{ "model": { "rank": 3483, "code": "thing-q159857", "model_id": "vr.tr.dama-dama", "name": "Dama dama", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Dama dama, assess individuals and populations in their geographic context, and identify evidence needed for conservation or management decisions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q159857/", "tier": 2, "score": 85, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 85, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q159857", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159857", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:53:02Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 29.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5a-42d0-7f13-b4a0-6f68f612d69c\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Dama dama\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 1001 regist", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 98.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5a-42d9-7ea2-bd3d-0241fbbc07cd\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Dama dama\nRegistry id: vr.tr.dama-dama\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCont" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q159857", "registryId": "vr.tr.dama-dama", "name": "Dama dama", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q159857/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.dama-dama", "name": "Dama dama", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Dama dama, assess individuals and populations in their geographic context, and identify evidence needed for conservation or management decisions.", "definition": "Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758), the European fallow deer, is a species of ruminant mammal in the family Cervidae, distinguished by a relatively long tail, several coat colour morphs and broad, palmate antlers in mature males.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species concept Dama dama, the common or European fallow deer, under vr.tr.dama-dama in PHY / PHY.LIV, and the species-specific evidence connecting that taxon to populations and individual animals.", "in_scope": [ "Accepted taxonomy, authority, identifiers and separation from Persian fallow deer", "Identification accounting for sex, age, coat variation and antler cycle", "Individual development, reproduction, condition and behaviour", "Population distribution, ancestry, introduction history and habitat use", "Population assessment, ecological effects and context-dependent management" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Dama mesopotamica as a separately modelled species", "Generic deer anatomy and ruminant physiology beyond identification or assessment needs", "Venison, hides and detached antlers as products", "Deer farms, parks and hunting organisations as institutions", "Diseases, veterinary procedures and wildlife legislation as independent models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Evaluate mature male antler palmation together with body and tail features; absence of palmation in a female, young animal or animal that has shed its antlers is not exclusion evidence.", "Compare tail length, dorsal tail marking and rump pattern with locally occurring sika, red and roe deer; require multiple visible features rather than a spotted coat alone.", "Treat white, dark and other coat variants as identification complications rather than automatic evidence of another species.", "Resolve Dama dama versus Dama mesopotamica using the adopted taxonomic treatment and diagnostic or ancestry evidence; legacy records may combine them. [Mammal Diversity Database](https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006316/)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758), species in Cervidae; record the taxonomic authority and version. [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/5220136/metrics)", "why_it_matters": "Anchors recognition and prevents records using different species boundaries from being merged silently." }, { "name": "External taxon identifiers", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "GBIF Backbone key 5220136; NCBI Taxonomy ID 30532; retain database and retrieval date. [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/5220136/metrics), [NCBI](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=30532)", "why_it_matters": "Connects occurrence and sequence evidence while preserving the originating taxonomic interpretation." }, { "name": "Biological subject", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Species; geographically defined population; herd observation; identified individual", "why_it_matters": "Keeps conservation assessments, counts and animal condition attached to the correct subject." }, { "name": "Sex and life stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Sex recorded separately from fawn, juvenile or adult stage; unknown permitted; age in months or years with estimation method", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of antlers, body size, reproductive potential and survival." }, { "name": "Coat and antler condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed coat pattern; antlers absent, growing in velvet, hard, casting or recently cast; observation date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents seasonal and individual variation from becoming false species or sex assignments." }, { "name": "Body size and condition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass in kg; shoulder height in cm; body-condition score with named protocol, sex, age and date", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes structural size from changes in nutrition, reproduction or health." }, { "name": "Population origin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Native, introduced, reintroduced or uncertain; free-ranging or captive recorded separately; supporting historical or genetic evidence", "why_it_matters": "A population's management significance cannot be inferred from presence alone." }, { "name": "Abundance and recruitment", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Estimated animals, animals/km² and fawns per observed adult female; survey area, season, method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Makes population trends interpretable despite changing detectability and herd composition." }, { "name": "Conservation assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Reported global category: Least Concern; attach verified IUCN assessment year and taxon scope before treating it as a dated assessment. [Mammal Diversity Database](https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006316/)", "why_it_matters": "Separates global status from the condition and conservation value of a particular population." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess a sighting against sex- and season-aware identification evidence and retain uncertainty.", "Link an individual or herd observation to a defined population without treating the observation as a population census.", "Compare repeat population surveys using compatible methods and seasonal windows.", "Evaluate local browsing, grazing and regeneration evidence alongside fallow deer abundance.", "Flag conservation, welfare or conflict concerns and identify the evidence and local authority needed before intervention." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "taxon-and-recognition", "name": "Taxon and recognition", "description": "Establish which fallow deer concept a record represents and whether observed evidence supports identification.", "rationale": "Older taxonomic treatments and variable appearance can both cause incorrect assignment to Dama dama.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-species-concept", "name": "Accepted species concept", "description": "Bind the registry entry to an explicit nomenclatural and taxonomic treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-taxonomic-crosswalk", "name": "Name and taxonomic crosswalk", "description": "Maintain the accepted name, original combination, authority and external identifiers without assuming that every historical use has the same scope.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authority and version establish Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758) and its placement within Cervidae?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "name-and-taxonomic-crosswalk-q01" }, { "text": "Does each linked record exclude Dama mesopotamica, or does it use an older combined species concept?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "name-and-taxonomic-crosswalk-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "Evaluate observable diagnostic features under the animal's age, sex and seasonal condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "combined-diagnostic-evidence", "name": "Combined diagnostic evidence", "description": "Use antler form, tail and rump markings, body proportions and coat evidence together, recording what was actually visible.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which visible features distinguish this animal from locally present sika, red or roe deer?", "kind": "definition", "id": "combined-diagnostic-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Could age, antler shedding or coat variation explain an apparently missing diagnostic feature?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "combined-diagnostic-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What additional photograph, expert examination or genetic evidence would resolve an uncertain Dama identification?", "kind": "action", "id": "combined-diagnostic-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life cycle and condition", "description": "Interpret an individual fallow deer's development, reproductive state and physical condition.", "rationale": "Sexual dimorphism and seasonal changes make undifferentiated size or antler observations misleading.", "layers": [ { "id": "development-and-antlers", "name": "Development and antlers", "description": "Connect age and sex evidence to body development and antler stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "age-sex-season-context", "name": "Age, sex and seasonal context", "description": "Record age estimates and sex independently, and interpret antler development using local seasonal evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observation supports the animal's sex and life-stage assignment, and how uncertain is it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "age-sex-season-context-q01" }, { "text": "How does the observed antler stage compare with documented timing for this population and hemisphere?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "age-sex-season-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reproduction-and-welfare", "name": "Reproduction and welfare", "description": "Assess rutting, pregnancy, lactation, fawn dependence and condition without confusing behaviour with diagnosis.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-and-condition-evidence", "name": "Reproductive and condition evidence", "description": "Relate reproductive observations and body condition to season, forage and individual history.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations establish reproductive state or fawn dependence rather than merely suggesting it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-and-condition-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does a change in mass or condition fit the animal's reproductive context, or require qualified health assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproductive-and-condition-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes a concealed resting fawn from one needing intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproductive-and-condition-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-origin-and-habitat", "name": "Range, origin and habitat", "description": "Place populations within their geographic, historical and ecological context.", "rationale": "Long histories of human movement make present occurrence an unreliable proxy for native range.", "layers": [ { "id": "population-origin", "name": "Population origin", "description": "Distinguish documented native continuity, ancient introductions and recent releases.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-history-and-ancestry", "name": "Range history and ancestry", "description": "Represent competing origin interpretations explicitly, especially for Anatolian and Mediterranean populations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which historical, archaeological or genetic evidence supports native status at this locality?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "range-history-and-ancestry-q01" }, { "text": "Does the record describe prehistoric distribution, an ancient introduction or a currently established population?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "range-history-and-ancestry-q02" }, { "text": "Are release history and ancestry known well enough to assign this population to a conservation lineage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "range-history-and-ancestry-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "habitat-and-feeding", "name": "Habitat and feeding", "description": "Describe access to forage, cover and movement routes at the scale used by the population.", "findings": [ { "id": "seasonal-resource-use", "name": "Seasonal resource use", "description": "Measure how fallow deer use woodland, open feeding areas and managed landscapes rather than assigning suitability from a habitat label.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which feeding and cover areas are used in each season, and how was use measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seasonal-resource-use-q01" }, { "text": "How do fencing, supplementary feeding and disturbance alter observed movements or concentrations?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seasonal-resource-use-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-dynamics-and-effects", "name": "Population dynamics and effects", "description": "Connect population estimates and social observations to recruitment, survival and ecological effects.", "rationale": "Seasonal aggregation can distort counts, while management requires evidence of actual population trends and impacts.", "layers": [ { "id": "population-demography", "name": "Population demography", "description": "Define the surveyed population and distinguish demographic change from changing observation conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "abundance-and-recruitment-evidence", "name": "Abundance and recruitment evidence", "description": "Retain survey effort, detectability, sex and age composition, and movement uncertainty alongside estimates.", "questions": [ { "text": "What geographic boundary and survey method make this an estimate of a population rather than a count of a visible herd?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "abundance-and-recruitment-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Could rut-related aggregation, sex segregation or movement explain the apparent change in numbers?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "abundance-and-recruitment-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What repeated observations support conclusions about recruitment and survival?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "abundance-and-recruitment-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "vegetation-and-other-species", "name": "Vegetation and other species", "description": "Evaluate locally demonstrated ecological effects and alternative explanations.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-herbivory-effects", "name": "Attributed herbivory effects", "description": "Connect fallow deer activity to vegetation outcomes using evidence that can distinguish other herbivores and environmental pressures.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exclosure, camera or feeding evidence attributes observed vegetation change specifically to fallow deer?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-herbivory-effects-q01" }, { "text": "How do browsing intensity and plant recruitment vary with deer use, other herbivores and site conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributed-herbivory-effects-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "conservation-and-management", "name": "Conservation and management", "description": "Translate taxon and population evidence into locally justified conservation, monitoring or intervention choices.", "rationale": "Global abundance, native lineage conservation and introduced-population impacts can imply different priorities.", "layers": [ { "id": "assessment-scale", "name": "Assessment scale", "description": "Keep global threat classification separate from local population viability and ecological impact.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-conservation-context", "name": "Dated conservation context", "description": "Attach geographic scope, assessment date and species circumscription to every conservation claim.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the verified IUCN assessment year and taxonomic scope supporting the reported global category?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-conservation-context-q01" }, { "text": "Does this population have distinct ancestry, isolation or decline that the global category does not describe?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "dated-conservation-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-decisions", "name": "Intervention decisions", "description": "Evaluate monitoring, habitat measures, containment or population intervention against a defined local objective.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-and-authorised-action", "name": "Justified and authorised action", "description": "Specify the problem, supporting evidence, competent authority and measurable outcome before recommending animal management.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the objective native-population recovery, animal welfare, collision reduction or reduction of demonstrated ecological damage?", "kind": "definition", "id": "justified-and-authorised-action-q01" }, { "text": "Which current local permissions, welfare requirements and disease or ancestry checks apply to the proposed intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-and-authorised-action-q02" }, { "text": "What monitoring would establish whether the intervention achieved its objective and detect unintended effects?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "justified-and-authorised-action-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge, not a source-checked account; exact GBIF and NCBI identifiers remain unverified.", "Verify the current IUCN category and assessment year, native-range boundaries and treatment of Dama mesopotamica before publication.", "The listed kinds are coat colour morphs, not subspecies; measurement ranges are approximate and depend on sex, age and population." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Dama dama this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Common colour morph: typically spotted, especially in summer", "Menil colour morph: pale coat with persistent, conspicuous spotting", "Melanistic colour morph: predominantly dark coat", "White colour morph: pale coat that is not necessarily albinism" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Dama dama this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Zoological nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Dama dama (Linnaeus, 1758)", "note": "Species name and authority; parentheses indicate that the species was originally described in another genus." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxon identifier", "note": "The exact key requires verification against the GBIF taxonomic backbone." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric Taxonomy ID", "note": "The exact identifier requires verification." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Dama dama this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, issued by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, governs the scientific naming of this animal.", "The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria provide the framework for assessing extinction risk; an assessment applies to its stated taxon and geographic scope." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Dama dama this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Managed as a game animal for hunting and venison.", "Kept in deer parks and on deer farms.", "Studied in research on mating systems, sexual selection and ungulate population ecology.", "Managed where browsing affects woodland regeneration, crops or other vegetation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Dama dama this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Adult body mass", "typical_range": "Approximately 30-100, with males generally heavier than females", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Adult shoulder height", "typical_range": "Approximately 75-100", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Gestation duration", "typical_range": "Approximately 7.5-8", "unit": "months" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Dama dama this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Vehicle collisions can injure people and kill deer.", "High local densities can suppress woodland regeneration through browsing and damage crops.", "Males can injure people or other animals with their antlers, particularly during the rut.", "Introduced populations can affect native vegetation and compete with other herbivores." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Dama dama this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Long histories of human transport complicate reconstruction of the native range and the distinction between ancient introductions and native populations.", "Introduced populations occur widely beyond the species' eastern Mediterranean historical range, including in Australia and New Zealand.", "Breeding season timing, body size and coat morph frequencies vary among populations and environments." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Dama dama this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Dama mesopotamica", "difference": "The Persian fallow deer is commonly treated as a separate species; older classifications may place it within Dama dama as a subspecies." }, { "name": "Cervus elaphus", "difference": "Red deer are generally larger, and mature males have branching antlers rather than the broad palmate antlers typical of mature male fallow deer." }, { "name": "A fallow deer population", "difference": "A population comprises animals in a particular place and demographic context; Dama dama denotes the species across populations." }, { "name": "An individual fallow deer", "difference": "An individual has an age, sex and life history; the species includes fawns, juveniles and adults of both sexes." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Dama dama this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "What assessment date and taxonomic circumscription support the current global IUCN listing for Dama dama?", "Which Anatolian and Mediterranean populations have defensible native continuity, and which reflect ancient or recent introductions?", "Which diagnostic evidence reliably separates females and juveniles of Dama dama from Dama mesopotamica and animals of uncertain ancestry?", "What population-specific baselines should be used for reproductive timing, antler cycle, body condition and recruitment?", "Which local impact thresholds and current management rules apply to the population being assessed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 34 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Dama dama, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Dama dama, assess individuals and populations in their geographic context, and identify evidence needed for conservation or management decisions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 85 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Dama dama, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 85 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Dama dama from another, and a Dama dama from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Dama dama sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Dama dama from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Dama dama is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Dama dama and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Dama dama is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Dama dama is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Dama dama is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Dama dama moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Dama dama passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Dama dama between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Dama dama, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Dama dama is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Dama dama is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Dama dama, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Dama dama from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Dama dama from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Dama dama does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Dama dama pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Dama dama judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Dama dama lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Dama dama, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Dama dama hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Dama dama came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Dama dama and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Dama dama is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Dama dama, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Dama dama, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Dama dama is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }