{ "model": { "rank": 4324, "code": "thing-q161233", "model_id": "vr.tr.formic-acid", "name": "formic acid", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise formic acid, assess the identity and condition of a particular sample, and determine which handling or use decisions its composition and evidence support.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q161233/", "tier": 2, "score": 76, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 76, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.formic-acid", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q161233", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161233", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:58:03Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087be-aa32-72b3-9747-6be76ce5138a\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: formic acid\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 68.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087be-aa3c-70f3-b1c9-a773138a05e8\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: formic acid\nRegistry id: vr.tr.formic-acid\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q161233", "registryId": "vr.tr.formic-acid", "name": "formic acid", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q161233/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.formic-acid", "name": "formic acid", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise formic acid, assess the identity and condition of a particular sample, and determine which handling or use decisions its composition and evidence support.", "definition": "Formic acid, also called methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid, with molecular formula CH2O2 and structural formula HCOOH, occurring as a colourless, pungent liquid near room temperature when pure.", "scope_statement": "This model owns formic acid (methanoic acid, HCOOH) as the substance registered under vr.tr.formic-acid in PHY / PHY.MAT, including sample concentration, purity, physical state, chemical behaviour and evidence needed for use; it distinguishes the substance from formate salts, formulated products and production processes.", "in_scope": [ "Molecular identity, names and chemical registry identifiers", "Sample composition, water content, concentration basis, impurities and grade", "Physical state and measured properties under stated conditions", "Acid-base behaviour, chemical transformations and material compatibility", "Concentration-dependent hazards, exposure assessment and use constraints", "Sample provenance, storage condition and fitness for an intended application" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Formate salts and formate esters as independently identified substances", "Complete formulations and products containing formic acid", "Industrial production plants and detailed manufacturing procedures", "Ant biology and other organisms that produce or encounter formic acid", "Equipment design and facility-wide safety management", "Clinical management of exposure or poisoning" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Molecular identity matches HCOOH, also written CH2O2, with hydrogen attached to the carboxyl carbon; acetic acid instead has a methyl group at that position.", "The sample's acid component is distinguished from a formate salt by protonation state and the presence or absence of a counterion; aqueous dissociation does not by itself establish a salt product.", "Structural evidence distinguishes formic acid from formaldehyde and methanol, which are different compounds despite related names and carbon chemistry.", "A stated formic-acid percentage identifies a sample composition, not a different molecular substance; concentration basis and water content must accompany it.", "A formate ester has an organic group replacing the acidic hydrogen and must not be identified as formic acid merely because its name contains 'formate'." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Chemical identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Formic acid / methanoic acid; HCOOH; identifiers verified against named chemical registries", "why_it_matters": "Anchors the registry entry to a specific substance and prevents confusion with salts, esters and similarly named compounds." }, { "name": "Formic acid content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction, % w/w, mol/L or another explicitly declared basis; temperature where relevant", "why_it_matters": "Controls dosing, property interpretation and the applicability of handling information." }, { "name": "Water content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% w/w or mg/kg with analytical method", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes concentrated material from aqueous solutions and affects reactivity and application suitability." }, { "name": "Impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named impurities in mg/kg, % w/w or method-specific limits, including detection limits", "why_it_matters": "An assay alone may not establish suitability for sensitive analytical, industrial or biological uses." }, { "name": "Grade and acceptance specification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Supplier-declared grade linked to an explicit specification and certificate of analysis", "why_it_matters": "A grade label must be connected to measurable requirements before an agent relies on it." }, { "name": "Physical state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Liquid, solid or multiphase; temperature, pressure and composition recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of crystallisation, transfer behaviour and sample uniformity." }, { "name": "Phase-transition behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Melting/freezing temperature and boiling temperature in °C or K, with pressure and composition", "why_it_matters": "Pure-substance values cannot automatically describe an aqueous or impure sample." }, { "name": "Density and vapour pressure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Density in kg/m³ or g/mL; vapour pressure in Pa or kPa; temperature and concentration required", "why_it_matters": "Supports quantity conversion and assessment of vapour generation." }, { "name": "Acid-base condition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pH for a specified aqueous sample and method; pKa with solvent and temperature", "why_it_matters": "Separates sample acidity from intrinsic acid dissociation behaviour." }, { "name": "Contact-material compatibility", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Material or substance linked to compatibility evidence at a stated concentration, temperature and duration", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether containers, seals and process-contact materials are suitable." }, { "name": "Applicable hazard and exposure record", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Classification, safety data sheet and exposure limits linked to composition, jurisdiction, authority and revision date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents using a hazard label or exposure limit outside its applicable context." }, { "name": "Sample disposition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unverified, accepted for specified use, quarantined or rejected, with evidence and decision date", "why_it_matters": "Makes uncertainty and use restrictions operationally visible." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve substance names and identifiers while separating formic acid from formates and formulated products.", "Compare an assay and impurity profile with the requirements of a proposed use.", "Interpret measurements using the sample's concentration, temperature and pressure.", "Assess proposed dilution, neutralisation or reaction roles against composition and compatibility evidence.", "Select applicable handling information and flag missing exposure, storage or transport evidence.", "Accept, quarantine or reject a sample for a specified application based on traceable observations." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-substance-boundary", "name": "Identity and substance boundary", "description": "Establishes what counts as formic acid and how related chemical identities are separated.", "rationale": "Confusing the acid with a formate salt, ester or commercial mixture changes the meaning of every subsequent decision.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-and-registry-identity", "name": "Molecular and registry identity", "description": "Connects HCOOH and its names to authoritative identity records.", "findings": [ { "id": "formic-acid-identity-anchor", "name": "Formic acid identity anchor", "description": "The model should connect formic acid and methanoic acid to the same molecular substance and record verified external identifiers.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which structural representation establishes that the substance is HCOOH rather than another one-carbon compound?", "kind": "definition", "id": "formic-acid-identity-anchor-q01" }, { "text": "Which authoritative records verify its CAS number, PubChem CID and EC number, and when were those records checked?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "formic-acid-identity-anchor-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "acid-formate-and-product-boundaries", "name": "Acid, formate and product boundaries", "description": "Separates molecular identity, solution speciation and product composition.", "findings": [ { "id": "acid-versus-related-material", "name": "Acid versus related material", "description": "An aqueous acid sample, an isolated formate salt and a formulation containing formic acid require distinct descriptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the record describe formic acid, a formate salt, a formate ester or a mixture containing one or more of them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "acid-versus-related-material-q01" }, { "text": "How are dissolved formate species distinguished from a claim that the supplied material is a formate salt?", "kind": "definition", "id": "acid-versus-related-material-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-use-grade", "name": "Composition and use grade", "description": "Characterises the actual acid sample through assay, water content and impurity evidence.", "rationale": "A formic-acid label does not establish concentration or fitness for a particular application.", "layers": [ { "id": "acid-and-water-balance", "name": "Acid and water balance", "description": "Makes concentration statements interpretable and comparable.", "findings": [ { "id": "concentration-with-a-declared-basis", "name": "Concentration with a declared basis", "description": "The sample needs a measured acid content, a concentration basis and sufficient composition information to interpret the balance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the measured formic acid content, on which basis, and with what uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "concentration-with-a-declared-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Was water measured independently, and is any remaining fraction identified rather than assumed to be water?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "concentration-with-a-declared-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "impurities-and-application-acceptance", "name": "Impurities and application acceptance", "description": "Connects analytical evidence to the requirements behind a grade claim.", "findings": [ { "id": "grade-supported-by-analysis", "name": "Grade supported by analysis", "description": "Grade and suitability should be justified by a specification and batch evidence rather than inferred from acid percentage alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which impurities and analytical limits does the intended application require the sample to meet?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "grade-supported-by-analysis-q01" }, { "text": "Which batch certificate and methods demonstrate compliance with the claimed grade?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "grade-supported-by-analysis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-state-and-property-conditions", "name": "Physical state and property conditions", "description": "Describes phase and physical properties as functions of composition and conditions.", "rationale": "Formic acid and its aqueous mixtures cannot be evaluated reliably using unqualified handbook constants.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-and-thermal-behaviour", "name": "Phase and thermal behaviour", "description": "Relates observed liquid or solid states to temperature, pressure and composition.", "findings": [ { "id": "phase-evidence-for-the-sample", "name": "Phase evidence for the sample", "description": "Phase observations and transition measurements should refer to the actual concentration or a clearly identified pure-substance reference.", "questions": [ { "text": "At what temperature, pressure and acid concentration was the sample observed to be liquid, solid or multiphase?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "phase-evidence-for-the-sample-q01" }, { "text": "Which melting, freezing and boiling data apply to this composition, and what pressure accompanies the boiling data?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "phase-evidence-for-the-sample-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "density-and-volatility", "name": "Density and volatility", "description": "Captures the physical evidence needed for quantity conversion and vapour assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-property-values", "name": "Conditioned property values", "description": "Density and vapour-pressure values must retain the temperature and composition for which they are valid.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which density value supports converting the sample's measured volume to mass at its actual temperature and concentration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-property-values-q01" }, { "text": "What vapour-pressure or vapour-liquid equilibrium evidence applies across the proposed operating conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conditioned-property-values-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chemical-behaviour-and-compatibility", "name": "Chemical behaviour and compatibility", "description": "Represents acid-base behaviour and other transformations relevant to use and containment.", "rationale": "Formic acid's behaviour cannot be reduced to a pH reading or a generic carboxylic-acid label.", "layers": [ { "id": "acidity-and-formate-speciation", "name": "Acidity and formate speciation", "description": "Separates intrinsic dissociation behaviour from the measured condition of a solution.", "findings": [ { "id": "acidity-in-a-defined-medium", "name": "Acidity in a defined medium", "description": "The model should retain solvent, concentration, temperature and method when describing acidity or formate formation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which solvent, temperature and dissociation data support the proposed acid-formate speciation assessment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "acidity-in-a-defined-medium-q01" }, { "text": "What composition and measurement method make the reported pH interpretable for this sample?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "acidity-in-a-defined-medium-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transformations-and-contact-materials", "name": "Transformations and contact materials", "description": "Connects intended reactions and unintended interactions to their actual conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "reaction-and-compatibility-evidence", "name": "Reaction and compatibility evidence", "description": "Intended transformations, possible decomposition pathways and contact-material decisions require condition-specific evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which evidence establishes relevant reaction or decomposition pathways, including possible gas generation, under the proposed thermal and catalytic conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reaction-and-compatibility-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Are the proposed container, seal and transfer materials compatible with this concentration, temperature and contact duration?", "kind": "action", "id": "reaction-and-compatibility-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazards-and-sample-disposition", "name": "Hazards and sample disposition", "description": "Connects applicable hazard information and sample history to practical use decisions.", "rationale": "Safe and suitable use depends on the supplied composition, current evidence and condition of the particular sample.", "layers": [ { "id": "classification-and-exposure-context", "name": "Classification and exposure context", "description": "Identifies which hazard and exposure records govern the material and activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-safety-record", "name": "Applicable safety record", "description": "Classification and exposure limits should be recorded with their concentration scope, jurisdiction and source date.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current GHS-based classification and safety data sheet apply to the supplied formic acid concentration in the relevant jurisdiction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-safety-record-q01" }, { "text": "Which airborne exposure limits apply, with what units, averaging periods and issuing authority?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "applicable-safety-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-history-and-release-for-use", "name": "Storage history and release for use", "description": "Uses provenance and current observations to judge whether the sample remains suitable.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-based-sample-disposition", "name": "Evidence-based sample disposition", "description": "Release for a specified use should consider batch identity, container condition, storage excursions and any changes in assay or appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What batch, opening, storage and container records support the sample's current identity and composition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-based-sample-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations or missing records require reanalysis, quarantine or rejection before the intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-based-sample-disposition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge; no sources or current regulatory records were consulted.", "Verify jurisdiction-specific hazard classifications, concentration thresholds and occupational exposure limits before operational use.", "Listed physical constants refer to the pure substance under the stated conditions; commercial aqueous grades require concentration-specific data." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of formic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Anhydrous formic acid", "Aqueous formic acid solutions, distinguished by concentration", "Technical-grade formic acid", "Reagent-grade formic acid" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of formic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "64-18-6", "note": "Identifies formic acid; does not specify concentration or grade." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "284", "note": "Compound identifier for formic acid." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "200-579-1", "note": "European substance inventory identifier." }, { "scheme": "IUPAC nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Methanoic acid", "note": "Systematic name; formic acid is a retained name." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of formic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals provides the framework for hazard communication.", "European Union CLP Regulation governs substance and mixture classification, labelling and packaging.", "European Union REACH Regulation governs chemical registration and associated supply-chain obligations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of formic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Preservation and acidification of silage and animal feed.", "Leather processing and textile dyeing or finishing.", "Coagulation of natural rubber latex.", "Chemical synthesis as an acid, reagent and source of formate derivatives.", "Mobile-phase additive in liquid chromatography, including mass-spectrometry-compatible methods." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of formic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "46.03", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Melting point of pure substance", "typical_range": "Approximately 8.4", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Boiling point of pure substance at 101.325 kPa", "typical_range": "Approximately 100.8", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Density of pure liquid near 20 °C", "typical_range": "Approximately 1.22", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "Acid dissociation constant, pKa, in water near 25 °C", "typical_range": "Approximately 3.75", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of formic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Concentrated formic acid is corrosive and can cause severe skin burns and eye damage.", "Vapour or mist can injure the respiratory tract; inhalation toxicity is a significant concern.", "Concentrated material can burn when sufficiently heated, despite being miscible with water.", "Contact with bases can release substantial heat; contact with susceptible metals can release hydrogen.", "Under strongly dehydrating conditions, formic acid can release toxic carbon monoxide." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of formic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Hazard labels and concentration thresholds depend on jurisdictional implementation of chemical classification rules.", "Occupational exposure limits and averaging periods differ between national authorities.", "Permissions for feed, food-related or biocidal uses depend on jurisdiction, formulation and intended application." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of formic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Acetic acid", "difference": "Acetic acid has a methyl group attached to the carboxyl group; formic acid has hydrogen in that position." }, { "name": "Formate", "difference": "Formate is the deprotonated anion HCOO−; formic acid is the neutral acid HCOOH." }, { "name": "Formic acid solution", "difference": "A solution is a mixture with a specified solvent and acid concentration; the substance identity alone does not define those properties." }, { "name": "Formaldehyde", "difference": "Formaldehyde, CH2O, is an aldehyde rather than a carboxylic acid." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of formic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative sources confirm the external identifiers and whether an existing Vercy world model already owns this substance?", "Which concentration-dependent phase, density and vapour-liquid equilibrium datasets should support the model, including any relevant azeotropic behaviour?", "Which impurities, assay methods and acceptance limits distinguish the formic acid grades needed by the registry's intended users?", "Which current classifications, exposure limits and transport requirements apply in the intended jurisdictions and concentration ranges?", "Which compatibility and stability studies establish usable boundaries for storage materials, temperature, contamination and gas-generating decomposition?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a formic acid, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise formic acid, assess the identity and condition of a particular sample, and determine which handling or use decisions its composition and evidence support.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a formic acid, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one formic acid from another, and a formic acid from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a formic acid sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a formic acid from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a formic acid is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a formic acid is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a formic acid is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a formic acid is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a formic acid is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a formic acid is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a formic acid passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a formic acid between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a formic acid, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a formic acid is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a formic acid and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a formic acid is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a formic acid performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a formic acid.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a formic acid at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a formic acid there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What formic acid is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name formic acid unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of formic acid exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How formic acid behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of formic acid, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is formic acid incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How formic acid can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is formic acid classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover formic acid, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a formic acid came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a formic acid and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a formic acid is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a formic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a formic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a formic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }