{ "model": { "rank": 4059, "code": "thing-q161358", "model_id": "vr.tr.wing", "name": "wing", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a biological wing, assess its structural and functional state, and determine appropriate observation, comparison or care.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q161358/", "tier": 2, "score": 79, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "planform", "Inlaid", "monoplane", "swept wing", "elliptical wing", "folding wing", "cruciform wing", "Airbus A380 wing", "multiplane", "variable-incidence wing", "variable-sweep wing", "closed wing", "rotor wing", "unpowered rotor", "UMPK", "hindwing", "BioniX", "wing surface" ], "aliasCount": 18, "merged": 18, "knownIn": 79, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.wing-2", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q161358", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161358", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:23:02Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0879e-b41c-7e90-ba88-479485d4a802\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: wing\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registered ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0879e-b425-7db3-b1d9-7bc3079960ea\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: wing\nRegistry id: vr.tr.wing\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for th" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q161358", "registryId": "vr.tr.wing", "name": "wing", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q161358/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.wing", "name": "wing", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a biological wing, assess its structural and functional state, and determine appropriate observation, comparison or care.", "definition": "A wing is a paired anatomical structure that functions as an aerodynamic surface in animal flight or is evolutionarily derived from such a structure, with independently evolved forms in insects, birds, bats and extinct pterosaurs.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the biological wing as an anatomical structure of an animal, including modified, reduced and nonfunctional forms; it does not treat the wing as a whole organism or assume that every wing enables flight.", "in_scope": [ "Individual wings and their relationship to the animal, body side and other wings", "Lineage-specific supporting structures, coverings and attachment anatomy", "Wing geometry, movement and contribution to locomotion", "Development, replacement of wing coverings and structural condition", "Wing roles in display, protection, sensing or thermal regulation where supported by evidence" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Whole-animal taxonomy, population distribution and conservation assessment", "Aircraft wings, turbine blades and other engineered aerodynamic surfaces", "Plant structures called wings, such as seed or fruit extensions", "Flight feathers considered as independent anatomical structures or materials", "Whole-animal flight behaviour, navigation and migration", "Medical or veterinary treatment protocols governed by a separate care model" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The referent is animal anatomy, rather than an engineered surface or a plant extension with the same name.", "Identification depends on anatomical position, structure and developmental context; a broad or flattened surface alone does not establish that it is a wing.", "A feather is a component of some wings, whereas the wing includes its supporting and attached structures.", "Functional flight is not required for identification: reduced or modified wings must be distinguished from wings that have lost function through damage.", "Similar aerodynamic roles do not establish anatomical equivalence between wings of different animal lineages." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Bearer and anatomical position", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Animal or specimen identifier; left/right/unknown; forewing/hindwing where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Locates the wing within the correct animal and prevents comparisons between mismatched structures." }, { "name": "Structural organisation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Description of supporting tissues, flight surface, covering and attachment; lineage-specific terminology", "why_it_matters": "Determines which anatomical observations and functional comparisons are meaningful." }, { "name": "Wing length", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm or cm, with anatomical endpoints and posture", "why_it_matters": "Supports size comparison only when measurement landmarks and positioning are explicit." }, { "name": "Projected wing area", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm² or cm², with projection plane, posture and included surface boundaries", "why_it_matters": "Describes the available surface without confusing a single wing with the entire lifting system." }, { "name": "Movement envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Angular excursion in degrees and movement frequency in Hz where applicable; observation conditions recorded", "why_it_matters": "Relates anatomical mobility to observed use and possible restrictions." }, { "name": "Functional roles", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Powered flight; gliding; aquatic propulsion; display; protection; other evidenced role; unresolved; multiple values permitted", "why_it_matters": "Prevents flight capability from being inferred solely from the presence of a wing." }, { "name": "Developmental state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Developing; mature; undergoing relevant covering replacement; unresolved; lineage-specific stages recorded", "why_it_matters": "Separates expected developmental appearance from acquired impairment." }, { "name": "Structural integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed intactness, wear, missing surface, deformation or injury, with location and assessment confidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports condition assessment without treating normal anatomical variation as damage." }, { "name": "Relationship to other wings", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Contralateral counterpart; other wing pair; mechanical coupling where present; absent or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Allows assessment of symmetry and coordinated function while preserving differences between wing arrangements." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and label a wing using animal context, anatomical landmarks and uncertainty.", "Measure wing geometry from suitable observations while recording posture and scale.", "Compare corresponding wings for asymmetry, wear or missing structures.", "Assess observed movement and functional contribution without equating appearance with capability.", "Track development, covering replacement or condition changes through repeated observations.", "Determine whether further examination requires specialist expertise, handling permission or a less intrusive observation method." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "wing-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Wing identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes which anatomical structure is being described and how its boundaries are recognised.", "rationale": "The name wing spans different anatomical organisations and can also refer to non-animal structures.", "layers": [ { "id": "animal-and-position", "name": "Animal and position", "description": "Places the wing on its bearer or reconstructs that relationship for a detached specimen.", "findings": [ { "id": "anatomical-assignment", "name": "Anatomical assignment", "description": "Record the evidence for identifying the structure as a wing and assigning its position.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which animal or specimen bears this wing, and what supports that association?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "anatomical-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Which body side and, where applicable, wing pair does it belong to?", "kind": "definition", "id": "anatomical-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "included-anatomy", "name": "Included anatomy", "description": "Defines the working boundary between wing, body and component structures.", "findings": [ { "id": "wing-boundary", "name": "Wing boundary", "description": "Make explicit which supporting structures, coverings and attachments belong to the described wing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which anatomical landmarks delimit this wing from the body and adjacent structures?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "wing-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Are feathers, membranes, joints and attachment tissues included in this assessment, and which require separate component records?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "wing-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "wing-architecture-and-geometry", "name": "Wing architecture and geometry", "description": "Describes the physical construction and measurable shape of the wing.", "rationale": "Wing performance and damage interpretation depend on the particular arrangement of support and surface.", "layers": [ { "id": "support-and-surface", "name": "Support and surface", "description": "Identifies the structures that support the wing and form its exposed surface.", "findings": [ { "id": "structural-organisation", "name": "Structural organisation", "description": "Record observed construction using terms appropriate to the animal lineage.", "questions": [ { "text": "What supports the wing surface, and how are those supports arranged?", "kind": "definition", "id": "structural-organisation-q01" }, { "text": "Which tissues or coverings form the surface, and where are its natural divisions, folds or overlaps?", "kind": "definition", "id": "structural-organisation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "shape-and-scale", "name": "Shape and scale", "description": "Makes wing dimensions comparable through explicit measurement conventions.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-wing-measurements", "name": "Comparable wing measurements", "description": "Record dimensions together with landmarks, posture and whether the measurement concerns one wing or a larger system.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the wing length and projected area under a specified posture and measurement method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-wing-measurements-q01" }, { "text": "Does each reported span or area describe this wing, a wing pair or the whole animal's lifting surface?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "comparable-wing-measurements-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "wing-motion-and-function", "name": "Wing motion and function", "description": "Connects wing mobility and coordination to roles demonstrated in the animal's environment.", "rationale": "A wing's presence and shape alone cannot establish whether or how it contributes to movement or other activities.", "layers": [ { "id": "articulation-and-coordination", "name": "Articulation and coordination", "description": "Describes how the wing moves and interacts with other wings.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-movement", "name": "Observed movement", "description": "Distinguish observed motion from mobility inferred from anatomy.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the wing deploy, fold or change orientation during observed activity?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-movement-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence shows independent movement, coordination or mechanical coupling with other wings?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observed-movement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-contribution", "name": "Functional contribution", "description": "Records supported locomotor and non-locomotor roles.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidenced-wing-roles", "name": "Evidenced wing roles", "description": "Assign roles with evidence specific to the relevant animal and life stage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which roles are directly observed, and which are inferred from anatomy or accounts of related animals?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidenced-wing-roles-q01" }, { "text": "What observation would distinguish normal non-flight use from loss of an expected flight function?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidenced-wing-roles-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "wing-development-and-variation", "name": "Wing development and variation", "description": "Distinguishes expected changes and anatomical variants from acquired abnormalities.", "rationale": "Wing form and usability can differ with life stage and biological variation, making a single adult flight-capable reference inadequate.", "layers": [ { "id": "development-and-replacement", "name": "Development and replacement", "description": "Places wing appearance within the relevant developmental and covering-replacement processes.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-dependent-form", "name": "Stage-dependent form", "description": "Record which aspects of wing structure and function are expected at the observed stage.", "questions": [ { "text": "What developmental stage is represented, and what evidence supports that assignment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stage-dependent-form-q01" }, { "text": "Could incomplete deployment, growth or replacement of a covering explain the observed appearance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "stage-dependent-form-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "normal-anatomical-variation", "name": "Normal anatomical variation", "description": "Accounts for variation within and between relevant animal groups.", "findings": [ { "id": "appropriate-comparison", "name": "Appropriate comparison", "description": "Choose a reference that can distinguish expected reduction or modification from damage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference matches the animal's lineage, life stage and relevant sex or wing morph?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "appropriate-comparison-q01" }, { "text": "Is the observed reduction or modification expected for that reference, acquired, or still unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "appropriate-comparison-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "wing-condition-and-examination", "name": "Wing condition and examination", "description": "Assesses wing integrity and selects proportionate ways to resolve uncertainty.", "rationale": "Wing surfaces and supports require different condition checks, and examination itself can affect a living animal.", "layers": [ { "id": "integrity-and-impairment", "name": "Integrity and impairment", "description": "Locates structural changes and distinguishes their appearance from demonstrated functional effects.", "findings": [ { "id": "localised-condition-assessment", "name": "Localised condition assessment", "description": "Record affected regions, comparison evidence and uncertainty about consequences.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are wear, tears, missing covering, deformation or disrupted supports visible, and how extensive are they?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "localised-condition-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence connects those changes to restricted movement or reduced function rather than appearance alone?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "localised-condition-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "examination-and-follow-up", "name": "Examination and follow-up", "description": "Determines the next useful observation and the requirements for any physical examination.", "findings": [ { "id": "proportionate-next-action", "name": "Proportionate next action", "description": "Select observations that answer a wing-specific uncertainty and record limits on handling or interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which view, movement recording or repeat measurement would resolve the most consequential uncertainty about this wing?", "kind": "action", "id": "proportionate-next-action-q01" }, { "text": "Does that examination require handling a living animal, and what expertise and permission are needed before proceeding?", "kind": "action", "id": "proportionate-next-action-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The biological anatomical sense is inferred from PHY.LIV; no explicit sense was supplied.", "These wing types share a functional description but do not all share an evolutionary origin as wings.", "Dimensions and performance require a specified taxon, life stage and measurement convention; no useful universal typical range is supplied." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of wing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Insect wings", "Bird wings", "Bat wings", "Pterosaur wings" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of wing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Generating aerodynamic forces for powered flight, gliding and manoeuvring", "Underwater propulsion in penguins and some other diving birds", "Courtship, threat and recognition displays", "Sound production in some insects", "Protecting the hindwings and abdomen through modified forewings called elytra in beetles" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of wing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fractures or joint injuries in vertebrate wings can impair flight", "Damage to flight feathers or wing membranes can reduce aerodynamic performance", "Developmental abnormalities can prevent normal wing expansion or function", "Oil contamination of bird plumage can impair flight, insulation and waterproofing" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of wing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Forelimb", "difference": "Bird, bat and pterosaur wings are modified forelimbs; insect wings are not vertebrate limbs." }, { "name": "Feather", "difference": "A feather is an individual integumentary structure; a bird wing is an organ incorporating bones, muscles, skin and feathers." }, { "name": "Patagium", "difference": "A patagium is a membrane used in flight or gliding; it can form part of a wing but does not necessarily constitute a discrete wing." }, { "name": "Fin", "difference": "A fin primarily interacts with water; a wing has an evolutionary association with aerial flight even when secondarily adapted for swimming." }, { "name": "Aircraft wing", "difference": "An aircraft wing is an engineered aerodynamic structure rather than an anatomical structure." }, { "name": "Organism", "difference": "A wing is a body part of an individual organism, not an organism or a taxon." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of wing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.wing intentionally cover biological wings across animal lineages, including modified and reduced forms, or was a narrower sense intended?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this anatomical concept or part of its scope?", "Which authoritative anatomical sources and measurement conventions should govern each covered lineage?", "Where should the wing boundary be drawn for attachment tissues, shared membranes and mechanically coupled wings?", "Which lineage-specific evidence can distinguish normal variation, developmental change and structural damage, and support conclusions about functional impairment?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 15, "questions": 25 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a wing, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a biological wing, assess its structural and functional state, and determine appropriate observation, comparison or care.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: planform, Inlaid, monoplane, swept wing, elliptical wing, folding wing, cruciform wing, Airbus A380 wing, multiplane, variable-incidence wing, variable-sweep wing, closed wing.", "18 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 79 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a wing, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "planform", "Inlaid", "monoplane", "swept wing", "elliptical wing", "folding wing", "cruciform wing", "Airbus A380 wing", "multiplane", "variable-incidence wing", "variable-sweep wing", "closed wing" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 79 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 18 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one wing from another, and a wing from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a wing sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a wing from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a wing is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a wing is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a wing is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a wing is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a wing is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a wing is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a wing passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a wing between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a wing, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a wing is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What wing is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does wing perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise wing, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How wing is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does wing have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does wing need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about wing is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about wing hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern wing, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a wing came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a wing and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a wing is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a wing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a wing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a wing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }