{ "model": { "rank": 3449, "code": "thing-q160649", "model_id": "vr.tr.typhus", "name": "typhus", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the typhus diseases and their vectors, relay symptoms, treatment and prevention from public health sources in general terms, present history with attribution, and distinguish typhus from typhoid fever.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q160649/", "tier": 2, "score": 86, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "scrub typhus", "epidemic typhus", "endemic typhus", "Brill-Zinsser disease", "relapsing epidemic typhus" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 86, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.typhus", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q160649", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160649", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T00:11:44Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q160649", "registryId": "vr.tr.typhus", "name": "typhus", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q160649/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.typhus", "name": "typhus", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the typhus diseases and their vectors, relay symptoms, treatment and prevention from public health sources in general terms, present history with attribution, and distinguish typhus from typhoid fever.", "definition": "A group of infectious diseases caused by Rickettsia and Orientia bacteria transmitted by lice, fleas and mites, including epidemic typhus spread by body lice, endemic or murine typhus spread by fleas, scrub typhus spread by chigger mites, and Brill-Zinsser disease as a late recurrence of epidemic typhus; typhus causes fever, headache and rash, historically killed millions in wars and famines, and is treated with doxycycline.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a group of diseases.", "affordances": [ "explain kinds and vectors", "relay treatment and prevention in general terms", "present history", "distinguish from typhoid" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Vector-borne rickettsial infection", "Fever, headache and rash", "Historical epidemics", "Doxycycline treatment" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a clinical illness with fever and rash.", "visual_identification": [ "Rickettsial diseases spread by lice, fleas and mites", "Epidemic, endemic and scrub typhus", "Typhoid fever is a Salmonella infection; spotted fevers are related rickettsioses" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "scrub typhus annual cases", "typical_range": "about 1 million", "unit": "people", "note": "estimates" }, { "quantity": "epidemic typhus untreated fatality", "typical_range": "about 10-40", "unit": "percent", "note": "historical" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "epidemic typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii, louse-borne", "endemic or murine typhus, Rickettsia typhi, flea-borne", "scrub typhus, Orientia tsutsugamushi, mite-borne", "Brill-Zinsser disease as recrudescence", "sylvatic typhus from flying squirrels" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "primary bacterial infectious disease", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "endemic disease", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is caused by", "target": "Rickettsia", "why": "and Orientia bacteria" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "typhoid fever", "why": "a different disease" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-11", "value_or_pattern": "1C30", "note": "typhus fever" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D014438", "note": "" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "WHO and CDC guidance", "Notifiable disease rules in many countries", "International Health Regulations for epidemic typhus" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing typhus with typhoid", "Delayed treatment", "Agents giving personal medical advice", "Outbreaks in crowding and displacement" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "The diseases.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds and vectors.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What kinds of typhus exist, and how is each transmitted?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about typhus, typhoid or a spotted fever?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "illness", "name": "Illness", "description": "Symptoms and course.", "findings": [ { "id": "illness-finding", "name": "Illness", "description": "Illness.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the symptoms and course, in general terms?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user describing current symptoms, which need a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Treatment and prevention.", "rationale": "Public health.", "layers": [ { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is typhus diagnosed and treated according to guidelines, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "prevention", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Prevention.", "findings": [ { "id": "prevention-finding", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Prevention.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is typhus prevented through vector control and hygiene?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits vector control?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "where", "name": "Where", "description": "Epidemiology.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "distribution", "name": "Distribution", "description": "Distribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "distribution-finding", "name": "Distribution", "description": "Distribution.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where do the typhus diseases occur today, with sources?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "outbreaks", "name": "Outbreaks", "description": "Outbreaks.", "findings": [ { "id": "outbreaks-finding", "name": "Outbreaks", "description": "Outbreaks.", "questions": [ { "text": "When do outbreaks occur, and how are they managed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits outbreak response?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "epidemics", "name": "Epidemics", "description": "Historical epidemics.", "findings": [ { "id": "epidemics-finding", "name": "Epidemics", "description": "Epidemics.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did typhus affect wars, famines and camps, as historians describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific historical event?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "Scientific history.", "findings": [ { "id": "science-finding", "name": "Science", "description": "Science.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were the causes and vectors discovered, including work by Nicolle, Zinsser and others?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of microbiology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should scrub typhus be a separate primary entry?", "How should public health guidance be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming distinct diseases; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a typhus, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the typhus diseases and their vectors, relay symptoms, treatment and prevention from public health sources in general terms, present history with attribution, and distinguish typhus from typhoid fever.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: scrub typhus, epidemic typhus, endemic typhus, Brill-Zinsser disease, relapsing epidemic typhus.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 86 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a typhus, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "scrub typhus", "epidemic typhus", "endemic typhus", "Brill-Zinsser disease", "relapsing epidemic typhus" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 86 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one typhus from another, and a typhus from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a typhus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a typhus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a typhus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a typhus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a typhus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a typhus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a typhus sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a typhus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a typhus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a typhus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a typhus from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a typhus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a typhus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a typhus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a typhus passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a typhus between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a typhus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a typhus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a typhus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a typhus, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a typhus is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a typhus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a typhus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a typhus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What typhus is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of typhus are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is typhus operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of typhus and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of typhus?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as typhus?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a typhus came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a typhus and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a typhus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a typhus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a typhus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a typhus is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a typhus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a typhus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a typhus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }