{ "model": { "rank": 3986, "code": "thing-q159683", "model_id": "vr.tr.citric-acid", "name": "citric acid", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise citric acid, assess the identity and condition of a particular material, and determine its suitability for a proposed use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q159683/", "tier": 2, "score": 79, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Citric acid-1,5-13C2", "Citric acid-2,4-13C2", "2-Hydroxy(¹³C₃)propane-1,2,3-(¹³C₃)tricarboxylic acid" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 79, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.citric-acid", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q159683", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159683", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:13:40Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 30.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08796-0c18-75d2-8b6d-0308c8272270\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: citric acid\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 67.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08796-0c01-70e3-a0dd-c80439e9d2ad\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: citric acid\nRegistry id: vr.tr.citric-acid\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q159683", "registryId": "vr.tr.citric-acid", "name": "citric acid", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q159683/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.citric-acid", "name": "citric acid", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise citric acid, assess the identity and condition of a particular material, and determine its suitability for a proposed use.", "definition": "Citric acid is a weak, triprotic organic acid with molecular formula C6H8O7 and three carboxyl groups, occurring naturally in organisms and participating through its conjugate base, citrate, in the citric acid cycle.", "scope_statement": "This model owns citric acid as the registered chemical substance vr.tr.citric-acid in PHY / PHY.MAT, including its hydration form, purity, grade, physical state and use-relevant behaviour; it distinguishes the substance from citrate salts, formulations containing it and processes that produce or consume it.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical identity and identifiers qualified by anhydrous or hydrated form", "Composition, assay basis, impurities and documented grade", "Solid-state condition, water content and behaviour in solution", "Acidity, buffering and metal-binding behaviour under specified conditions", "Handling constraints, compatibility and evidence of suitability for a stated use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Citrate salts and citrate esters as independently identified substances", "Complete food, cleaning, cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulations", "Industrial fermentation, recovery and purification process models", "The citric acid cycle and organism-level metabolism", "Clinical treatment decisions and finished-product regulatory authorisation" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identity evidence must support citric acid's molecular composition C6H8O7 and connectivity, rather than merely identifying a sour or acidic material.", "Anhydrous citric acid and citric acid monohydrate must be distinguished through declared form and appropriate water or solid-state evidence; water content alone may include adventitious moisture.", "A material supplied as a citrate salt must be distinguished through counterion identity and composition, rather than treated as another grade of citric acid.", "Citric acid dissolved in water must be distinguished from neat citric acid through solvent content and concentration; solution pH alone does not establish identity or concentration.", "Food, pharmaceutical and technical grades require evidence against their applicable specifications; a shared chemical name does not establish interchangeability." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Chemical identity and identifier mapping", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Verified name, molecular structure, CAS number, PubChem CID and EC number where applicable, each qualified by represented form", "why_it_matters": "Prevents records for hydrates, citrate salts or formulated products from being silently merged." }, { "name": "Hydration form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Anhydrous; monohydrate; mixed or unresolved form", "why_it_matters": "Affects formula mass, assay interpretation and the mass required to supply a specified amount of citric acid." }, { "name": "Citric acid assay", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% mass fraction, with method and as-received, dried or anhydrous reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports valid comparisons and dosing calculations without confusing purity with water correction." }, { "name": "Water content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% mass fraction, with analytical method and sample conditioning", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess hydration, moisture uptake and compliance with the declared form." }, { "name": "Grade and specification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Supplier grade linked to a named specification, edition and lot-specific evidence", "why_it_matters": "Determines which suitability claims are supported for a proposed application." }, { "name": "Impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named analytes in mg/kg or % mass fraction, with methods and detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes material that meets assay requirements from material that also meets use-specific contaminant limits." }, { "name": "Physical presentation and condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Crystals, powder or solution; particle-size distribution where relevant; free-flowing, caked, discoloured or otherwise altered", "why_it_matters": "Influences dissolution, transfer, sampling and the need for investigation before use." }, { "name": "Solution concentration and acidity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g/L, mol/L or % with explicit basis; pH and titratable acidity with temperature and method", "why_it_matters": "Separates the amount of citric acid present from its measured acid behaviour in a particular solution." }, { "name": "Condition-dependent physical properties", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Solubility in g/L or g/100 g solvent; density in kg/m³; thermal transitions in °C, with form, conditions and decomposition observations", "why_it_matters": "Supports dissolution, storage and heating decisions without treating every thermal event as melting or assuming a usable boiling point." }, { "name": "Metal-binding context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Metal species, concentrations, pH, competing ligands and observed or validated binding outcome", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether citrate formation supports the intended sequestration or cleaning effect under actual conditions." }, { "name": "Handling and regulatory classification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Applicable hazard classification, exposure-limit status and use restrictions, qualified by jurisdiction, material form, concentration and source date", "why_it_matters": "Connects handling and permitted-use decisions to the actual material and applicable evidence." } ], "affordances": [ "Verify whether an incoming material is citric acid in its declared hydration form and grade.", "Calculate citric acid content or prepare a target solution using the correct assay and hydration basis.", "Evaluate a lot against the specification required for a proposed use.", "Assess whether stated conditions support acidification, buffering or metal sequestration.", "Select supported storage and handling measures and flag material requiring retesting or quarantine." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "citric-acid-identity", "name": "Citric acid identity", "description": "Establishes which chemical entity and hydration form a record represents.", "rationale": "Citric acid, its hydrate and citrate-containing materials can share informal labels while requiring different interpretation.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-identity", "name": "Molecular identity", "description": "Connects the registered thing to chemical identity evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Identity evidence", "description": "Record the evidence needed to identify citric acid beyond acidity, appearance or a supplier label.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which structure record and analytical identity tests establish that this material is citric acid?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which authoritative records support its identifiers, and what exact chemical form does each identifier represent?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "hydrate-and-citrate-boundaries", "name": "Hydrate and citrate boundaries", "description": "Separates hydration variants from salts and formulated mixtures.", "findings": [ { "id": "represented-material-form", "name": "Represented material form", "description": "Record whether the material is anhydrous acid, monohydrate, a solution or an unresolved material, with explicit salt boundaries.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence distinguishes the declared hydrate from anhydrous citric acid carrying absorbed moisture?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "represented-material-form-q01" }, { "text": "Does the supplied material contain counterions or other ingredients that require a citrate-salt or formulation model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "represented-material-form-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "assay-grade-and-impurities", "name": "Assay, grade and impurities", "description": "Makes compositional quality and application-specific grade claims assessable.", "rationale": "Citric acid assay, hydration and impurity limits jointly determine whether a lot is suitable for use.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-and-water-basis", "name": "Assay and water basis", "description": "Relates measured acid content to water content and reporting conventions.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-acid-content", "name": "Comparable acid content", "description": "Record assay and water results with enough context to calculate and compare actual acid content.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the citric acid assay reported as received, on a dried basis or on an anhydrous basis, and by which method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-acid-content-q01" }, { "text": "How must hydration form, measured water and assay basis be reconciled before calculating a required mass?", "kind": "action", "id": "comparable-acid-content-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-conformance", "name": "Grade conformance", "description": "Tests grade claims against explicit specifications and lot evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-grade-claim", "name": "Supported grade claim", "description": "Record the applicable specification, required impurity checks and evidence supporting the claimed grade.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which specification and edition define this lot's claimed food, pharmaceutical, analytical or technical grade?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-grade-claim-q01" }, { "text": "Which impurity, residue and microbiological requirements apply to the intended use, and which lot results demonstrate compliance?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-grade-claim-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-state-and-stability", "name": "Physical state and stability", "description": "Describes how hydration, particle condition, dissolution and heating affect the material.", "rationale": "A chemically identified lot can still behave differently because of moisture exposure, physical presentation or thermal history.", "layers": [ { "id": "solid-condition", "name": "Solid condition", "description": "Tracks the condition of crystalline or powdered citric acid.", "findings": [ { "id": "moisture-and-particle-condition", "name": "Moisture and particle condition", "description": "Record particle characteristics and observed changes relevant to sampling, flow and dissolution.", "questions": [ { "text": "What particle-size distribution, caking and visible changes characterise the current lot?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "moisture-and-particle-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What storage history and analytical evidence determine whether observed moisture-related changes require retesting?", "kind": "action", "id": "moisture-and-particle-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dissolution-and-thermal-behaviour", "name": "Dissolution and thermal behaviour", "description": "Qualifies solubility and thermal observations by material form and test conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-property-evidence", "name": "Conditioned property evidence", "description": "Record properties that support preparation and temperature-control decisions without conflating dehydration, melting and decomposition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What solubility and dissolution evidence applies to the selected solvent, temperature, hydration form and particle size?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-property-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed thermal events are dehydration, melting or decomposition, and is a boiling-point value meaningful under the stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-property-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "acid-and-citrate-function", "name": "Acid and citrate function", "description": "Connects solution conditions to acidification, buffering and metal binding.", "rationale": "Citric acid's useful behaviour depends on concentration, acid-base state and other substances present.", "layers": [ { "id": "acid-base-behaviour", "name": "Acid-base behaviour", "description": "Distinguishes concentration, measured acidity and buffering requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "acidification-and-buffering", "name": "Acidification and buffering", "description": "Record conditions needed to predict or verify the intended acid-base effect.", "questions": [ { "text": "What concentration, temperature, pH and titratable acidity describe the solution being evaluated?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "acidification-and-buffering-q01" }, { "text": "What validated acid-base data and matrix conditions support the proposed acidification or citrate-buffer preparation?", "kind": "action", "id": "acidification-and-buffering-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "metal-interactions", "name": "Metal interactions", "description": "Characterises context-specific interactions with metal species and contacted materials.", "findings": [ { "id": "sequestration-and-material-response", "name": "Sequestration and material response", "description": "Record whether metal binding produces the intended effect and how contacted materials respond.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which metal species, pH range and competing ligands determine the expected complexation behaviour?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "sequestration-and-material-response-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports the intended cleaning or sequestration effect while establishing compatibility with the contacted material?", "kind": "action", "id": "sequestration-and-material-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-use-eligibility", "name": "Handling and use eligibility", "description": "Links the actual citric acid material to handling requirements and permitted applications.", "rationale": "Handling and use decisions require evidence specific to form, concentration, grade and jurisdiction.", "layers": [ { "id": "exposure-and-storage", "name": "Exposure and storage", "description": "Assesses powder, solution and contact conditions using applicable safety information.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-handling-conditions", "name": "Supported handling conditions", "description": "Record applicable hazard information, exposure controls and storage compatibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current safety source establishes the classification and exposure-limit status for this material and jurisdiction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-handling-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "What controls and storage conditions follow from its powder or solution form, concentration, handling operation and documented incompatibilities?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-handling-conditions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-eligibility", "name": "Application eligibility", "description": "Separates substance-level suitability from approval of a finished product or process.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-evidence", "name": "Use-specific evidence", "description": "Record the evidence needed to accept a citric acid lot for a named application.", "questions": [ { "text": "What grade, traceability and jurisdiction-specific conditions must this material meet for the proposed application?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-specific-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which remaining decisions depend on the finished formulation, manufacturing process or clinical context and therefore belong outside this model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "use-specific-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recall-based information; no sources or current standard editions were consulted.", "Hydration state and grade are independent distinctions; verify water content, assay and impurities for the intended application.", "Check current jurisdiction-specific GHS classifications, exposure limits and additive requirements; thermal values also require confirmation of hydration state and measurement conditions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of citric acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Anhydrous citric acid", "Citric acid monohydrate", "Food-grade citric acid", "Pharmaceutical-grade citric acid", "Reagent-grade citric acid", "Technical-grade citric acid" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of citric acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "77-92-9", "note": "Anhydrous citric acid." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "5949-29-1", "note": "Citric acid monohydrate." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "311", "note": "Citric acid." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "201-069-1", "note": "Citric acid substance identity." }, { "scheme": "Food additive numbering", "value_or_pattern": "E 330 / INS 330", "note": "European E-number and Codex International Numbering System identifier." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of citric acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Food Chemicals Codex, published by USP: citric acid identity and purity specifications.", "United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary, published by USP: compendial specifications for pharmaceutical citric acid.", "European Pharmacopoeia, published by EDQM of the Council of Europe: monographs for anhydrous citric acid and citric acid monohydrate.", "FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives: citric acid food-additive specifications." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of citric acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Acidulant and acidity regulator in foods and beverages.", "Component of citrate buffers used to control solution pH.", "Chelating ingredient in cleaning formulations and descaling products.", "Acid component in effervescent formulations containing bicarbonate or carbonate.", "Pharmaceutical excipient for formulation acidity and taste adjustment." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of citric acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass, anhydrous", "typical_range": "192.12", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Molar mass, monohydrate", "typical_range": "210.14", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Melting temperature, anhydrous", "typical_range": "Approximately 153; decomposition accompanies or follows heating", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Successive acid dissociation constants in dilute aqueous solution near 25 °C", "typical_range": "pKa1 approximately 3.13; pKa2 approximately 4.76; pKa3 approximately 6.40", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "Stoichiometric water content of pure monohydrate", "typical_range": "Approximately 8.57", "unit": "% by mass" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of citric acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Solid material and concentrated solutions can cause substantial eye irritation.", "Airborne dust can irritate the respiratory tract.", "Repeated exposure to acidic solutions can damage susceptible surfaces; compatibility depends on material, concentration and contact time.", "Reaction with carbonates or bicarbonates releases carbon dioxide and can pressurize closed containers.", "Confusing monohydrate with anhydrous material causes errors in mass-based dosing and solution preparation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of citric acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Food-additive labeling may identify citric acid by name, E 330 or INS 330, depending on jurisdiction.", "Food and pharmaceutical acceptability depends on the applicable local specifications and the supplied grade." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of citric acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Citrate", "difference": "Citrate denotes deprotonated forms of citric acid; protonation state depends on solution pH." }, { "name": "Sodium citrate", "difference": "A sodium salt of citric acid, with sodium counterions and properties distinct from the free acid." }, { "name": "Isocitric acid", "difference": "A constitutional isomer with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of the hydroxyl group." }, { "name": "Ascorbic acid", "difference": "Vitamin C is a chemically distinct compound with formula C6H8O6; it is not citric acid." }, { "name": "Lemon juice", "difference": "A biological mixture containing citric acid, water and numerous other constituents." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of citric acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative identifier records should anchor anhydrous citric acid and citric acid monohydrate within this single registry entry?", "Which grade specifications and editions should provide the initial assay, water and impurity acceptance criteria?", "Which measured solubility, acid-dissociation and thermal datasets are sufficiently documented for the intended operating conditions?", "Which jurisdictions and applications must the initial hazard, exposure-limit and permitted-use research cover?", "What evidence should distinguish acceptable caking or hydration changes from changes requiring lot quarantine or retesting?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a citric acid, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise citric acid, assess the identity and condition of a particular material, and determine its suitability for a proposed use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Citric acid-1,5-13C2, Citric acid-2,4-13C2, 2-Hydroxy(¹³C₃)propane-1,2,3-(¹³C₃)tricarboxylic acid.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 79 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a citric acid, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Citric acid-1,5-13C2", "Citric acid-2,4-13C2", "2-Hydroxy(¹³C₃)propane-1,2,3-(¹³C₃)tricarboxylic acid" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 79 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one citric acid from another, and a citric acid from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a citric acid sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a citric acid from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a citric acid is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a citric acid is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a citric acid is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a citric acid is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a citric acid is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a citric acid is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a citric acid passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a citric acid between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a citric acid, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a citric acid is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a citric acid and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a citric acid is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a citric acid performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a citric acid.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a citric acid at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a citric acid there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What citric acid is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name citric acid unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of citric acid exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How citric acid behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of citric acid, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is citric acid incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How citric acid can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is citric acid classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover citric acid, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a citric acid came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a citric acid and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a citric acid is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a citric acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a citric acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a citric acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }