 2015 Resolution B2 assigns absolute bolometric magnitude zero to luminosity 3.0128e28 W; adopted zero points and bolometric corrections should remain explicit. [IAU Resolution B2](https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.06262)", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the estimate adopt the IAU bolometric zero point or another documented convention?", "kind": "definition", "id": "bolometric-zero-point-q01" }, { "text": "If inferred from a passband, which bolometric correction, sign convention and spectral assumptions were used?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "bolometric-zero-point-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inference-and-source-state", "name": "Inference and source state", "description": "Connect a normalised magnitude to the observations and source state it represents.", "rationale": "Reference-distance normalisation alone does not resolve correction choices, variability or blended sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "derivation-and-corrections", "name": "Derivation and corrections", "description": "Make the path from observed brightness to absolute magnitude inspectable.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproducible-normalisation", "name": "Reproducible normalisation", "description": "Preserve the actual inference equation, input observations and correction choices, including distance and extinction for M or distance geometry and phase treatment for H.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations, distance or geometry inputs, and inference procedure produced the estimate?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproducible-normalisation-q01" }, { "text": "Which extinction, rest-frame or phase corrections were applied, omitted or already included in the inputs?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproducible-normalisation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "source-extent-and-time", "name": "Source extent and time", "description": "Resolve whose brightness is represented and at which state or averaging interval.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-brightness-state", "name": "Attributed brightness state", "description": "Require component or aperture attribution together with epoch, phase or averaging definition so that variable and blended sources remain interpretable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this magnitude belong to an individual component, an unresolved system or flux within a specified aperture?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attributed-brightness-state-q01" }, { "text": "Does the value represent a peak, a particular epoch or phase, averaged flux or averaged magnitudes?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributed-brightness-state-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "comparison-and-inference-limits", "name": "Comparison and inference limits", "description": "Determine which comparisons and derived claims the magnitude supports.", "rationale": "An agent needs conditions for using the value, including uncertainty and assumptions external to brightness.", "layers": [ { "id": "comparison-readiness", "name": "Comparison readiness", "description": "Assess compatibility and evidence quality before ranking or combining estimates.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-comparability", "name": "Qualified comparability", "description": "Treat reference convention, spectral scale, correction status and source state as comparison prerequisites, and preserve shared systematic uncertainties.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are the reference conventions, passbands, zero points, corrections and temporal statistics compatible?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualified-comparability-q01" }, { "text": "Does the estimated brightness difference remain meaningful after random and shared systematic uncertainties are accounted for?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualified-comparability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conditional-physical-inference", "name": "Conditional physical inference", "description": "Separate brightness-derived conclusions from conclusions requiring additional physical information.", "findings": [ { "id": "brightness-does-not-fix-size", "name": "Brightness does not fix size", "description": "Asteroid diameter inference requires albedo as well as H; retain the assumed or measured reflectivity with any size estimate. [CNEOS asteroid size estimator](https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/ast_size_est.html)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which additional quantities are required for the requested luminosity or diameter inference?", "kind": "action", "id": "brightness-does-not-fix-size-q01" }, { "text": "How should uncertainty in bolometric correction or albedo be propagated and disclosed in the derived result?", "kind": "action", "id": "brightness-does-not-fix-size-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry supplies no sense; this description assumes the established astronomical meaning.", "Stellar absolute magnitude and asteroid H use different reference conditions and should not be conflated.", "Comet magnitude conventions require separate treatment; any numerical value also needs its passband, zero-point system, and correction assumptions specified." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of absolute magnitude this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Passband absolute magnitude, measured through a specified photometric filter", "Bolometric absolute magnitude, incorporating radiation across all wavelengths", "Asteroid absolute magnitude H, referenced to heliocentric and observer distances of 1 astronomical unit and zero phase angle" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of absolute magnitude this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Astronomical magnitude notation", "value_or_pattern": "M with a passband subscript, such as M_V; M_bol for bolometric magnitude", "note": "Quantity notation rather than a unique object identifier; the photometric system must also be specified." }, { "scheme": "Minor-planet photometric notation", "value_or_pattern": "H", "note": "Identifies the absolute-magnitude parameter in asteroid phase-function models." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of absolute magnitude this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Astronomical Union Resolution B2 (2015) defines zero points for absolute and apparent bolometric magnitude scales." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of absolute magnitude this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Comparing stellar luminosities after accounting for distance and extinction", "Constructing colour-magnitude diagrams to study stellar populations", "Estimating distances using calibrated standard candles", "Describing galaxy luminosity distributions", "Estimating asteroid sizes when absolute magnitude is combined with an albedo estimate" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of absolute magnitude this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Absolute magnitude", "typical_range": "No universal bounded range; lower and more negative values indicate greater brightness under the reference conditions.", "unit": "mag, a dimensionless logarithmic measure" }, { "quantity": "Magnitude difference for a tenfold luminosity increase in the same photometric system", "typical_range": "-2.5", "unit": "mag" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of absolute magnitude this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Confusing absolute magnitude with apparent magnitude and therefore overlooking distance", "Comparing values from different passbands or zero-point systems as if they measured the same quantity", "Neglecting extinction, distance uncertainty, variability, or unresolved companions", "Treating a passband absolute magnitude as a direct measure of total luminosity without a bolometric correction", "Inferring asteroid diameter from H alone without accounting for albedo and phase-model uncertainty" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of absolute magnitude this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "apparent magnitude", "difference": "Describes brightness at the observer rather than under standardized reference conditions." }, { "name": "luminosity", "difference": "Is emitted power, usually expressed in watts; absolute magnitude expresses brightness logarithmically within a specified band or bolometrically." }, { "name": "absolute value", "difference": "Is a mathematical operation giving a number's nonnegative size; astronomical absolute magnitude can be negative." }, { "name": "distance modulus", "difference": "Is the difference between apparent and absolute magnitude, related to distance and, unless corrected, extinction." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of absolute magnitude this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend both astronomical conventions, or did its source entry specifically identify the 10-parsec sense?", "Which cometary absolute-magnitude conventions need representation here, and how should total-coma and nuclear brightness be distinguished?", "Which catalogue-specific definitions of extinction correction and rest-frame passband must be reconciled before their absolute magnitudes can be compared?", "What evidence thresholds should permit H estimates extrapolated from sparse phase-angle or rotational coverage to support downstream decisions?", "Which source classes require explicit orientation or anisotropic-emission qualifications when absolute magnitude is used to infer luminosity?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a absolute magnitude, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise, interpret, compare and derive astronomical absolute magnitudes while preserving the reference geometry, photometric convention and uncertainty that make each value meaningful.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a absolute magnitude, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one absolute magnitude from another, and a absolute magnitude from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a absolute magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a absolute magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a absolute magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a absolute magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a absolute magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a absolute magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a absolute magnitude sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a absolute magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a absolute magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a absolute magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a absolute magnitude from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a absolute magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a absolute magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a absolute magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a absolute magnitude passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a absolute magnitude between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a absolute magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a absolute magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a absolute magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a absolute magnitude, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a absolute magnitude is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a absolute magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a absolute magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a absolute magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What absolute magnitude is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of absolute magnitude are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is absolute magnitude operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of absolute magnitude and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of absolute magnitude?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as absolute magnitude?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a absolute magnitude came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a absolute magnitude and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a absolute magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a absolute magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a absolute magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a absolute magnitude is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a absolute magnitude, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a absolute magnitude, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a absolute magnitude is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }