{ "model": { "rank": 4759, "code": "thing-q161424", "model_id": "vr.tr.black-body", "name": "black body", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a black body or a qualified physical approximation, assess its thermal radiation state, and decide when black-body predictions or calibration uses are justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q161424/", "tier": 2, "score": 72, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 72, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.black-body", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q161424", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161424", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:56:39Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 18.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087f4-821e-76c0-b585-bf8753c567d3\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: black body\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 56.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087f4-820e-7cf2-a6e9-b9a88fb1d400\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: black body\nRegistry id: vr.tr.black-body\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q161424", "registryId": "vr.tr.black-body", "name": "black body", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q161424/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.black-body", "name": "black body", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a black body or a qualified physical approximation, assess its thermal radiation state, and decide when black-body predictions or calibration uses are justified.", "definition": "A black body is an ideal physical body that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, regardless of wavelength or direction, and whose thermal emission at equilibrium follows Planck's law at its temperature.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the ideal physical absorber and thermal emitter called a black body, together with the conditions under which a real surface or cavity approximates it; it distinguishes the ideal concept from a particular radiation-source instrument.", "in_scope": [ "Ideal absorption of incident electromagnetic radiation at every wavelength, direction and polarization", "Equilibrium thermal emission and its dependence on absolute temperature", "Spectral, directional and integrated radiometric properties", "Real surfaces and cavity apertures assessed as black-body approximations over stated operating ranges", "Conditions and uncertainty governing use as a radiation reference" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Detailed construction, power electronics and maintenance of commercial calibration instruments", "General heat-transfer models for conduction and convection", "Material chemistry and coating manufacture", "Detector design and complete measurement-system calibration procedures", "Cosmological or stellar models that use black-body radiation", "Black holes and objects classified solely by visible black appearance" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An ideal black body absorbs all incident radiation; visible darkness alone does not establish absorption outside the visible band.", "For a passive body in thermal equilibrium, ideal black-body emission follows the Planck spectrum at its temperature rather than an arbitrary spectrum determined by a light source.", "A gray body has emissivity below unity that is approximately wavelength independent over a stated range; an ideal black body has emissivity equal to unity.", "A cavity aperture can approximate black-body behavior through repeated internal absorption even when its wall material is not a perfect absorber.", "A measured spectrum resembling a Planck curve supports a qualified approximation but does not by itself prove perfect absorption at all wavelengths and angles." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Realization class", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "ideal body | cavity-aperture approximation | surface approximation | unverified candidate", "why_it_matters": "Separates defining ideal properties from experimentally supported approximations." }, { "name": "Thermodynamic temperature", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "K, with uncertainty and measurement location", "why_it_matters": "Sets the ideal equilibrium spectrum and total emitted radiant power per area." }, { "name": "Spectral directional absorptivity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dimensionless, 0-1, indexed by wavelength, incidence direction and polarization", "why_it_matters": "Directly tests the defining absorption property within an assessed domain." }, { "name": "Spectral directional emissivity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dimensionless ratio to black-body spectral radiance at the same temperature, with wavelength, direction and polarization specified", "why_it_matters": "Quantifies departures from ideal thermal emission for a real approximation." }, { "name": "Validated operating domain", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Declared wavelength band, temperature interval, viewing angles, polarization conditions and observation timescale", "why_it_matters": "Bounds claims that a physical realization behaves sufficiently like a black body." }, { "name": "Thermal uniformity and stability", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Spatial temperature variation in K and temporal variation in K over a stated interval", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a single temperature adequately describes the emitting region." }, { "name": "Spectral radiance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "W·m⁻²·sr⁻¹·m⁻¹ per wavelength or W·m⁻²·sr⁻¹·Hz⁻¹ per frequency", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison with Planck predictions while keeping spectral representations explicit." }, { "name": "Radiant exitance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "W·m⁻² integrated over the outward hemisphere and all wavelengths", "why_it_matters": "Supports the Stefan-Boltzmann relation without confusing total emission with net heat exchange." }, { "name": "Radiative surroundings", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Surrounding surfaces and incident radiation fields, with relevant temperatures and geometry", "why_it_matters": "Accounts for incident power, reflected background in real approximations and net radiative exchange." } ], "affordances": [ "Predict equilibrium spectral radiance and integrated emission from a stated temperature.", "Assess whether a real emitter meets a specified black-body approximation tolerance.", "Infer brightness temperature from measured radiance under explicit spectral and background assumptions.", "Select a qualified black-body reference for a stated detector band and viewing geometry.", "Estimate radiative exchange when surroundings and geometric coupling are sufficiently known." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-idealization", "name": "Identity and idealization", "description": "Establishes the physical meaning of black body and the status of any proposed realization.", "rationale": "The entry must represent the ideal absorber without confusing it with black paint or a particular heated instrument.", "layers": [ { "id": "defining-absorption", "name": "Defining absorption", "description": "Describes the absorption criterion and its distinction from visual appearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "complete-incident-absorption", "name": "Complete incident absorption", "description": "An ideal black body absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation, with no reflected or transmitted component.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the identification refer to the ideal all-wavelength absorber or to a measured approximation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "complete-incident-absorption-q01" }, { "text": "Over which wavelengths, incidence directions and polarizations have absorption, reflection and transmission been assessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "complete-incident-absorption-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "realization-boundary", "name": "Realization boundary", "description": "Separates the physical ideal from surfaces, cavities and instruments that instantiate an approximation.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-physical-approximation", "name": "Qualified physical approximation", "description": "A real surface or cavity aperture requires an explicit operating domain and tolerance before it can be treated as a black-body reference.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the evaluated emitting region a surface, a cavity aperture or another explicitly described realization?", "kind": "definition", "id": "qualified-physical-approximation-q01" }, { "text": "What departure from ideal black-body behavior is acceptable for the intended task?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualified-physical-approximation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "thermal-state-and-equilibrium", "name": "Thermal state and equilibrium", "description": "Determines whether temperature and equilibrium assumptions support a black-body emission model.", "rationale": "Perfect absorption alone does not justify assigning an arbitrary observed emitter a single equilibrium Planck spectrum.", "layers": [ { "id": "temperature-description", "name": "Temperature description", "description": "Establishes the temperature of the radiating region and whether one value is sufficient.", "findings": [ { "id": "representative-emitting-temperature", "name": "Representative emitting temperature", "description": "Temperature gradients or drift can make the observed emission a mixture that cannot be represented exactly by one Planck spectrum.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the temperature of the observed emitting region established, and with what uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "representative-emitting-temperature-q01" }, { "text": "Are spatial gradients and temporal changes small enough for the required single-temperature approximation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "representative-emitting-temperature-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "equilibrium-emission", "name": "Equilibrium emission", "description": "Checks the physical conditions connecting absorption, emission and temperature.", "findings": [ { "id": "kirchhoff-consistency", "name": "Kirchhoff consistency", "description": "Under the applicable equilibrium conditions, emissivity equals absorptivity for corresponding spectral, directional and polarization modes; ideal black-body emissivity is unity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports applying equilibrium thermal-emission relations to this body?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "kirchhoff-consistency-q01" }, { "text": "Could luminescence, external illumination or transient heating contribute to the measured radiation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "kirchhoff-consistency-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "radiation-laws-and-observables", "name": "Radiation laws and observables", "description": "Connects black-body temperature to spectral and integrated radiometric quantities.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish spectral representations, emitted power and net exchange to make valid predictions.", "layers": [ { "id": "planck-spectrum", "name": "Planck spectrum", "description": "Defines the spectral observable and its temperature dependence.", "findings": [ { "id": "spectral-representation", "name": "Spectral representation", "description": "Planck spectral radiance can be expressed per wavelength or per frequency; converting between them requires the spectral Jacobian, and their peaks do not map by simply substituting frequency equals light speed divided by wavelength.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the spectrum expressed per wavelength or per frequency, and are its units and bandwidth conventions explicit?", "kind": "definition", "id": "spectral-representation-q01" }, { "text": "Does comparison with a Planck spectrum account for the detector's spectral response and measurement uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "spectral-representation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "integrated-emission-and-exchange", "name": "Integrated emission and exchange", "description": "Separates hemispherical emission from geometry-dependent received power and net exchange.", "findings": [ { "id": "stefan-boltzmann-accounting", "name": "Stefan-Boltzmann accounting", "description": "Ideal black-body radiant exitance is σT⁴; received power and net radiative exchange additionally depend on area, geometric coupling and incident radiation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the requested quantity radiant exitance, total emitted power, detector-received power or net radiative exchange?", "kind": "definition", "id": "stefan-boltzmann-accounting-q01" }, { "text": "Which emitting areas, geometric coupling factors and incident radiation fields are required for the calculation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stefan-boltzmann-accounting-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "approximation-and-reference-use", "name": "Approximation and reference use", "description": "Assesses real black-body realizations and governs their use in radiometric inference.", "rationale": "Practical usefulness depends on demonstrated emissivity, geometry and uncertainty within the intended measurement conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "effective-emission-quality", "name": "Effective emission quality", "description": "Evaluates how a surface or cavity departs from the ideal emitter.", "findings": [ { "id": "surface-and-cavity-departures", "name": "Surface and cavity departures", "description": "Surface emissivity and cavity geometry influence effective emission; cavity apertures can approach black-body behavior through repeated internal absorption, subject to wall properties and temperature distribution.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measurements or validated calculations establish effective emissivity across the intended wavelengths and viewing angles?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "surface-and-cavity-departures-q01" }, { "text": "How do aperture geometry, wall temperature gradients or surface changes affect the claimed approximation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-and-cavity-departures-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "radiometric-decisions", "name": "Radiometric decisions", "description": "Determines whether the approximation supports a particular reference or temperature-inference task.", "findings": [ { "id": "reference-suitability", "name": "Reference suitability", "description": "Reference use requires uncertainty accounting for temperature, effective emissivity, background radiation and optical coupling; brightness temperature need not equal thermodynamic temperature for a nonideal emitter.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the combined uncertainty satisfy the intended calibration or radiance-prediction requirement?", "kind": "action", "id": "reference-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "What emissivity, background and spectral assumptions must accompany any inferred brightness temperature?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reference-suitability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The sense described is the ideal physics concept; practical calibration sources are applications of it.", "No universal temperature or dimensional range applies to black bodies.", "The stated Wien displacement relation uses a spectrum per unit wavelength; a spectrum per unit frequency has a different peak relation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of black body this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Reference model for thermal radiation and radiative heat transfer.", "Practical blackbody sources approximate the ideal for calibrating radiation thermometers, thermal cameras and radiometers.", "Approximate model for stellar spectra and the cosmic microwave background.", "Basis for defining the color temperature of thermal light sources." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of black body this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Spectral absorptivity", "typical_range": "Exactly 1 at every wavelength and incidence direction for the ideal", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "Spectral emissivity", "typical_range": "Exactly 1 for the ideal at thermal equilibrium", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "Total radiant exitance", "typical_range": "M = σT^4, where σ ≈ 5.670374419 × 10^-8 and T is absolute temperature", "unit": "W/m²" }, { "quantity": "Peak wavelength of spectral radiant exitance per unit wavelength", "typical_range": "λ_max T ≈ 2.897771955 × 10^-3", "unit": "m·K" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of black body this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Practical sources depart from the ideal through finite, wavelength-dependent emissivity and reflection of ambient radiation.", "Temperature gradients and inaccurate temperature sensing can bias calibration results.", "Contamination or deterioration of cavity surfaces and coatings can change effective emissivity.", "Heated physical sources can present burn, fire and intense optical-radiation hazards, depending on temperature and construction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of black body this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "gray body", "difference": "Has emissivity below unity that is treated as independent of wavelength over the relevant range." }, { "name": "blackbody radiation", "difference": "The emitted equilibrium radiation is distinct from the body that absorbs and emits it." }, { "name": "cavity radiator", "difference": "A physical cavity with a small aperture can approximate blackbody emission; it is a realization rather than the ideal itself." }, { "name": "black surface", "difference": "A visibly black surface need not absorb perfectly outside the visible spectrum or emit as a black body." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of black body this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend the ideal physical concept alone, or also the category of practical black-body radiation sources?", "Which authoritative references should substantiate the equilibrium assumptions and radiometric conventions used in the completed model?", "Which wavelength, temperature and angular domains should be prioritized when assessing practical approximations?", "What application-specific emissivity tolerances and uncertainty limits should qualify a realization for reference use?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 13, "questions": 21 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a black body, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify a black body or a qualified physical approximation, assess its thermal radiation state, and decide when black-body predictions or calibration uses are justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a black body, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one black body from another, and a black body from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a black body sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a black body from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a black body is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a black body is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a black body is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a black body is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a black body is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a black body is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a black body passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a black body between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a black body, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a black body is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What black body is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does black body perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise black body, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How black body is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does black body have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does black body need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about black body is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about black body hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern black body, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a black body came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a black body and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a black body is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a black body, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a black body, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a black body is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }