{ "model": { "rank": 5078, "code": "thing-q161040", "model_id": "vr.tr.morus-nigra", "name": "Morus nigra", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Morus nigra, distinguish species-level knowledge from individual-tree observations, and judge appropriate identification, cultivation and conservation actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q161040/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 70, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q161040", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161040", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:37:28Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08819-8d44-7060-878d-c105122bdf0c\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Morus nigra\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 reg", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 77.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08819-8d36-7e30-be81-a0f3691add3d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Morus nigra\nRegistry id: vr.tr.morus-nigra\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q161040", "registryId": "vr.tr.morus-nigra", "name": "Morus nigra", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q161040/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.morus-nigra", "name": "Morus nigra", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Morus nigra, distinguish species-level knowledge from individual-tree observations, and judge appropriate identification, cultivation and conservation actions.", "definition": "Morus nigra L. (1753), commonly called black mulberry, is a species of deciduous fruit tree in the family Moraceae, cultivated for its edible, dark purple to nearly black multiple fruits.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the species-specific interpretation of vr.tr.morus-nigra in PHY / PHY.LIV: black mulberry as a living plant taxon, with linked evidence about its populations, cultivated lineages and individual trees.", "in_scope": [ "Accepted taxonomic identity, authority, external identifiers and identification evidence", "Species, population, cultivar and individual-tree boundaries", "Life stages, seasonal development, observed sexual expression and fruiting", "Native-range evidence, introduced occurrences and local establishment", "Tree condition, propagation, cultivation and conservation decisions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Other Morus species and the genus-wide model", "Harvested mulberries as food products, ingredients or commercial lots", "Medicinal preparations, treatment claims and clinical efficacy", "Timber, dyes and other materials after separation and processing", "Orchard businesses, land ownership and landscape infrastructure" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Resolve the name to Morus nigra L., published in 1753, an accepted species in Moraceae; a common name or nursery label alone is insufficient. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A854688-1/general-information)", "Check upper-leaf roughness and underside pubescence together, recording whether leaves came from ordinary branches or vigorous shoots; lobing varies and is not a standalone identification test. [World Agroforestry](https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Morus_nigra.PDF)", "Require a botanical-key comparison with other mulberries rather than identifying the tree from dark fruit: fruit colour does not distinguish Morus species. [World Agroforestry](https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Morus_nigra.PDF)", "Distinguish blackberry-like appearance from fruit origin: the mulberry's collective fruit develops from a flower cluster, so document its attachment and associated tree foliage. [World Agroforestry](https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb2/AFTPDFS/Morus_nigra.PDF)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic anchor", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Morus nigra L., 1753; Moraceae; NCBI Taxonomy 85232; GBIF species key 5361888, with checklist context", "why_it_matters": "Connects observations to the intended species across repositories. [NCBI](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=85232) [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/pt/species/5361888)" }, { "name": "Biological referent", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "species; population; cultivar or clone; individual tree; sampled organ", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a cultivar trait, specimen diagnosis or conservation assessment from being applied at the wrong level." }, { "name": "Identification support", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unverified label; provisional identification; expert-confirmed identification; conflicting evidence", "why_it_matters": "Makes uncertainty explicit before propagating or aggregating a purported black mulberry." }, { "name": "Leaf character combination", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "upper-surface texture; underside hair distribution; base shape; lobing; shoot origin", "why_it_matters": "Supports repeatable comparison with other Morus species rather than recognition by fruit colour." }, { "name": "Development and phenology", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "seed; seedling; juvenile; reproductively mature; senescent; dead; dated bud, leaf, flower and fruit stages", "why_it_matters": "Separates life stage from seasonal dormancy and identifies when diagnostic organs can be observed." }, { "name": "Observed sexual expression", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "male flowers observed; female flowers observed; both observed; flowering not observed; season recorded", "why_it_matters": "Records direct reproductive evidence without inferring sex from tree shape or a single season without fruit." }, { "name": "Establishment and origin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "native; planted; escaped; naturalised; uncertain, each tied to locality and evidence", "why_it_matters": "Separates cultivation history from evidence of a wild, reproducing population." }, { "name": "Crown dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "height and crown spread in metres, with date", "why_it_matters": "Supports placement, clearance and monitoring of a spreading fruit tree." }, { "name": "Root-zone and exposure conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "soil pH; soil moisture with method; waterlogging duration in days; sunlight hours per day; minimum temperature in degrees Celsius", "why_it_matters": "Allows local growing conditions and stress events to be compared with observed performance." }, { "name": "Conservation assessment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "assessing body; category; geographic scope; assessment year; source; verification state", "why_it_matters": "Keeps formal extinction-risk assessments separate from predictions and the condition of a particular garden tree." } ], "affordances": [ "Assemble a dated leaf, flower and fruit evidence set for expert identification.", "Link a tree to its population, cultivar claim, propagation source and taxonomic determination.", "Schedule observations around local leaf emergence, flowering and fruit maturation.", "Assess planting suitability from crown space, drainage, exposure and local establishment evidence.", "Plan propagation or pruning using verified identity, seasonal state and documented local guidance.", "Flag uncertain wild occurrences or conservation claims for specialist review." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "black-mulberry-identity", "name": "Black mulberry identity", "description": "Establish which taxon and biological referent a black-mulberry record represents.", "rationale": "Common names, dark fruits and cultivated labels can connect observations to the wrong mulberry.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxon-and-referent", "name": "Taxon and referent", "description": "Anchor the species name while preserving distinctions among trees, populations and cultivated lineages.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-record-boundary", "name": "Name and record boundary", "description": "Require an authority-backed taxon determination and an explicit referent for each observation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe Morus nigra as a species, a population, a cultivar or one tree?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "name-and-record-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which taxonomic source, version and identifier support the determination as Morus nigra L.?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "name-and-record-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diagnostic-evidence", "name": "Diagnostic evidence", "description": "Build an identification from comparable organs and documented alternatives.", "findings": [ { "id": "mulberry-comparison", "name": "Mulberry comparison", "description": "Record a diagnostic character combination and unresolved alternatives, particularly Morus alba and Morus rubra.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do mature leaves show about surface texture, underside hairs, base shape and lobing, and which shoots supplied them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mulberry-comparison-q01" }, { "text": "Which botanical-key characters exclude the competing Morus identifications, and what further specimen evidence is needed?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "mulberry-comparison-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "seasonal-life-and-reproduction", "name": "Seasonal life and reproduction", "description": "Interpret development, flowering and fruiting at the level of an observed black mulberry.", "rationale": "A nonfruiting tree requires interpretation of maturity, season and reproductive evidence before intervention.", "layers": [ { "id": "developmental-timing", "name": "Developmental timing", "description": "Separate lifetime development from recurring seasonal stages.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-seasonal-state", "name": "Dated seasonal state", "description": "Track bud break, leaf development, flowering, fruit maturation and leaf fall against locality and year.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence places this tree in a juvenile, reproductively mature or senescent stage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-seasonal-state-q01" }, { "text": "On which dates were bud break, flowering, ripe fruit and leaf fall observed at this location?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-seasonal-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowers-fruit-and-lineage", "name": "Flowers, fruit and lineage", "description": "Connect reproductive observations to cultivar and propagation history.", "findings": [ { "id": "fruiting-evidence", "name": "Fruiting evidence", "description": "Keep observed flower sex, fruit set, seed production and claimed cultivar behaviour distinct.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which flower sexes were observed on this tree, on what dates, and with what accompanying fruit set?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fruiting-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports claims about self-fertility or fruiting without pollination for this particular lineage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "fruiting-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Would the proposed propagation method preserve the documented clone or produce a new seed-derived individual?", "kind": "action", "id": "fruiting-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-establishment-and-conservation", "name": "Range, establishment and conservation", "description": "Distinguish native distribution, cultivation and independent establishment.", "rationale": "A planted black mulberry occurrence cannot by itself establish native range or wild-population security.", "layers": [ { "id": "geographic-origin", "name": "Geographic origin", "description": "Interpret locality records using explicit range and establishment evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "native-versus-planted-occurrence", "name": "Native versus planted occurrence", "description": "Kew gives western and southwestern Iran as the native range; retain that attribution rather than treating every occurrence as native. [Kew POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A854688-1/general-information)", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence distinguishes native presence, deliberate planting and escape at this locality?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "native-versus-planted-occurrence-q01" }, { "text": "Are seedlings or successive generations established without planting, and over what surveyed area?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "native-versus-planted-occurrence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-and-assessment", "name": "Population and assessment", "description": "Separate local demographic evidence from species-level risk statements.", "findings": [ { "id": "assessment-provenance", "name": "Assessment provenance", "description": "GBIF displays Data Deficient, but the original IUCN assessment and its year require verification before adoption. [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/taxon/44FTD)", "questions": [ { "text": "What original assessment establishes the conservation category, assessment year and geographic scope?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "assessment-provenance-q01" }, { "text": "Does the population count represent independent trees, known clones or unverified cultivated occurrences?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "assessment-provenance-q02" }, { "text": "Which observed recruitment failures, losses or habitat changes justify a local conservation response?", "kind": "action", "id": "assessment-provenance-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivated-tree-condition-and-care", "name": "Cultivated tree condition and care", "description": "Relate black-mulberry condition to its site and proposed management.", "rationale": "Decisions about planting, pruning and fruit production require an observed tree and local growing conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "site-and-crown", "name": "Site and crown", "description": "Assess root-zone conditions, exposure and room for crown development.", "findings": [ { "id": "planting-site-fit", "name": "Planting site fit", "description": "Use drainage, sunlight, shelter and available crown space as planting checks; RHS describes a broad-crowned tree suited to sunny, sheltered conditions and well-drained soil. [RHS](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/11217/morus-nigra-f/details)", "questions": [ { "text": "What drainage, sunlight, wind exposure and temperature observations describe the proposed site?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "planting-site-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Can the documented cultivar or tree develop its crown here without repeated corrective cutting?", "kind": "action", "id": "planting-site-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "symptoms-and-interventions", "name": "Symptoms and interventions", "description": "Connect symptoms and seasonal state to proportionate care.", "findings": [ { "id": "care-with-observed-triggers", "name": "Care with observed triggers", "description": "Record symptoms before diagnosis and season before pruning; RHS recommends late-autumn or early-winter pruning to reduce bleeding in its growing context. [RHS](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/11217/morus-nigra-f/details)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dated leaf, shoot, bark or root symptoms distinguish seasonal change from damage or suspected disease?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "care-with-observed-triggers-q01" }, { "text": "What local phenological evidence and guidance support the proposed pruning time and extent?", "kind": "action", "id": "care-with-observed-triggers-q02" }, { "text": "What follow-up observations would show whether the intervention improved crown condition or fruiting?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "care-with-observed-triggers-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge; no sources or database records were consulted.", "Verify the exact native range, current taxonomic treatment, and GBIF and NCBI identifiers.", "No IUCN category or assessment year is asserted; absence here does not imply that the species is unassessed." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Morus nigra this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Morus nigra L.", "note": "The species name was published by Carl Linnaeus in 1753; it denotes a taxon, not an individual tree or its fruit." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxon identifier", "note": "The exact identifier and accepted-name record require verification." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric TaxID", "note": "The exact identifier requires verification." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Morus nigra this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants governs its botanical naming; the International Botanical Congress adopts the Code, which is published through the International Association for Plant Taxonomy." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Morus nigra this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fresh fruit consumption.", "Production of preserves, syrups and juices.", "Planting as an ornamental and shade tree." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Morus nigra this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Ripe fruits are delicate and readily damaged during handling, limiting storage and transport.", "Fallen fruit can stain paving and create slippery surfaces." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Morus nigra this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "It is generally associated with southwestern Asia, but its long cultivation history complicates precise delimitation of its native range.", "It has a long cultivation history around the Mediterranean and is also grown in other suitable temperate regions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Morus nigra this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Morus alba", "difference": "White mulberry is a separate species whose fruits can also be dark; fruit colour alone does not distinguish it from M. nigra." }, { "name": "Morus rubra", "difference": "Red mulberry is a separate species native to eastern North America; dark ripe fruit is not sufficient to identify either species." }, { "name": "Black mulberry fruit", "difference": "The fruit is a harvested plant structure; Morus nigra denotes the species, including all life stages." }, { "name": "Morus nigra population", "difference": "A population consists of trees occurring in a particular area; it is only part of the species." }, { "name": "Individual black mulberry tree", "difference": "An individual is one organism with its own age and condition; the species encompasses all such organisms." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Morus nigra this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "What is the original IUCN assessment, including assessment year and scope, underlying the Data Deficient label displayed by GBIF?", "Which historical, herbarium and population studies resolve native populations versus long-established cultivation within and around the range reported by Kew?", "Which validated diagnostic key and, where necessary, genetic or cytological tests best separate Morus nigra from locally encountered lookalikes and mislabelled nursery stock?", "How do sexual expression, pollination dependence, seed viability and age at first fruiting vary among verified Morus nigra cultivars and climates?", "Which locally validated thresholds for waterlogging, drought, frost and pruning timing should govern care decisions for the intended deployment region?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Morus nigra, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Morus nigra, distinguish species-level knowledge from individual-tree observations, and judge appropriate identification, cultivation and conservation actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Morus nigra, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Morus nigra from another, and a Morus nigra from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Morus nigra sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Morus nigra from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Morus nigra is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Morus nigra and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Morus nigra is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Morus nigra is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Morus nigra is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Morus nigra moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Morus nigra passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Morus nigra between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Morus nigra, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Morus nigra is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Morus nigra is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Morus nigra, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Morus nigra from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Morus nigra from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Morus nigra does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Morus nigra pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Morus nigra judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Morus nigra lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Morus nigra, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Morus nigra hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Morus nigra came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Morus nigra and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Morus nigra is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Morus nigra, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Morus nigra, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Morus nigra is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }