{ "model": { "rank": 4152, "code": "thing-q162339", "model_id": "vr.tr.stethoscope", "name": "stethoscope", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a stethoscope, record its listening capabilities and condition, and determine whether it is suitable and ready for an intended auscultation task.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q162339/", "tier": 2, "score": 78, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Pinard horn" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 78, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.stethoscope", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q162339", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162339", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:35:41Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087aa-2c0b-7922-b411-e3adacffe537\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: stethoscope\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 70, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087aa-2c06-7cc1-ba2c-924f590c135e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: stethoscope\nRegistry id: vr.tr.stethoscope\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q162339", "registryId": "vr.tr.stethoscope", "name": "stethoscope", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q162339/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.stethoscope", "name": "stethoscope", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a stethoscope, record its listening capabilities and condition, and determine whether it is suitable and ready for an intended auscultation task.", "definition": "A stethoscope is a medical listening instrument that couples sounds produced within the body to an examiner's ears, acoustically or electronically, for auscultation.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the stethoscope as a kind of physical instrument for receiving body sounds and conveying them to a listener, including acoustic and electronic variants, with attributes for describing product designs and individual units without treating either as the registry concept itself.", "in_scope": [ "Body-sound pickup interfaces, including chestpieces, diaphragms, bells and specialised listening heads", "Acoustic or electronic sound transmission and listener interfaces", "Frequency selection, amplification and other supported listening controls", "Physical fit, acoustic integrity, cleanliness and readiness for use", "Electronic power, recording and connectivity capabilities where present", "Manufacturer-defined intended uses, operating limits and applicable conformity evidence" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Patient diagnoses and interpretation of particular body sounds", "Clinical examination protocols and practitioner competence", "Ultrasound imaging systems and Doppler instruments that generate measurements through a different sensing principle", "Standalone microphones, hearing aids and general audio recorders", "External software services and patient-record systems connected to an electronic stethoscope", "Product inventory, ownership and procurement workflows beyond references needed to identify a unit" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its intended function is listening to body sounds through a body-coupled pickup, rather than recording ambient speech or music.", "An acoustic design conveys body-generated vibrations through a passive sound path; an electronic design senses and processes those vibrations for listening.", "Its principal output is an audible representation of body sounds; imaging or Doppler measurement alone does not make an instrument a stethoscope.", "It may use a bell, diaphragm, combined chestpiece or specialised head, so a dual-sided chestpiece is not a required identifying feature.", "Recording, wireless connection and automated sound analysis are optional capabilities rather than conditions of membership in this registry entry." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Sound transmission architecture", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "passive acoustic | electronic | hybrid | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines the sound path, dependencies and relevant readiness checks." }, { "name": "Pickup configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "bell | diaphragm | combined bell and diaphragm | tunable diaphragm | specialised head; record supported combinations", "why_it_matters": "Identifies how body sounds enter the instrument and which listening modes may be available." }, { "name": "Intended auscultation application", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "reference to manufacturer-stated body sites, patient groups and clinical or veterinary applications", "why_it_matters": "Prevents suitability from being inferred solely from appearance or marketing labels." }, { "name": "Pickup contact dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm; diameter or width and length, with the measured surface identified", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess physical access and contact fit for the intended application." }, { "name": "Acoustic response evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "reference to response data including frequency in Hz, level convention, coupling method and test conditions", "why_it_matters": "Makes sound-performance claims interpretable without inventing a universal response range." }, { "name": "Selected listening mode", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "active chestpiece side, pressure-dependent mode or electronic filter setting; unknown or not applicable", "why_it_matters": "The selected path or filter affects which sounds reach the listener." }, { "name": "Sound-path integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "verified functional | suspected leak or obstruction | damaged | untested", "why_it_matters": "Leaks, loose interfaces or blocked passages can compromise listening." }, { "name": "Listener coupling", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "binaural eartips | monaural listening interface | electronic headphones or speaker | other documented interface", "why_it_matters": "Identifies fit requirements and the complete path from pickup to listener." }, { "name": "Power readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not required | sufficient for intended task | low | depleted | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Electronic listening functions may depend on available power." }, { "name": "Processing and output capabilities", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented amplification, filtering, noise reduction, recording, streaming or analysis; absent or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates basic listening from optional functions and their dependencies." }, { "name": "Cleaning readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "processed under applicable instructions | processing due | process compatibility unresolved | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Patient-contact surfaces and shared listener interfaces require a documented readiness basis." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the pickup, sound path and listener interface and classify the instrument's supported listening modes.", "Check documented suitability for a specified body site, patient group or examination context.", "Select a supported chestpiece side or electronic listening mode and verify that the intended path is active.", "Inspect and function-check the listening path, fit and power status before declaring the instrument ready.", "Clean or replace supported contact components according to the identified manufacturer's instructions.", "Enable supported recording or streaming when its destination, access conditions and required authorisation are established." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "auscultation-identity-and-fit", "name": "Auscultation identity and fit", "description": "Establishes what counts as a stethoscope and which listening applications a particular design supports.", "rationale": "Recognition must depend on body-sound listening function while preserving differences between the registered kind, product design and physical unit.", "layers": [ { "id": "instrument-boundary", "name": "Instrument boundary", "description": "Separates stethoscopes from adjacent sensing and audio instruments.", "findings": [ { "id": "body-sound-listening-identity", "name": "Body-sound listening identity", "description": "Record the intended listening function and sensing principle as the basis for classifying the instrument.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the instrument intended to receive body-generated sounds through a body-coupled pickup and make them audible?", "kind": "definition", "id": "body-sound-listening-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Does a combined product contain an identifiable stethoscope function alongside imaging, Doppler or other sensing functions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "body-sound-listening-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-and-contact-fit", "name": "Application and contact fit", "description": "Connects stated applications to pickup geometry and access requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-listening-suitability", "name": "Documented listening suitability", "description": "Capture intended body sites and patient groups together with the contact geometry that supports their assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which body sites, patient groups or specialised applications are stated in the manufacturer's instructions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-listening-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "What are the contact dimensions in mm, and which pickup surface was measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "documented-listening-suitability-q02" }, { "text": "What documented limitations prevent this design from being treated as suitable for every auscultation task?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "documented-listening-suitability-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "pickup-and-sound-path", "name": "Pickup and sound path", "description": "Describes how body vibrations enter the stethoscope and reach the listener.", "rationale": "A stethoscope's useful function depends on the complete coupled path, including interfaces that can leak, obstruct sound or be incorrectly selected.", "layers": [ { "id": "chestpiece-coupling", "name": "Chestpiece coupling", "description": "Records pickup surfaces, selection mechanisms and contact-dependent behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "active-pickup-configuration", "name": "Active pickup configuration", "description": "Identify each available pickup and how the user establishes the active listening surface or mode.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which bells, diaphragms or specialised heads are present, and how are they connected to the listening path?", "kind": "definition", "id": "active-pickup-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "How does the user select and verify the active side or mode, including pressure-dependent behaviour where documented?", "kind": "action", "id": "active-pickup-configuration-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transmission-and-listener-coupling", "name": "Transmission and listener coupling", "description": "Follows sound through tubing, transducers and output interfaces to the listener.", "findings": [ { "id": "complete-listening-path", "name": "Complete listening path", "description": "Record the path components and the evidence that their connections and listener coupling function as intended.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which components carry the sound from the pickup to the listener, and which require electrical power?", "kind": "definition", "id": "complete-listening-path-q01" }, { "text": "What supported check detects loose eartips, leaking tubing, blocked passages or a disconnected output?", "kind": "action", "id": "complete-listening-path-q02" }, { "text": "How is listener fit assessed for this interface without assuming that every stethoscope uses binaural eartips?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "complete-listening-path-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "listening-performance-and-controls", "name": "Listening performance and controls", "description": "Captures acoustic evidence, operating settings and electronic dependencies.", "rationale": "Listening performance cannot be judged from a generic sensitivity label or an undocumented comparison between passive and amplified instruments.", "layers": [ { "id": "response-and-audibility", "name": "Response and audibility", "description": "Makes frequency response, gain and noise claims traceable to their measurement conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-performance-evidence", "name": "Qualified performance evidence", "description": "Record performance claims with the test setup, selected mode and reference quantities needed to interpret them.", "questions": [ { "text": "What frequency-response or transmission data exist, and what coupling fixture, input and listener load were used?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-performance-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "For gain or noise values expressed in dB, what reference, bandwidth and operating setting define the measurement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualified-performance-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mode-and-power-readiness", "name": "Mode and power readiness", "description": "Identifies controls and conditions that determine whether the intended listening function is available.", "findings": [ { "id": "available-listening-state", "name": "Available listening state", "description": "Capture selected filters, gain settings, power status and documented behaviour when an electronic dependency fails.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which listening controls exist, and how can the current filter, gain or mute state be confirmed?", "kind": "action", "id": "available-listening-state-q01" }, { "text": "What functions remain available when the battery is depleted or an external connection is lost?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "available-listening-state-q02" }, { "text": "What task duration and operating conditions underlie any stated battery-runtime value?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "available-listening-state-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "contact-hygiene-and-serviceability", "name": "Contact hygiene and serviceability", "description": "Addresses cleaning of contact interfaces and defects that undermine safe, effective listening.", "rationale": "The chestpiece contacts patients, listener interfaces may be shared, and servicing can alter the acoustic path.", "layers": [ { "id": "contact-surface-processing", "name": "Contact-surface processing", "description": "Connects exposed materials and removable components to supported cleaning procedures.", "findings": [ { "id": "compatible-cleaning-process", "name": "Compatible cleaning process", "description": "Record the applicable instructions for patient-contact and listener-contact surfaces, including limits on liquids and processing methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which manufacturer instructions specify compatible agents, contact times and restrictions for this design?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "compatible-cleaning-process-q01" }, { "text": "Which surfaces or removable parts require processing before the next use, and what evidence establishes completion?", "kind": "action", "id": "compatible-cleaning-process-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "acoustic-defects-and-repair", "name": "Acoustic defects and repair", "description": "Records physical deterioration and permitted component replacement.", "findings": [ { "id": "serviceable-sound-path", "name": "Serviceable sound path", "description": "Assess tubing, pickup membranes, rims, eartips and electronic connections for defects relevant to listening readiness.", "questions": [ { "text": "What cracks, stiffness, loose fittings, membrane damage or intermittent output are present?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "serviceable-sound-path-q01" }, { "text": "Which components may be replaced, with which compatible parts, and what post-service function check is required?", "kind": "action", "id": "serviceable-sound-path-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "digital-outputs-and-use-evidence", "name": "Digital outputs and use evidence", "description": "Defines optional data functions and the documentary basis for intended use and conformity claims.", "rationale": "Digital features introduce dependencies beyond acoustic listening, while regulatory or certification claims must attach to an identified product and jurisdiction.", "layers": [ { "id": "recording-and-connected-listening", "name": "Recording and connected listening", "description": "Bounds the instrument's recording, streaming and analysis functions and their external dependencies.", "findings": [ { "id": "body-sound-output-boundary", "name": "Body-sound output boundary", "description": "Distinguish live listening, stored audio and derived analysis, and identify where each output is produced and delivered.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which outputs are produced by the instrument itself, and which require an external application or service?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "body-sound-output-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Before recording or transmitting body sounds, how are destination, patient association, access and required authorisation established?", "kind": "action", "id": "body-sound-output-boundary-q02" }, { "text": "Which filtering, compression or processing settings accompany an exported recording so it can be interpreted appropriately?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "body-sound-output-boundary-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intended-use-and-conformity-record", "name": "Intended-use and conformity record", "description": "Anchors use limits and standards claims to identifiable documentation.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-product-claims", "name": "Traceable product claims", "description": "Record the product identity and documentary scope behind claims about intended use, standards and certification marks.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which manufacturer, product identifier and instructions revision support the recorded capabilities and restrictions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-product-claims-q01" }, { "text": "Which standards or conformity claims apply to this variant and jurisdiction, and what issuing body, edition and evidence support each claim?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-product-claims-q02" }, { "text": "Does a claimed approval cover basic auscultation, recording or automated analysis, and where does that scope end?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "traceable-product-claims-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the medical instrument kind, rather than a particular product or individual unit; mechanical listening tools also sometimes bear the name stethoscope.", "The length range is approximate and applies to common clinical tubing designs, not fetal horns or every electronic design.", "Researchers should verify jurisdiction-specific device classification, UDI obligations and applicable standard editions; no sources were consulted for this recall." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of stethoscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Acoustic stethoscope", "Electronic stethoscope", "Recording digital stethoscope", "Fetal stethoscope, including the Pinard horn" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of stethoscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Unique Device Identification (UDI)", "value_or_pattern": "Device identifier plus applicable production identifiers", "note": "Identifies marketed device versions and production information where required; it does not identify the generic concept of a stethoscope." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of stethoscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 10993-1, issued by ISO: framework for biological evaluation of medical devices, relevant to assessment of patient-contacting materials." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of stethoscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Listening to heart sounds and murmurs.", "Listening to breath sounds over the chest.", "Listening to bowel sounds.", "Detecting Korotkoff sounds during manual blood-pressure measurement with a cuff and pressure gauge.", "Listening to fetal heart sounds using a suitable fetal stethoscope." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of stethoscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Overall length of a conventional flexible-tube clinical stethoscope", "typical_range": "Approximately 60-80", "unit": "cm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of stethoscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cracked tubing, loose connections or poorly fitting eartips reduce sound transmission.", "Damaged or loose chestpiece components can distort sounds or introduce noise.", "Ambient noise, clothing friction and handling noise can mask clinically relevant sounds.", "Inadequate cleaning between patients can transfer microorganisms.", "Electronic versions can lose functionality through depleted batteries or electronic faults." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of stethoscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Auscultation", "difference": "Auscultation is the examination method; a stethoscope is an instrument used to perform it." }, { "name": "Sphygmomanometer", "difference": "A sphygmomanometer measures cuff pressure for blood-pressure assessment; a stethoscope detects sounds used in the manual method." }, { "name": "Doppler fetal monitor", "difference": "A Doppler fetal monitor transmits ultrasound and detects frequency shifts associated with movement; a fetal stethoscope passively conducts body sounds." }, { "name": "Phonocardiograph", "difference": "A phonocardiograph records heart sounds as a signal or trace; a basic stethoscope provides listening without recording, although digital instruments can combine both functions." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of stethoscope this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own the stethoscope concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it?", "Which specialised forms, including fetal, monaural and veterinary instruments, belong within this entry under the registry's authoritative granularity?", "Which published test methods permit meaningful comparison of acoustic transmission and electronic performance across stethoscope designs?", "Which standards, issuing bodies, editions and conformity requirements apply to passive, electronic and connected variants in the intended jurisdictions?", "What sourced ranges for contact dimensions, tubing geometry, service life and battery runtime are useful without implying universal specifications?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 33 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a stethoscope, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a stethoscope, record its listening capabilities and condition, and determine whether it is suitable and ready for an intended auscultation task.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Pinard horn.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a stethoscope, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Pinard horn" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one stethoscope from another, and a stethoscope from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a stethoscope sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a stethoscope from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a stethoscope is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a stethoscope is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a stethoscope is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a stethoscope is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a stethoscope is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a stethoscope is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a stethoscope passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a stethoscope between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a stethoscope, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a stethoscope is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What stethoscope is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does stethoscope perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise stethoscope, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How stethoscope is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does stethoscope have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does stethoscope need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about stethoscope is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about stethoscope hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern stethoscope, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a stethoscope came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a stethoscope and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a stethoscope is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a stethoscope, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a stethoscope, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a stethoscope is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }