{ "model": { "rank": 3370, "code": "thing-q161078", "model_id": "vr.tr.urbanization", "name": "urbanization", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognize urbanization, assess how populations, settlement patterns and urban relationships are changing, and identify interventions appropriate to the evidence, scale and affected communities.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q161078/", "tier": 2, "score": 87, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "suburbanization", "urbanisation in Norway", "urban sprawl", "synoecism" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 87, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.urbanization-process", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q161078", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:34:33Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 28.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c49-bbab-7c42-b8a9-a6e293935e82\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: urbanization\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 1001 reg", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c49-bb9b-7d51-b0c1-ed5b86a33617\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: urbanization\nRegistry id: vr.tr.urbanization\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q161078", "registryId": "vr.tr.urbanization", "name": "urbanization", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q161078/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.urbanization", "name": "urbanization", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognize urbanization, assess how populations, settlement patterns and urban relationships are changing, and identify interventions appropriate to the evidence, scale and affected communities.", "definition": "Urbanization is the process by which a population becomes increasingly concentrated in urban settlements, commonly operationalized as a rising urban share of the total population, while broader geographical and sociological uses also encompass expansion of urban land and ways of life.", "scope_statement": "This model owns urbanization as a process of demographic, spatial and social transformation associated with increasing urban concentration or extending urban relationships, recording which definition makes a particular change an instance of vr.tr.urbanization in ACT / ACT.ACT.", "in_scope": [ "Competing demographic, spatial, functional and social definitions of urbanization and their operational boundaries", "Changes in urban population shares and the mechanisms contributing to those changes", "Expansion, densification and redistribution of settlement and urban land use", "Changes in settlement networks, rural-urban relationships and functional urban reach", "Infrastructure, governance and distributional conditions that shape urbanization trajectories" ], "out_of_scope": [ "An individual city or metropolitan region as a place with a complete inventory of assets", "Urban planning as a discipline or a particular planning procedure", "Migration, fertility and mortality except for their contribution to a specified urbanization trajectory", "Economic development or industrialization independent of urban transformation", "Individual construction projects, buildings and infrastructure systems as engineered objects", "Urban culture or urbanism without an identified relationship to a transformation process" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Under a demographic definition, an increasing urban population share indicates urbanization; increasing urban population alone can occur without that share increasing.", "Under a spatial definition, expansion or intensification of urban settlement must be demonstrated; a changed administrative label alone does not establish physical transformation.", "A qualifying instance must identify change over time: being a large, dense or urban settlement describes a state rather than establishing an urbanization process.", "Suburbanization or movement between cities can redistribute an already urban population without increasing the urban share of the wider reference territory.", "Claims that urbanization extends beyond built-up settlements must specify observable functional or social relationships and the theoretical definition under which those changes qualify." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Definition and interpretive perspective", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Demographic, morphological, functional, social or explicitly specified composite; record adopting institution or school", "why_it_matters": "Determines which transformations count and prevents one operational definition from being treated as universal." }, { "name": "Reference territory and observation interval", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named territorial boundary, boundary version, start date and end date", "why_it_matters": "Urbanization can appear different at municipal, metropolitan and national scales." }, { "name": "Urban population share", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percent of total population under a stated urban classification", "why_it_matters": "Records the demographic level of urbanization with an explicit denominator." }, { "name": "Change in urban population share", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percentage points per year over a stated interval", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes demographic urbanization from absolute urban population growth." }, { "name": "Components of urban population change", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Persons per interval attributable to natural increase, net migration, reclassification, boundary change and unresolved residual", "why_it_matters": "Separates mechanisms that imply different needs and policy responses." }, { "name": "Urban land conversion", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Square kilometres per year, with prior land cover and urban land definition", "why_it_matters": "Identifies physical expansion and the land uses it replaces." }, { "name": "Population density and density change", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Residents per square kilometre of specified land area; change per interval", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish outward expansion, densification and population loss within an existing footprint." }, { "name": "Functional urban integration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Settlement links measured through specified commuting, service-use or other interaction flows", "why_it_matters": "Tests whether urban relationships extend beyond administrative or built-up boundaries." }, { "name": "Service provision relative to settlement growth", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Keeping pace, lagging, improving from a deficit, mixed or unknown; assess separately by service", "why_it_matters": "Connects the transformation to observable service needs without assuming all growth has the same consequences." }, { "name": "Distribution of gains and burdens", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Affected groups and locations linked to measured changes in access, costs, displacement or exposure", "why_it_matters": "Prevents aggregate improvements from concealing unequal outcomes." } ], "affordances": [ "Determine whether an observed trajectory qualifies as urbanization under each explicitly recorded definition.", "Compare territories or periods after checking urban classifications, boundaries and observation methods.", "Separate measured transformation from statistical reclassification and identify unresolved contributions.", "Locate where settlement growth, service provision and environmental constraints are diverging.", "Evaluate intervention scenarios against stated objectives, authority, uncertainty and effects on affected communities." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "urbanization-definitions-and-boundaries", "name": "Urbanization definitions and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what urbanization means for the assessment and which neighbouring processes it excludes.", "rationale": "Demographic concentration, built-up expansion and broader urban transformation can produce different judgments about the same territory.", "layers": [ { "id": "definitions-and-proponents", "name": "Definitions and proponents", "description": "Records alternative interpretations and who adopts them.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualification-under-competing-definitions", "name": "Qualification under competing definitions", "description": "Specify demographic, morphological, functional or social criteria and record where their judgments agree or diverge.", "questions": [ { "text": "What change must occur for this assessment to call the process urbanization, and which institution, author or school supplies that definition?", "kind": "definition", "id": "qualification-under-competing-definitions-q01" }, { "text": "Would another relevant definition classify the same observed change differently, and on what evidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualification-under-competing-definitions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "territorial-and-conceptual-boundaries", "name": "Territorial and conceptual boundaries", "description": "Defines the reference geography and distinguishes urbanization from adjacent changes.", "findings": [ { "id": "process-versus-state-and-redistribution", "name": "Process versus state and redistribution", "description": "Identify whether the evidence shows urbanization over time, an existing urban condition or redistribution within an urban system.", "questions": [ { "text": "What reference territory and time interval make this a transformation rather than a description of an urban place?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "process-versus-state-and-redistribution-q01" }, { "text": "Does the change increase the urban share or reach of that territory, or primarily redistribute activity among its existing urban settlements?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "process-versus-state-and-redistribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "urbanization-observation-and-comparability", "name": "Urbanization observation and comparability", "description": "Makes demographic and spatial observations interpretable across dates and territories.", "rationale": "Apparent urbanization can reflect changed definitions, boundaries or measurement methods.", "layers": [ { "id": "urban-classification", "name": "Urban classification", "description": "Records how people and land are assigned to urban categories.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-rule-and-lineage", "name": "Classification rule and lineage", "description": "Capture the classification thresholds, source coverage and revisions behind urban totals.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which administrative designations, population thresholds, density rules or functional criteria classify settlements as urban?", "kind": "definition", "id": "classification-rule-and-lineage-q01" }, { "text": "Which census, survey, administrative or remotely sensed observations support the classification, and when did its rules or coverage change?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "classification-rule-and-lineage-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "trajectory-estimation", "name": "Trajectory estimation", "description": "Estimates change using explicit denominators and comparable observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-urbanization-indicators", "name": "Comparable urbanization indicators", "description": "Keep urban population growth, urban share change and urban land expansion distinct while expressing their uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did urban population, total population, urban share and built-up area each change over the same interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-urbanization-indicators-q01" }, { "text": "How much of the estimated change remains after harmonizing boundaries and classification rules, and what uncertainty remains?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-urbanization-indicators-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "urbanization-mechanisms-and-drivers", "name": "Urbanization mechanisms and drivers", "description": "Separates the accounting components of urban change from explanations of why it occurs.", "rationale": "Similar urbanization rates can arise through different mechanisms and require different responses.", "layers": [ { "id": "population-change-components", "name": "Population change components", "description": "Accounts for changes in the urban population and their implications for the urban share.", "findings": [ { "id": "demographic-and-classification-contributions", "name": "Demographic and classification contributions", "description": "Identify natural increase, migration and classification changes without double counting their contributions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What portions of urban population change are attributable to births minus deaths, net migration, reclassification and boundary revision?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "demographic-and-classification-contributions-q01" }, { "text": "How do rural population changes alter the urban share, and which components cannot be separated with the available evidence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "demographic-and-classification-contributions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "explanatory-pathways", "name": "Explanatory pathways", "description": "Records context-specific explanations linking incentives, constraints and institutions to urban transformation.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-drivers-and-alternatives", "name": "Supported drivers and alternatives", "description": "Assess proposed roles of employment, services, land institutions, transport, displacement and other locally relevant drivers.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence connects the proposed driver to the timing and location of urban transformation rather than merely showing correlation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-drivers-and-alternatives-q01" }, { "text": "Which alternative explanation or missing observation could materially change the choice of intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-drivers-and-alternatives-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "settlement-transformation-and-urban-reach", "name": "Settlement transformation and urban reach", "description": "Tracks the physical pattern of urban change and the relationships extending across settlement boundaries.", "rationale": "An aggregate urban share cannot show where land conversion occurs or how urban systems reorganize.", "layers": [ { "id": "expansion-and-intensification", "name": "Expansion and intensification", "description": "Distinguishes outward growth, infill, redevelopment and changing occupancy.", "findings": [ { "id": "urban-footprint-and-density-trajectory", "name": "Urban footprint and density trajectory", "description": "Relate land conversion to population and activity changes while identifying the previous uses of converted land.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is transformation occurring through contiguous expansion, dispersed development, infill or increased density within the existing footprint?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "urban-footprint-and-density-trajectory-q01" }, { "text": "Which prior land uses are being converted, and does observed construction correspond to occupied settlement or only planned or vacant development?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "urban-footprint-and-density-trajectory-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-reach-and-settlement-networks", "name": "Functional reach and settlement networks", "description": "Examines changing connections among urban centres, peripheral settlements and rural territories.", "findings": [ { "id": "changing-urban-integration", "name": "Changing urban integration", "description": "Identify whether changes in flows and dependencies support a claim of extending urban relationships.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which changes in commuting, service access or economic interactions demonstrate increasing integration with urban centres?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "changing-urban-integration-q01" }, { "text": "At what threshold does this integration count as urbanization under the selected definition rather than ordinary exchange between distinct places?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "changing-urban-integration-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "urbanization-consequences-and-intervention", "name": "Urbanization consequences and intervention", "description": "Connects observed trajectories to service needs, distributional effects and decisions within identifiable authority.", "rationale": "An agent must judge what a transformation means for people and places before proposing action.", "layers": [ { "id": "capacity-and-distribution", "name": "Capacity and distribution", "description": "Assesses whether housing, services and environmental conditions accommodate changing settlement patterns.", "findings": [ { "id": "growth-related-gaps-and-burdens", "name": "Growth-related gaps and burdens", "description": "Locate service deficits, affordability pressures, displacement and environmental exposure associated with the trajectory.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where does population or settlement growth exceed accessible housing, water, sanitation, transport or other locally required capacity?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "growth-related-gaps-and-burdens-q01" }, { "text": "Which groups experience changes in access, affordability, tenure security or hazard exposure, and what evidence links those changes to urbanization?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "growth-related-gaps-and-burdens-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-accountability", "name": "Intervention and accountability", "description": "Frames feasible responses and the evidence needed to assess their effects.", "findings": [ { "id": "trajectory-sensitive-action", "name": "Trajectory-sensitive action", "description": "Compare actions such as servicing expansion, upgrading existing settlements or coordinating metropolitan development against explicit objectives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authority can implement the proposed response, and whose rights, land claims and participation must be addressed?", "kind": "action", "id": "trajectory-sensitive-action-q01" }, { "text": "What measurable outcomes and review triggers would show whether the response improves the identified conditions or shifts burdens to other groups or places?", "kind": "action", "id": "trajectory-sensitive-action-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This account covers the population and settlement process; no narrower registry sense was supplied.", "The demographic definition is comparatively precise, while spatial and sociological definitions have different boundaries and are not interchangeable.", "This is recall only; research should first establish the applicable urban classification and distinguish actual change from statistical reclassification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of urbanization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Demographic urbanization", "Spatial urbanization", "Suburbanization", "Peri-urbanization", "In situ urbanization of formerly rural settlements" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of urbanization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Planning housing, transport, water, sanitation and other urban services.", "Projecting the distribution of populations and demand for public services.", "Studying structural economic change and the concentration of employment.", "Assessing land conversion, habitat fragmentation and environmental pressures.", "Comparing settlement patterns and inequalities in access to infrastructure." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of urbanization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Urban share of total population", "typical_range": "0-100; depends on the definition of urban", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Change in urban population share", "typical_range": "Can be negative, zero or positive", "unit": "percentage points per year" }, { "quantity": "Urban population growth rate", "typical_range": "Can be negative, zero or positive; growth alone does not establish a rising urban share", "unit": "% per year" }, { "quantity": "Urban land expansion", "typical_range": "Varies with settlement boundaries, observation period and land classification", "unit": "km² per year" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of urbanization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Confusing growth in the number of urban residents with an increase in the urban share of population.", "Mistaking administrative reclassification or boundary changes for migration or physical expansion.", "Housing and service provision failing to keep pace with population concentration.", "Dispersed urban expansion increasing infrastructure costs, travel demand and habitat loss.", "Unequal access to land and services producing displacement, segregation or exposure to environmental hazards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of urbanization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "National definitions of urban settlements differ in their use of administrative status, population thresholds, density, economic activity and infrastructure.", "Rural-to-urban migration, natural population increase and settlement reclassification contribute in different proportions across places and periods.", "Urban development can concentrate in a dominant metropolis, extend across networks of towns or transform densely settled rural areas." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of urbanization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Urban growth", "difference": "An urban population can grow without urbanization in the demographic sense if the rural population grows sufficiently quickly." }, { "name": "Urban sprawl", "difference": "Sprawl describes dispersed or low-density spatial development; urbanization can also occur through compact growth and densification." }, { "name": "Rural-to-urban migration", "difference": "Migration is movement between settlement types and is one mechanism of urbanization; reclassification can raise the urban share without such movement." }, { "name": "Industrialization", "difference": "Industrialization concerns the development of industrial production; urbanization concerns settlement and population concentration, and either can occur without a matching degree of the other." }, { "name": "Urbanism", "difference": "Urbanism concerns urban ways of life or principles of urban development; urbanization describes a process of becoming more urban." }, { "name": "Counterurbanization", "difference": "Counterurbanization describes population redistribution toward smaller settlements or rural areas; it need not reduce the national urban population share." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of urbanization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which definition or combination of definitions should govern recognition of urbanization in this registry, and which competing interpretations should remain explicitly available?", "Which operational classifications permit useful comparisons across territories without erasing locally meaningful settlement distinctions?", "How reliably can available observations separate migration, natural increase, reclassification and boundary changes over the relevant periods?", "What observable thresholds distinguish extended urban integration from ordinary rural-urban exchange in the intended applications?", "Which claimed social and environmental consequences can be attributed to urbanization itself rather than concurrent policy, economic or demographic changes?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a urbanization, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognize urbanization, assess how populations, settlement patterns and urban relationships are changing, and identify interventions appropriate to the evidence, scale and affected communities.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: suburbanization, urbanisation in Norway, urban sprawl, synoecism.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 87 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a urbanization, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "suburbanization", "urbanisation in Norway", "urban sprawl", "synoecism" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 87 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one urbanization from another, and a urbanization from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a urbanization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a urbanization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a urbanization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a urbanization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a urbanization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a urbanization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a urbanization sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a urbanization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a urbanization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a urbanization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a urbanization from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a urbanization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a urbanization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a urbanization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a urbanization passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a urbanization between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a urbanization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a urbanization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a urbanization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a urbanization, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a urbanization is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a urbanization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a urbanization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a urbanization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a urbanization proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a urbanization, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a urbanization and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a urbanization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a urbanization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a urbanization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a urbanization consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a urbanization takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a urbanization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a urbanization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a urbanization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What urbanization is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of urbanization are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is urbanization operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of urbanization and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of urbanization?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as urbanization?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a urbanization came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a urbanization and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a urbanization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a urbanization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a urbanization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a urbanization is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a urbanization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a urbanization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a urbanization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }