{ "model": { "rank": 4133, "code": "thing-q161500", "model_id": "vr.tr.privatization", "name": "privatization", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a privatization proposal or process, assess its transfer of public ownership or control, and determine which actions its current state and documented authority support.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q161500/", "tier": 2, "score": 78, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "privatization of public land", "privatization in Russia", "voucher privatization", "railway privatisation", "water privatization" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 78, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q161500", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161500", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:32:42Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087a7-7d7f-7571-b6bd-3d01335a68af\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: privatization\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.MED\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 re", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 66.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087a7-7d92-7913-978e-70f1b7a57313\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: privatization\nRegistry id: vr.tr.privatization\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.MED\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q161500", "registryId": "vr.tr.privatization", "name": "privatization", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q161500/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.privatization", "name": "privatization", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a privatization proposal or process, assess its transfer of public ownership or control, and determine which actions its current state and documented authority support.", "definition": "Privatization is the transfer of ownership or effective control of an enterprise, asset, or activity from the public sector to private actors, with broader usages also encompassing transfers of service provision.", "scope_statement": "This model owns privatization as a proposed, ongoing, completed, or reversed transition of publicly owned assets or enterprises toward private ownership or effective control, including the evidence needed to distinguish that transition from adjacent reforms.", "in_scope": [ "The public asset, enterprise, or ownership interest subject to transfer", "Changes in ownership, voting power, effective control, and retained public rights", "The proposed rationale, documented authority, and conditions governing the transfer", "Valuation, recipient selection, transaction mechanism, and completion evidence", "Public obligations, distributional effects, and post-transfer performance" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General theories and political advocacy concerning public versus private ownership", "Routine private-to-private mergers and acquisitions", "Deregulation or market liberalization without a transfer of public ownership or control", "Ordinary procurement and outsourcing without a qualifying ownership or control transfer", "Detailed operation of the underlying enterprise or infrastructure", "Nationalization as a separate process, except where it reverses the modeled privatization" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify a publicly owned asset or enterprise interest before the proposed transition and a private recipient or recipient class afterward.", "Specify the ownership or control rights changing hands; a new contractor or commercial operating style alone does not establish privatization.", "Distinguish partial share disposal from transfer of effective control, since ownership percentage alone may not establish who controls decisions.", "Separate a privatization announcement or authorization from a completed transfer supported by closing and ownership evidence.", "Treat concessions, leases, and management contracts as boundary cases requiring an explicit control-based scope decision." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Transfer subject", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Public enterprise, asset, business unit, or ownership interest and its public owner", "why_it_matters": "Establishes precisely what is being privatized and prevents a subsidiary transfer from being mistaken for disposal of an entire enterprise." }, { "name": "Transaction stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Proposed, authorized, prepared, offered, awarded, signed, closed, cancelled, disputed, or reversed", "why_it_matters": "Determines which next actions are supported and whether privatization has actually occurred." }, { "name": "Public ownership change", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Public economic-interest and voting-right percentages before and after transfer, reported separately", "why_it_matters": "Measures the disposal without assuming that economic ownership and decision power coincide." }, { "name": "Effective control allocation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Before-and-after holders of board appointment, veto, strategic decision, and operating rights", "why_it_matters": "Reveals whether public control persists despite a share sale or changes without a majority sale." }, { "name": "Transfer mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Public share offering, negotiated sale, competitive sale, asset sale, employee or management buyout, voucher distribution, other distribution, or unresolved boundary mechanism", "why_it_matters": "Shapes valuation evidence, recipient eligibility, competition, and completion checks." }, { "name": "Public financial position", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Proceeds, transaction costs, retained liabilities, subsidies, and guarantees in stated currency and valuation date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents headline sale proceeds from standing in for the full fiscal effect." }, { "name": "Retained public protections", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Obligations, oversight bodies, enforcement rights, expiry dates, and remedies", "why_it_matters": "Connects public objectives to mechanisms that remain operative after transfer." }, { "name": "Outcome evidence status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Baseline absent, baseline recorded, monitoring underway, descriptive comparison available, or causal assessment available", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes observed post-transfer changes from effects attributable to privatization." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a proposal as ownership privatization, control-based privatization, an adjacent reform, or an unresolved boundary case.", "Compare public and private rights before and after each transfer stage.", "Identify missing authority, valuation, recipient-selection, or closing evidence before recommending progression.", "Compare transfer mechanisms against stated objectives and documented constraints.", "Track retained liabilities, service commitments, and enforceable public protections.", "Assess post-transfer outcomes against a recorded baseline while exposing attribution uncertainty." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "transfer-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Transfer identity and boundaries", "description": "Identify the privatized subject and the rights whose movement makes the process a privatization.", "rationale": "A change in operator, enterprise form, or market rules can resemble privatization without transferring public ownership or effective control.", "layers": [ { "id": "public-starting-position", "name": "Public starting position", "description": "Establish the public owner and the exact perimeter of the proposed disposal.", "findings": [ { "id": "public-interest-and-disposal-perimeter", "name": "Public interest and disposal perimeter", "description": "Record the asset or enterprise interest held publicly before transfer, including exclusions and subsidiary boundaries.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which public body holds which ownership or control rights immediately before the proposed transfer?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "public-interest-and-disposal-perimeter-q01" }, { "text": "Does the disposal encompass the whole enterprise, selected assets, a subsidiary, or only a specified ownership interest?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "public-interest-and-disposal-perimeter-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "qualifying-rights-transition", "name": "Qualifying rights transition", "description": "Determine whether the proposed rights change falls within the adopted meaning of privatization.", "findings": [ { "id": "ownership-versus-operating-delegation", "name": "Ownership versus operating delegation", "description": "Separate ownership disposal and effective-control transfer from temporary delegation of service delivery.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which economic, voting, appointment, and veto rights pass to private parties, and which remain public?", "kind": "definition", "id": "ownership-versus-operating-delegation-q01" }, { "text": "If the arrangement is a lease, concession, or management contract, what explicit scope rule determines whether it qualifies here?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "ownership-versus-operating-delegation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "objectives-authority-and-readiness", "name": "Objectives, authority, and readiness", "description": "Connect the privatization rationale to documented decision powers and transaction prerequisites.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a policy preference from an authorized transaction that is ready to proceed.", "layers": [ { "id": "public-objectives", "name": "Public objectives", "description": "Make the stated purposes and their tradeoffs assessable.", "findings": [ { "id": "objectives-and-alternatives", "name": "Objectives and alternatives", "description": "Record intended benefits, their priority, and the alternatives against which privatization is assessed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the stated priority fiscal revenue, investment, service improvement, wider ownership, reduced public risk, or another specified outcome?", "kind": "definition", "id": "objectives-and-alternatives-q01" }, { "text": "What baseline and feasible alternatives will be used to judge whether privatization advances those objectives?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "objectives-and-alternatives-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "decision-powers-and-prerequisites", "name": "Decision powers and prerequisites", "description": "Track who may authorize disposal and which documented conditions govern progression.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-and-stage-gates", "name": "Authority and stage gates", "description": "Link transaction stages to applicable approvals, conditions, and unresolved challenges.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which documents establish the power to dispose of this public interest and identify the required decision makers?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authority-and-stage-gates-q01" }, { "text": "Which approvals, consultations, restructuring steps, or dispute resolutions remain necessary before the next transaction stage?", "kind": "action", "id": "authority-and-stage-gates-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "valuation-and-public-financial-exposure", "name": "Valuation and public financial exposure", "description": "Assess what is transferred, what consideration is received, and what financial exposure remains public.", "rationale": "Sale price alone cannot describe a privatization that also reallocates debt, guarantees, investment obligations, or valuable rights.", "layers": [ { "id": "valuation-basis", "name": "Valuation basis", "description": "Make the price assessment traceable to the transferred rights and valuation assumptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "price-and-transferred-value", "name": "Price and transferred value", "description": "Relate consideration to valuation methods, timing, asset condition, and rights attached to the disposal.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which valuation methods, dates, assumptions, and independent assessments support the proposed consideration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "price-and-transferred-value-q01" }, { "text": "How do retained public rights, exclusivity, required investment, and excluded assets affect the value being compared with the price?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "price-and-transferred-value-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "liabilities-and-net-position", "name": "Liabilities and net position", "description": "Expose financial commitments that survive or accompany the disposal.", "findings": [ { "id": "public-proceeds-and-residual-risk", "name": "Public proceeds and residual risk", "description": "Separate gross receipts from costs, retained obligations, and contingent exposure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the expected and realized net proceeds after transaction costs and publicly funded restructuring?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "public-proceeds-and-residual-risk-q01" }, { "text": "Who bears debt, pension commitments, environmental liabilities, guarantees, and other contingent obligations after closing?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "public-proceeds-and-residual-risk-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "recipient-selection-and-transfer", "name": "Recipient selection and transfer", "description": "Track how private recipients are selected and how the intended rights transfer becomes effective.", "rationale": "Mechanism, recipient identity, and closing evidence determine what privatization actually occurred.", "layers": [ { "id": "allocation-process", "name": "Allocation process", "description": "Record the route to private ownership and the evidence supporting recipient selection.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanism-and-recipient-integrity", "name": "Mechanism and recipient integrity", "description": "Connect the sale or distribution method to eligibility, selection criteria, and recipient ownership.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are purchasers or beneficiaries selected, and what evidence shows that the announced allocation criteria were applied?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mechanism-and-recipient-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "What checks establish recipient eligibility, beneficial ownership where relevant, and any conflicts involving decision makers or advisers?", "kind": "action", "id": "mechanism-and-recipient-integrity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "closing-and-control-change", "name": "Closing and control change", "description": "Distinguish commitment to a transaction from effective transfer of ownership and control.", "findings": [ { "id": "completion-and-retained-rights", "name": "Completion and retained rights", "description": "Record consideration delivered, rights transferred, outstanding conditions, and residual public powers.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which closing records establish the effective transfer date, payment or other consideration, and resulting ownership?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "completion-and-retained-rights-q01" }, { "text": "After closing, who can appoint the governing body, block strategic decisions, or exercise special public rights?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "completion-and-retained-rights-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "public-obligations-and-outcomes", "name": "Public obligations and outcomes", "description": "Track enforceable public commitments and assess consequences after the transfer.", "rationale": "Transaction completion does not establish whether public objectives were achieved or continuing obligations were honored.", "layers": [ { "id": "continuing-public-protections", "name": "Continuing public protections", "description": "Identify which service, workforce, investment, and competition commitments apply to this privatization.", "findings": [ { "id": "obligations-monitoring-and-remedies", "name": "Obligations, monitoring, and remedies", "description": "Link each applicable commitment to its responsible party, monitor, duration, and enforcement mechanism.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which access, price, quality, investment, employment, or competition commitments apply, and in which binding instruments are they recorded?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "obligations-monitoring-and-remedies-q01" }, { "text": "Who monitors compliance, and what corrective, penalty, termination, or reversion actions are available if a commitment is breached?", "kind": "action", "id": "obligations-monitoring-and-remedies-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "effects-and-attribution", "name": "Effects and attribution", "description": "Evaluate outcomes over time without assuming that every subsequent change resulted from privatization.", "findings": [ { "id": "performance-and-distributional-assessment", "name": "Performance and distributional assessment", "description": "Compare outcomes with objectives and baselines while identifying affected groups and competing explanations.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have relevant fiscal, investment, productivity, service, price, and employment measures changed relative to the recorded baseline?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "performance-and-distributional-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which groups gained or lost, and what evidence distinguishes privatization effects from concurrent regulation, market changes, or restructuring?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "performance-and-distributional-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the economic and public-policy concept; no recorded sense establishes a particular creative work or media object.", "The supplied domain code INF.MED should be checked against the registry's classification rules before accepting this sense.", "Definitions differ over whether partial sales without a change of control, concessions, and contracting out count as privatization; outcomes depend on sector, transaction design, competition, and regulation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of privatization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Full divestiture", "Partial divestiture", "Public share offering", "Trade sale to a strategic investor", "Management or employee buyout", "Voucher privatization" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of privatization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Transferring state-owned enterprises to private ownership", "Selling public assets to raise government revenue", "Introducing private capital and management into formerly state-controlled businesses", "Restructuring ownership during transitions from centrally planned economies", "Transferring public housing into private ownership" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of privatization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Ownership stake transferred", "typical_range": "Greater than 0 and up to 100", "unit": "percent of equity" }, { "quantity": "Government ownership retained after the transaction", "typical_range": "0-100; ownership percentage alone does not establish effective control", "unit": "percent of equity" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of privatization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Undervaluation or opaque sales transferring public wealth to favored buyers", "Replacing a public monopoly with a private monopoly", "Reduced affordability or access where service obligations are inadequate", "Job losses and unequal distribution of gains and costs", "Government retaining liabilities or guarantees despite relinquishing ownership" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of privatization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Post-socialist transitions have included voucher distribution, insider buyouts, and sales to outside investors.", "Some jurisdictions retain special state voting rights or restrictions on foreign ownership after privatization.", "Usage varies: some policy discussions include contracting out, while others reserve the term for ownership transfers." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of privatization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "nationalization", "difference": "Transfers ownership or control into the public sector rather than out of it." }, { "name": "liberalization", "difference": "Opens markets to competition or entry without necessarily changing ownership." }, { "name": "deregulation", "difference": "Removes or relaxes regulatory requirements without necessarily transferring public assets." }, { "name": "corporatization", "difference": "Gives a public activity a corporate organizational form while potentially retaining full public ownership." }, { "name": "outsourcing", "difference": "Contracts performance to another organization without necessarily transferring ownership or ultimate responsibility." }, { "name": "public-private partnership", "difference": "Establishes a contractual allocation of responsibilities and risks between public and private parties without necessarily transferring ownership permanently." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of privatization this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend the economic and institutional process modeled here, and how should that sense relate to the supplied INF / INF.MED placement?", "Should the registry definition require ownership transfer, or also include effective-control transfers through concessions, leases, and similar arrangements?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover privatization, requiring this entry to link to it rather than become a separate publication?", "Should a multi-enterprise privatization program be represented as an aggregation of individual transfers, and how should staged disposals be grouped?", "Which researched sources and jurisdiction-specific evidence should establish the eventual definition, authority checks, and outcome-assessment standards?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a privatization, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify a privatization proposal or process, assess its transfer of public ownership or control, and determine which actions its current state and documented authority support.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: privatization of public land, privatization in Russia, voucher privatization, railway privatisation, water privatization.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a privatization, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "privatization of public land", "privatization in Russia", "voucher privatization", "railway privatisation", "water privatization" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one privatization from another, and a privatization from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a privatization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a privatization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a privatization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a privatization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a privatization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a privatization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a privatization sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a privatization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a privatization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a privatization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a privatization from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a privatization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a privatization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a privatization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a privatization passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a privatization between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a privatization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a privatization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a privatization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a privatization, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a privatization is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a privatization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a privatization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a privatization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a privatization says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a privatization contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a privatization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a privatization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a privatization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a privatization and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a privatization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a privatization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a privatization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of privatization a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For privatization, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of privatization exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made privatization and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to privatization, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in privatization, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a privatization came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a privatization and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a privatization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a privatization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a privatization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a privatization is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a privatization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a privatization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a privatization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }