{ "model": { "rank": 2932, "code": "thing-q162", "model_id": "vr.tr.optical-fiber", "name": "optical fiber", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an optical fiber, assess its optical and physical condition, and decide whether it can be handled, joined, installed or used for a specified light-guiding task.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q162/", "tier": 2, "score": 94, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "photonic-crystal fiber", "hard-clad silica optical fiber", "multi-mode optical fiber", "single-mode optical fiber", "subwavelength-diameter optical fibre", "all-silica fiber", "plastic-clad silica fiber", "plastic optical fiber" ], "aliasCount": 8, "merged": 8, "knownIn": 94, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q162", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:46:04Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00884442, "turns": 1, "seconds": 119.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 81.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c1c-295d-7041-b2f9-40537d6b70b0\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: optical fiber\nRegistry id: vr.tr.optical-fiber\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q162", "registryId": "vr.tr.optical-fiber", "name": "optical fiber", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q162/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.optical-fiber", "name": "optical fiber", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an optical fiber, assess its optical and physical condition, and decide whether it can be handled, joined, installed or used for a specified light-guiding task.", "definition": "A cylindrical dielectric waveguide whose higher-index core (almost always silica glass, sometimes polymer or specialty glass) is surrounded by a lower-index cladding so that light is confined as one or more guided electromagnetic modes and transmitted with low attenuation.", "scope_statement": "This model owns an individual optical fiber or identified fiber segment: its light-guiding structure, material, dimensions, optical behaviour, protective coating, end condition, continuity and handling constraints, with relations to assemblies and equipment.", "in_scope": [ "Individual glass, polymer or specialty optical fibers and identifiable segments", "Core, cladding or other structures responsible for longitudinal optical guidance", "Fiber dimensions, integral protective coatings and exposed surfaces", "Optical behaviour under stated wavelengths and test conditions", "Physical integrity, end preparation, joins and handling limits", "Identity and continuity of a fiber within a larger assembly" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Cable jackets, strength members, armor and cable-level environmental ratings", "Connector assemblies, adapters, splice enclosures and patch panels as separate objects", "Lasers, transmitters, receivers and optical test instruments", "Network topology, protocols, service provisioning and traffic performance", "Complete sensing instruments and application-specific interpretation of their signals", "Planar waveguides, free-space optical paths and conductive electrical wires" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An identifiable slender strand guides light along its length through an internal optical structure; optical transparency alone does not establish that an object is an optical fiber.", "The entity is the light-guiding strand, possibly with integral coatings, rather than the cable assembly containing jackets, strength members and one or more fibers.", "Its guidance structure belongs to a discrete strand rather than a waveguide patterned into a planar substrate.", "Its intended longitudinal transmission is optical rather than electrical; metallic members associated with a cable do not define the fiber.", "It remains the same kind of thing when unterminated; attached ferrules, connectors or housings are related components rather than prerequisites for identifying it." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Guidance structure", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Solid-core index-guiding, hollow-core, other documented structure, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines which optical assumptions, inspection methods and joining processes are applicable." }, { "name": "Optical material", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Silica-based glass, other glass, polymer, mixed materials, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Informs wavelength suitability, mechanical handling and process compatibility." }, { "name": "Segment length", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m, with measurement method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports loss assessment, fault location and identification of segment boundaries." }, { "name": "Cross-sectional dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "µm for applicable core, cladding, microstructure and coating dimensions", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition and compatibility checks without assuming every fiber has a conventional core and cladding." }, { "name": "Modal regime", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Single-mode, few-mode, multimode, unknown; at a stated wavelength and condition", "why_it_matters": "Constrains launch conditions, coupling and expected transmission behaviour." }, { "name": "Mode-field diameter", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "µm at a stated wavelength and method, where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess optical coupling and splice compatibility beyond geometric core size." }, { "name": "Attenuation coefficient", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "dB/km at a stated wavelength, method and configuration", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of distributed optical loss separately from discrete connection losses." }, { "name": "Dispersion or bandwidth behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "ps/(nm·km) or MHz·km as applicable, with wavelength and test conditions", "why_it_matters": "Helps determine whether propagation behaviour suits the intended signal." }, { "name": "Minimum permitted bend radius", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm, with source and installation or service conditions", "why_it_matters": "Constrains routing and handling that could cause excessive loss or damage." }, { "name": "Coating condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Intact, locally stripped, damaged, degraded, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Affects surface protection and readiness for joining or installation." }, { "name": "End and continuity condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "End preparation and continuity recorded separately for each identified segment", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes an intact strand from one ready for coupling, splicing or operation." }, { "name": "Assembly and endpoint associations", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Containing cable or ribbon, fiber position, endpoint, connector and splice references", "why_it_matters": "Prevents measurements and interventions from being assigned to the wrong strand." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and trace a strand between declared endpoints within a cable or assembly.", "Characterise transmission, loss and propagation behaviour under recorded test conditions.", "Inspect coatings and ends, locate suspected defects and assess suitability for continued use.", "Prepare, cleave, splice or terminate the fiber using a process compatible with its construction.", "Route, coil and secure the fiber within documented bending, loading and environmental constraints.", "Qualify the fiber for a specified optical task or identify evidence needed before use." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "itu-t-g652", "title": "Recommendation ITU-T G.652: Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable", "url": "https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.652", "what_it_supports": "Definition of standard single-mode fibre, cutoff, mode-field diameter, attenuation windows, chromatic dispersion of G.652.D, and the distinction from G.654/G.657 families.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iec-60793-2", "title": "IEC 60793-2: Optical fibres - Product specifications (sectional specifications for class A multimode and class B single-mode fibres)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Product classes used in manufacture and procurement (A1 multimode, B1.3/B6 single-mode), geometry (125 µm cladding), proof test, and numerical-aperture / bandwidth categories that map to OM/OS naming." }, { "id": "iso-iec-11801", "title": "ISO/IEC 11801-1: Information technology - Generic cabling for customer premises - Part 1: General requirements", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Premises cabled-fibre categories OS1, OS2, OM1-OM5 and how those names are used in buildings and data centres, distinct from bare-fibre ITU-T/IEC type codes." }, { "id": "iec-60825-2", "title": "IEC 60825-2: Safety of laser products - Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Hazard classification of live fibre ends, automatic power reduction, and the laser-safety regime that governs installed fibre plant rather than the glass itself." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "strand-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Strand identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes which optical strand is being modelled and where the represented segment begins and ends.", "rationale": "A cable may contain many similar fibers, and cutting or joining changes the segment to which evidence applies.", "layers": [ { "id": "segment-identity", "name": "Segment identity", "description": "Identifies the fiber independently of its surrounding cable and attached hardware.", "findings": [ { "id": "strand-identification", "name": "Strand identification", "description": "Records the evidence connecting the represented object to a particular light-guiding strand.", "questions": [ { "text": "What establishes that this object is an optical fiber, and which strand or segment does its identifier denote?", "kind": "definition", "id": "strand-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which manufacturer designation, lot record, marking or trace establishes its identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "strand-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ends-and-assembly-membership", "name": "Ends and assembly membership", "description": "Locates segment boundaries and distinguishes the strand from its containing assemblies.", "findings": [ { "id": "physical-and-recorded-boundaries", "name": "Physical and recorded boundaries", "description": "Records endpoints, length and assembly position with explicit treatment of joins.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are the segment's two ends, and does this record stop at each splice or cover a joined path?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "physical-and-recorded-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "What is its length, how was that length determined, and which cable, ribbon or fiber position contains it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "physical-and-recorded-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "guiding-structure-and-materials", "name": "Guiding structure and materials", "description": "Describes the construction that makes the strand guide light and constrains compatible processes.", "rationale": "Similar external dimensions can conceal materially different guidance mechanisms and joining requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "optical-cross-section", "name": "Optical cross-section", "description": "Captures the relevant material and internal geometry without presuming a conventional solid core.", "findings": [ { "id": "guidance-construction", "name": "Guidance construction", "description": "Identifies the documented light-guiding structure and its distinguishing dimensions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What materials and index profile or microstructure provide optical guidance in this fiber?", "kind": "definition", "id": "guidance-construction-q01" }, { "text": "Which core, cladding or microstructure dimensions are known, with what tolerances and evidence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "guidance-construction-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "coatings-and-process-compatibility", "name": "Coatings and process compatibility", "description": "Separates integral surface protection from surrounding cable components.", "findings": [ { "id": "protective-surface-system", "name": "Protective surface system", "description": "Records coatings and their implications for stripping, cleaning and joining.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which coating layers belong to this fiber, and where does responsibility pass to a buffer or cable model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "protective-surface-system-q01" }, { "text": "Which stripping, cleaning and joining processes are documented as compatible with these materials?", "kind": "action", "id": "protective-surface-system-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "optical-operating-behaviour", "name": "Optical operating behaviour", "description": "Captures wavelength-dependent guidance and transmission characteristics relevant to intended use.", "rationale": "Optical performance depends on wavelength, launch conditions and configuration; a type label alone cannot establish suitability.", "layers": [ { "id": "wavelength-and-mode-compatibility", "name": "Wavelength and mode compatibility", "description": "Relates the fiber's supported optical behaviour to a proposed source and coupling arrangement.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-operating-regime", "name": "Supported operating regime", "description": "Records the evidence for usable wavelengths, modal regime and coupling parameters.", "questions": [ { "text": "At the intended wavelength, what modal regime and applicable mode-field diameter or numerical aperture are established?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-operating-regime-q01" }, { "text": "Which source, launch and receiving conditions must be satisfied for the proposed use?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-operating-regime-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "loss-and-signal-propagation", "name": "Loss and signal propagation", "description": "Distinguishes propagation characteristics from losses introduced by particular interfaces or arrangements.", "findings": [ { "id": "transmission-evidence", "name": "Transmission evidence", "description": "Records loss and relevant dispersion, bandwidth or polarization behaviour with test context.", "questions": [ { "text": "What attenuation and task-relevant propagation characteristics were measured, at which wavelengths and under which launch and environmental conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "transmission-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which reported losses belong to the fiber length, and which include bends, splices, connectors or test coupling?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "transmission-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "integrity-and-handling-envelope", "name": "Integrity and handling envelope", "description": "Connects observed condition and exposure history to permitted handling and continued use.", "rationale": "A fiber may retain optical continuity while surface damage or mechanical exposure leaves its reliability unresolved.", "layers": [ { "id": "damage-and-continuity", "name": "Damage and continuity", "description": "Records direct observations and test evidence of breaks, local loss and surface damage.", "findings": [ { "id": "localized-condition", "name": "Localized condition", "description": "Locates suspected defects and separates observations from inferred causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes continuity, and where are breaks, abnormal loss events or visible coating and surface defects located?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "localized-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Which inspections or tests support each condition assessment, and what parts of the segment were not assessed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "localized-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mechanical-and-environmental-limits", "name": "Mechanical and environmental limits", "description": "Records sourced constraints for bending, loading and exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-handling-conditions", "name": "Permitted handling conditions", "description": "Relates applicable limits and known excursions to routing, storage and service decisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documented bend, tensile load, temperature and exposure limits apply to this fiber in its present coated or stripped condition?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-handling-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "What proof-test, handling or exposure records exist, and do they document any excursions beyond those limits?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-handling-conditions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ends-joining-and-use-readiness", "name": "Ends, joining and use readiness", "description": "Determines whether the fiber can be accessed, coupled, joined and accepted for a specified task.", "rationale": "End preparation and interface compatibility govern practical use even when the fiber length itself meets requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "end-preparation-and-joining", "name": "End preparation and joining", "description": "Records each end's physical condition and compatibility with an intended joining method.", "findings": [ { "id": "end-interface-condition", "name": "End interface condition", "description": "Connects end inspection and fiber properties to a concrete preparation or joining decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "For each end, what stripped length, cleave or polish condition, contamination and damage have been observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "end-interface-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What preparation and joining method is suitable for the mating fiber or termination, and what compatibility evidence supports it?", "kind": "action", "id": "end-interface-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-acceptance", "name": "Intervention and acceptance", "description": "Combines optical access conditions and task-specific acceptance evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "readiness-for-specified-task", "name": "Readiness for specified task", "description": "Records whether an intended intervention or use is supported by current evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Before inspecting an end, cutting or disconnecting, what evidence establishes the optical source state and the required isolation or viewing precautions?", "kind": "action", "id": "readiness-for-specified-task-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurements and condition checks must pass for the intended use, and what retesting is required after preparation, joining or rerouting?", "kind": "action", "id": "readiness-for-specified-task-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Single-mode silica fiber (ITU-T G.652 / G.654 / G.657; premises OS1/OS2)", "Graded-index multimode silica fiber (OM1-OM5; 50/125 µm or legacy 62.5/125 µm)", "Non-zero dispersion-shifted and other dispersion-engineered long-haul fiber (G.655/G.656; G.653 now largely historical)", "Bend-insensitive single-mode fiber (G.657.A/B) used in FTTH and tight indoor routes", "Polarization-maintaining fiber (Panda, bow-tie, elliptical core)", "Polymer optical fiber (step-index and graded-index POF) for short-reach and automotive links", "Rare-earth-doped fiber (erbium, ytterbium) for amplifiers and fiber lasers", "Photonic-crystal, hollow-core, and mid-IR specialty fiber (fluoride, chalcogenide)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of optical fiber this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q162", "note": "Item for optical fiber / optical fibre as a physical artefact." }, { "scheme": "ITU-T Recommendation", "value_or_pattern": "G.651.1, G.652, G.653, G.654, G.655, G.656, G.657 (with lettered subtypes such as G.652.D, G.657.A1)", "note": "Transmission-fibre type codes used by carriers and vendors worldwide." }, { "scheme": "IEC 60793 fibre class", "value_or_pattern": "A1 (multimode), B1.3 (low-water-peak SM, ≈ G.652.D), B6_a / B6_b (bend-insensitive, ≈ G.657.A/B)", "note": "Factory and type-test designation on fibre data sheets." }, { "scheme": "ISO/IEC 11801 / TIA-568 cabled category", "value_or_pattern": "OS1, OS2, OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4, OM5", "note": "Names used in premises cabling, not on the uncoated glass preform." }, { "scheme": "Vendor product family", "value_or_pattern": "e.g. Corning SMF-28, OFS AllWave, Prysmian BendBright", "note": "Commercial designations that implement a G.652/G.657 class with extra attributes." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of optical fiber this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ITU-T G.65x series (ITU) - transmission fibre and cable characteristics", "IEC 60793 (fibres) and IEC 60794 (cables) - product specification and test methods", "ISO/IEC 11801 and TIA-568.3 - premises optical cabling categories and connectivity", "Telcordia GR-20 (Ericsson/Telcordia) - generic requirements for outdoor optical fibre cable in North American plant", "IEC 60825-2 - safety of optical fibre communication systems (live-fibre laser hazard)", "EN 50173 (CENELEC) - European generic cabling, used alongside ISO/IEC 11801", "RoHS / REACH (EU) and equivalent substance rules - coatings, inks, and cable jacketing, not the silica core itself" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of optical fiber this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Long-haul, regional and submarine telecommunications as the transmission medium inside fibre-optic cables", "Fibre-to-the-home/building (GPON, XGS-PON, EPON) drop and indoor wiring", "Data-centre structured cabling and parallel-optics interconnects (OM3/OM4/OM5 multimode; OS2 single-mode)", "Medical endoscopy illumination/imaging and surgical laser delivery", "Distributed fibre sensing (DTS, DAS, Bragg gratings) for pipelines, power cables, and civil structures", "Industrial high-power laser beam delivery for cutting and welding", "Avionics, shipboard, and harsh-environment links where EMI immunity matters", "Laboratory and component use: fibre lasers, EDFA gain fibre, patch cords and pigtails" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of optical fiber this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Cladding diameter", "typical_range": "124-126 (nominal 125)", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Core diameter (multimode)", "typical_range": "50 (legacy also 62.5)", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Mode-field diameter at 1310 nm (G.652 SMF)", "typical_range": "8.6-9.5", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Attenuation at 1550 nm (silica SMF)", "typical_range": "0.17-0.22", "unit": "dB/km" }, { "quantity": "Attenuation at 850 nm (laser-optimized MMF)", "typical_range": "2.0-3.5", "unit": "dB/km" }, { "quantity": "Chromatic dispersion at 1550 nm (G.652)", "typical_range": "16-18", "unit": "ps/(nm·km)" }, { "quantity": "Cable cutoff wavelength (G.652.D)", "typical_range": "≤1260", "unit": "nm" }, { "quantity": "Proof-test stress", "typical_range": "0.69 typical (100 kpsi); higher for submarine", "unit": "GPa" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of optical fiber this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Macrobend and microbend loss when the fibre is routed below its specified bend radius or crushed in a cable", "Tensile break at a surface flaw; delayed failure by stress corrosion (static fatigue) in humid environments", "Fibre fuse: a self-propelled thermal plasma that destroys the core under high launched power after a fault", "Hydrogen darkening and radiation-induced attenuation in poorly designed or nuclear/space environments", "Connector end-face contamination, scratches, and poorly cleaved splices causing reflection, loss, or high-power damage", "Water ingress and freeze-thaw in poorly gel-filled or unblocked outdoor cables", "Nonlinear transmission impairments (SBS, SRS, FWM, SPM) at high channel power, not a mechanical failure of the glass", "Eye and skin hazard from invisible IR light at a live fibre end or break (IEC 60825-2 OFCS rules)", "Glass shard injury and coating-chemical exposure during stripping and splicing" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of optical fiber this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Spelling and premises naming: US TIA-568 uses 'fiber' and OS/OM categories; ISO/IEC 11801 and EN 50173 use 'fibre' with the same OM/OS letters; Japan additionally cites JIS C 6832/6835.", "Access-network practice: GPON/XGS-PON dominates most FTTH markets; EPON was historically preferred in Japan, Korea and parts of China.", "Outdoor cable design: North American plant often follows GR-20 (loose-tube, all-dielectric vs armoured); European and ITU-T G.65x cable clauses differ in water-blocking and rodent-protection conventions.", "Inside-plant fibre: US enterprise still encounters legacy 62.5 µm OM1; new data-centre builds worldwide have standardised on 50 µm OM3/OM4/OM5 or single-mode.", "Submarine systems specify G.654 cut-off-shifted fibre more often than terrestrial G.652 routes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of optical fiber this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Optical fibre cable", "difference": "The fibre is the coated glass waveguide; a cable is the sheathed assembly (tubes, strength members, jacket, armour) that contains one or more fibres. Count glass vs count cable elements." }, { "name": "Planar optical waveguide / photonic integrated circuit", "difference": "A fibre is a drawn, flexible cylindrical waveguide; on-chip guides are lithographically defined in a planar stack and are not independently cabled." }, { "name": "Copper twisted pair or coaxial cable", "difference": "Those guide RF/electrical current; fibre guides optical modes, is dielectric, and is immune to ordinary EMI. Test: continuity with an optical source/OTDR versus a metallic continuity tester." }, { "name": "Free-space optical / line-of-sight laser link", "difference": "FSO uses an unguided beam in air; fibre confines the same wavelengths inside glass. Presence of a physical dielectric core is the separator." }, { "name": "Fibre-optic patch cord or pigtail", "difference": "A patch cord is a finished, connectorised cable assembly; the fibre is the glass element inside it. Identify by whether connectors and jacket are part of the object being named." }, { "name": "Hollow metallic microwave waveguide", "difference": "A metal pipe guiding centimetre-wave modes versus a dielectric optical waveguide guiding near-IR modes; frequency, materials, and numerical aperture / cutoff formulae differ." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of optical fiber this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "With no registry definition recorded, does this entry include hollow-core, multicore, microstructured, active and sensing fibers, and which require optional model extensions?", "Does an identified fiber remain one registry object across a splice, or should joined paths always relate separate segment objects?", "Where should ownership fall for tight buffers, bonded ribbon materials and other protection beyond the primary fiber coating?", "Which manufacturer documents and applicable test standards should establish limits and acceptance methods for each supported fiber family?", "What evidence is sufficient to assess continued mechanical reliability after coating damage or a handling-limit excursion when optical continuity remains?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a optical fiber, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an optical fiber, assess its optical and physical condition, and decide whether it can be handled, joined, installed or used for a specified light-guiding task.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: photonic-crystal fiber, hard-clad silica optical fiber, multi-mode optical fiber, single-mode optical fiber, subwavelength-diameter optical fibre, all-silica fiber, plastic-clad silica fiber, plastic optical fiber.", "8 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 94 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a optical fiber, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "photonic-crystal fiber", "hard-clad silica optical fiber", "multi-mode optical fiber", "single-mode optical fiber", "subwavelength-diameter optical fibre", "all-silica fiber", "plastic-clad silica fiber", "plastic optical fiber" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 94 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 8 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one optical fiber from another, and a optical fiber from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a optical fiber sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a optical fiber from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a optical fiber is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a optical fiber is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a optical fiber is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a optical fiber is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a optical fiber is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a optical fiber is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a optical fiber passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a optical fiber between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a optical fiber, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a optical fiber is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What optical fiber is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does optical fiber perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise optical fiber, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How optical fiber is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does optical fiber have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does optical fiber need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about optical fiber is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about optical fiber hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern optical fiber, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a optical fiber came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a optical fiber and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a optical fiber is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a optical fiber, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a optical fiber, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a optical fiber is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }