{ "model": { "rank": 4826, "code": "thing-q1621273", "model_id": "vr.tr.particle", "name": "particle", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a physical particle, record the scale and assumptions under which it is treated as a discrete entity, assess its state, and select valid observations or interventions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q1621273/", "tier": 2, "score": 72, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 72, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q1621273", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1621273", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:04:19Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 16.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087fb-6eb2-7db0-9609-eb1d99a8d080\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: particle\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 regist", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087fb-6ea2-7501-bf4e-5e00d22a3f29\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: particle\nRegistry id: vr.tr.particle\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContex" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1621273", "registryId": "vr.tr.particle", "name": "particle", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1621273/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.particle", "name": "particle", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a physical particle, record the scale and assumptions under which it is treated as a discrete entity, assess its state, and select valid observations or interventions.", "definition": "A particle is a discrete physical entity treated as an individual constituent of a system, whose internal structure and spatial extent may be resolved or neglected according to the scale and purpose of the description.", "scope_statement": "This model owns particle in the physical sense: a discrete physical entity considered individually at a stated scale, including elementary particles, composite particles, and material grains or droplets; it records the distinction between particle identity, physical state, and modelling approximation.", "in_scope": [ "Particle kind and criteria for identifying an individual particle", "Elementary, composite, grain, and droplet descriptions at an explicit scale", "Intrinsic properties and context-dependent physical states", "Interactions, transport, transformation, and persistence", "Detection evidence, measurement limitations, and particle approximation validity" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Grammatical particles, which belong to a language model and are not physical subtypes", "Bulk materials, continuous media, and particle populations as collective systems", "Fields and waves considered independently of a particle description", "Detectors, accelerators, filters, and other apparatus as devices", "Organisms and manufactured objects as functional wholes, even when approximated as particles" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The referent is physical; a grammatical particle is related by its name rather than by physical subtype.", "The description identifies an entity at a stated scale rather than only an amount of bulk material.", "A particle description specifies which internal structure and spatial extent matter, rather than assuming that every particle is pointlike.", "An individual particle is distinguished from a population statistic, detector signal, or computational sample representing many particles.", "The description states whether classical trajectories or quantum states are appropriate, rather than treating localisation and individual tracking as universally available." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Particle description", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "elementary particle | composite particle | material grain | droplet | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which properties, boundaries, and interaction descriptions apply." }, { "name": "Composition or species", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Particle species or material composition; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and constrains possible interactions and transformations." }, { "name": "Description scale", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Relevant length in m and time in s; probe energy in J or eV where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Makes the particle boundary and neglected internal structure explicit." }, { "name": "Physical regime", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "classical | quantum | mixed description; relativistic treatment required or not required", "why_it_matters": "Controls which state variables and predictions are meaningful." }, { "name": "Mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg or eV/c², with invariant or other mass convention stated", "why_it_matters": "Informs dynamics and identification without assuming every particle has a rest frame." }, { "name": "Electric charge", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "C or multiples of elementary charge e", "why_it_matters": "Constrains electromagnetic response and possible manipulation." }, { "name": "Size and shape", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m for defined size measures; shape descriptor; unresolved or not applicable permitted", "why_it_matters": "Separates geometric extent from effective interaction size and localisation uncertainty." }, { "name": "Spin quantum number", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Dimensionless spin quantum number where applicable; unspecified otherwise", "why_it_matters": "Supports quantum species identification and the appropriate statistical description." }, { "name": "Motion or quantum state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Frame-referenced position and momentum, or an applicable quantum-state description, with uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports predictions without presuming an exact classical trajectory." }, { "name": "Surrounding medium and fields", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to medium, applied fields, boundaries, and nearby interacting entities", "why_it_matters": "Explains environmental effects on transport, charge, stability, and detectability." }, { "name": "Persistence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Stable over stated observation interval | decaying | dissolving | fragmenting | aggregating | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether continued tracking of the same particle remains meaningful." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate particle from measurements while retaining alternative identifications.", "Select a classical, quantum, or effective particle description for a stated task.", "Estimate transport or interaction outcomes within the chosen description's limits.", "Choose an applicable detection, separation, trapping, or scattering method.", "Track decay, fragmentation, dissolution, or aggregation and update identity relations.", "Identify when a particle description must give way to an internal-structure or collective-system model." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "particle-identity-and-scale", "name": "Particle identity and scale", "description": "Establishes what counts as a particle and what an individual denotes in the current description.", "rationale": "Particle spans several physical regimes, so neither a universal size threshold nor a universal individual-tracking rule is adequate.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-referent", "name": "Physical referent", "description": "Separates a physical particle from similarly named concepts and representational substitutes.", "findings": [ { "id": "particle-kind-and-individual", "name": "Particle kind and individual", "description": "Record whether the referent is a species, a particular physical entity, or a modelling representative.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does particle here mean an elementary species, a composite entity, a grain, or a droplet?", "kind": "definition", "id": "particle-kind-and-individual-q01" }, { "text": "Does the record describe one physical particle, a particle kind, or a computational representative of many particles?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "particle-kind-and-individual-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "resolution-and-individuation", "name": "Resolution and individuation", "description": "Defines the scale and evidence under which a particle can be distinguished and followed.", "findings": [ { "id": "individuality-at-stated-scale", "name": "Individuality at a stated scale", "description": "Make explicit the observation resolution, neglected structure, and limits of assigning persistent individual identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "At what spatial, temporal, or probe-energy scale is this entity treated as one particle?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "individuality-at-stated-scale-q01" }, { "text": "What supports identifying it as the same particle across observations, and where does that assignment cease to be meaningful?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "individuality-at-stated-scale-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "constitution-and-physical-properties", "name": "Constitution and physical properties", "description": "Captures composition, spatial extent, and properties relevant to identifying and interacting with the particle.", "rationale": "Elementary species and material grains require different accounts of structure, size, and property variability.", "layers": [ { "id": "composition-and-extent", "name": "Composition and extent", "description": "Describes internal constituents and applicable measures of physical size.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-structure", "name": "Resolved structure", "description": "Distinguish measured internal structure and geometric extent from an assumed point-particle approximation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What constituents or material phases are established, and by which observations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "resolved-structure-q01" }, { "text": "Does the reported size mean geometric diameter, hydrodynamic diameter, charge radius, or another defined measure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-structure-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "species-properties-and-variable-properties", "name": "Species properties and variable properties", "description": "Separates identifying properties from quantities that vary with preparation or environment.", "findings": [ { "id": "mass-charge-and-spin", "name": "Mass, charge, and spin", "description": "Record applicable properties with conventions and distinguish species-level attributes from the current particle state.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which mass, charge, and spin quantities are applicable, and what measured or reference evidence supports them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mass-charge-and-spin-q01" }, { "text": "Which properties identify the species, and which can change through charging, excitation, or material exchange?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "mass-charge-and-spin-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-motion", "name": "State and motion", "description": "Represents the particle's physical state using variables appropriate to its regime.", "rationale": "A trajectory suitable for a grain cannot be assumed to describe every quantum particle.", "layers": [ { "id": "state-representation", "name": "State representation", "description": "Chooses a classical or quantum description and states its preparation and uncertainty.", "findings": [ { "id": "admissible-state-description", "name": "Admissible state description", "description": "Record only state quantities meaningful under the selected description, including relevant internal states.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the task require a classical phase-space description, a quantum state, or a reduced statistical description?", "kind": "definition", "id": "admissible-state-description-q01" }, { "text": "Which translational and internal state quantities were prepared or measured, with what uncertainties?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "admissible-state-description-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reference-frame-and-transport", "name": "Reference frame and transport", "description": "Connects motion to a frame, medium, and valid dynamical approximation.", "findings": [ { "id": "motion-prediction-limits", "name": "Motion prediction limits", "description": "Specify the frame and conditions under which trajectory, transport, or propagation predictions are valid.", "questions": [ { "text": "In which reference frame and surrounding medium are position, momentum, and energy specified?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "motion-prediction-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Do collisions, drag, diffusion, quantum effects, or relativistic effects determine which motion prediction is usable?", "kind": "action", "id": "motion-prediction-limits-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "interactions-and-identity-change", "name": "Interactions and identity change", "description": "Records responses to other entities and events that alter or terminate particle identity.", "rationale": "Scattering, decay, charging, dissolution, and aggregation have different implications for whether the original particle persists.", "layers": [ { "id": "interaction-response", "name": "Interaction response", "description": "Characterises coupling to fields, other particles, media, and surfaces.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-interaction-model", "name": "Applicable interaction model", "description": "Select interaction quantities and interventions appropriate to the particle kind and environment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which interactions matter at the stated energy and scale, and what evidence supports their response parameters?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-interaction-model-q01" }, { "text": "Under what conditions could the particle be deflected, trapped, scattered, filtered, or deposited?", "kind": "action", "id": "applicable-interaction-model-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "persistence-and-products", "name": "Persistence and products", "description": "Distinguishes changes of state from events producing different particles or eliminating a discrete boundary.", "findings": [ { "id": "particle-continuity", "name": "Particle continuity", "description": "Record the applicable identity criterion and links to products of decay, fragmentation, coalescence, or other transformations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which events preserve this particle's identity, and which end it or create successor particles?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "particle-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "What lifetime, survival interval, or transformation rate is supported under the stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "particle-continuity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "detection-and-description-validity", "name": "Detection and description validity", "description": "Connects particle assertions to observation and defines when the chosen description fails.", "rationale": "A signal may be indirect or ambiguous, and a useful particle approximation can fail when structure or collective effects become relevant.", "layers": [ { "id": "observation-and-identification", "name": "Observation and identification", "description": "Relates detector outputs to inferred particle presence, count, and identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "signal-to-particle-inference", "name": "Signal-to-particle inference", "description": "Separate measured signals from inferred properties and retain competing interpretations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations support particle presence and species assignment rather than background or another particle type?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "signal-to-particle-inference-q01" }, { "text": "How do detection thresholds, efficiency, resolution, and overlapping signals limit identification or counting?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "signal-to-particle-inference-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "approximation-breakdown", "name": "Approximation breakdown", "description": "Defines limits of point-particle, isolated-particle, and persistent-particle descriptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "description-replacement-criteria", "name": "Description replacement criteria", "description": "Identify task-specific evidence that requires resolving internal structure or moving to a field or collective description.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observable effects would invalidate neglecting the particle's extent, internal structure, or correlations with its surroundings?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "description-replacement-criteria-q01" }, { "text": "What more detailed or collective model should an agent use when those effects exceed the task's tolerance?", "kind": "action", "id": "description-replacement-criteria-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The domain suggests the physical sense, but the registry should establish whether the intended scope is general, subatomic or particulate.", "The listed kinds span different descriptive scales and are not a mutually exclusive classification.", "No universal typical measurement range, identifier scheme or regulatory standard applies across this scope; hazards and uses depend on the particle type." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of particle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Elementary particles", "Composite subatomic particles", "Atoms", "Molecules", "Colloidal particles", "Granular particles" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of particle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Representing bodies as point masses in mechanics", "Describing matter and interactions in particle physics", "Modelling gases and molecular transport", "Characterising aerosols, suspensions and powders", "Using particle beams for imaging, material analysis and treatment" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of particle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "A point-particle approximation can fail when size, shape or internal structure affects the behaviour being studied.", "Airborne particulate matter can present inhalation hazards depending on composition, size and exposure.", "Dispersed combustible powders can present fire and explosion hazards.", "Energetic particle radiation can damage biological tissue and materials." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of particle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "grammatical particle", "difference": "A grammatical particle is a linguistic item; this entry covers physical entities." }, { "name": "elementary particle", "difference": "An elementary particle has no known constituent substructure; the broader term also includes composite entities." }, { "name": "point particle", "difference": "A point particle is an idealisation with no spatial extent; a physical particle need not satisfy that idealisation." }, { "name": "atom", "difference": "An atom is a specific kind of entity with a nucleus and bound electrons; particle is a broader descriptive category." }, { "name": "particulate matter", "difference": "Particulate matter denotes material consisting of particles, often dispersed in a medium, rather than one individual particle." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of particle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend particle to cover both elementary particles and material grains or droplets, or a narrower physical sense?", "Should quasiparticles and other effective excitations be included here or linked through a neighbouring model?", "Which existing Vercy world models already own particle concepts or particular subtypes and should supply the authoritative model?", "Which authoritative sources should establish subtype-specific property conventions and criteria for the validity of particle approximations?", "Which identity and observation requirements are needed for the intended tasks, especially where persistent individual labels are unavailable?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 15, "questions": 25 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a particle, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a physical particle, record the scale and assumptions under which it is treated as a discrete entity, assess its state, and select valid observations or interventions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a particle, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one particle from another, and a particle from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a particle sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a particle from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a particle is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a particle is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a particle is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a particle is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a particle is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a particle is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a particle passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a particle between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a particle, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a particle is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What particle is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does particle perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise particle, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How particle is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does particle have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does particle need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about particle is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about particle hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern particle, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a particle came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a particle and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a particle is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a particle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a particle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a particle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }