{ "model": { "rank": 2632, "code": "thing-q162668", "model_id": "vr.tr.visual-perception", "name": "visual perception", "purpose": "Let an agent explain visual perception and its stages, relay research on colour, form, depth and motion perception with attribution, describe variations and deficiencies in neutral terms, and route personal vision concerns to eye care professionals.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q162668/", "tier": 2, "score": 101, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "skyline", "akinetopsia", "protanopia", "anomalous trichromacy", "tritanomaly", "dichromatopsia", "tritanopia", "encounter", "blindsight", "parafoveal vision", "landscape", "insect vision", "Interocular transfer", "Chroma", "sightedness", "monocular vision", "visual perception involved in equilibrioception", "mesopic vision", "stereopsis", "moonsighting", "superhuman vision", "color vision", "night vision", "form perception", "photopic, mesopic, and scotopic vision", "visual acuity", "binocular vision", "color perception", "vision in fish", "telescopic vision", "micro vision", "trichromacy", "pentachromacy", "monochromacy", "dichromacy", "tetrachromacy", "scotopic vision", "size perception", "Vernier acuity", "Snellen chart" ], "aliasCount": 40, "merged": 40, "knownIn": 101, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q162668", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T22:52:19Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q162668", "registryId": "vr.tr.visual-perception", "name": "visual perception", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q162668/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.visual-perception", "name": "visual perception", "purpose": "Let an agent explain visual perception and its stages, relay research on colour, form, depth and motion perception with attribution, describe variations and deficiencies in neutral terms, and route personal vision concerns to eye care professionals.", "definition": "The ability to interpret the environment through light detected by the eyes, involving the optics of the eye, photoreceptors, retinal processing and cortical analysis of colour, form, depth, motion and objects; visual perception is studied in neuroscience, psychology and vision science, varies between individuals in conditions such as colour vision deficiencies and motion blindness, and is the basis of reading, navigation and visual art.", "what_it_is_for": "Interpreting the visual environment.", "affordances": [ "explain stages and mechanisms", "relay research with attribution", "describe variations and deficiencies", "route personal concerns to professionals" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Optical and neural stages", "Constancies and illusions", "Individual variation", "Cross-disciplinary study" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; the experience of seeing.", "visual_identification": [ "Interpretation of light by eye and brain", "Colour, form, depth, motion and object perception", "Visual acuity is a measure; vision loss is a clinical condition; a skyline is a perceived scene, not perception" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "visible wavelengths", "typical_range": "about 380-750", "unit": "nm", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "cone types in typical humans", "typical_range": "3", "unit": "count", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "colour perception and colour vision deficiencies such as protanopia, tritanomaly and anomalous trichromacy", "form and object perception", "depth and stereopsis", "motion perception and akinetopsia", "visual attention and awareness", "perception of scenes such as skylines" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "perception", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "sensory perception of light", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "depends on", "target": "visual system", "why": "eye and brain" }, { "relation": "is studied by", "target": "vision science", "why": "the field" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D014796", "note": "visual perception" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Colour vision testing standards for occupations", "Accessibility standards for colour and contrast", "Research ethics for perception studies" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Illusions and misperception", "Undiagnosed deficiencies affecting safety", "Agents giving personal eye care advice", "Stigmatising language about deficiencies" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "How vision works.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages", "name": "Stages", "description": "Stages.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-finding", "name": "Stages", "description": "Stages.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does visual perception proceed from optics and photoreceptors to cortical processing?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about perception, about a clinical vision problem or about a perceived scene?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "features", "name": "Features", "description": "Colour, form, depth, motion.", "findings": [ { "id": "features-finding", "name": "Features", "description": "Features.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are colour, form, depth and motion perceived, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific aspect?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "variation", "name": "Variation", "description": "Variation and deficiencies.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "colour", "name": "Colour", "description": "Colour vision deficiencies.", "findings": [ { "id": "colour-finding", "name": "Colour", "description": "Colour.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the colour vision deficiencies, how common are they, and how are they tested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own vision, which needs an eye care professional?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rare", "name": "Rare", "description": "Rare conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "rare-finding", "name": "Rare", "description": "Rare.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are akinetopsia and other rare perceptual conditions, as described in the literature?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "apply", "name": "Apply", "description": "Applications.", "rationale": "Application.", "layers": [ { "id": "design", "name": "Design", "description": "Design and accessibility.", "findings": [ { "id": "design-finding", "name": "Design", "description": "Design.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does knowledge of visual perception inform design, accessibility and colour standards?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits accessibility?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "art", "name": "Art", "description": "Art and illusions.", "findings": [ { "id": "art-finding", "name": "Art", "description": "Art.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do art and illusions exploit perceptual mechanisms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits optical illusion?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "study", "name": "Study", "description": "Research and history.", "rationale": "Study.", "layers": [ { "id": "methods", "name": "Methods", "description": "Methods.", "findings": [ { "id": "methods-finding", "name": "Methods", "description": "Methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is visual perception studied, from psychophysics to imaging and computational models?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did theories of vision develop from antiquity to modern neuroscience?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of neuroscience?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should colour vision deficiency be a separate primary entry?", "How should vision science references be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming deficiencies and a scene type; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a visual perception, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain visual perception and its stages, relay research on colour, form, depth and motion perception with attribution, describe variations and deficiencies in neutral terms, and route personal vision concerns to eye care professionals.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: skyline, akinetopsia, protanopia, anomalous trichromacy, tritanomaly, dichromatopsia, tritanopia, encounter, blindsight, parafoveal vision, landscape, insect vision.", "40 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 101 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a visual perception, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "skyline", "akinetopsia", "protanopia", "anomalous trichromacy", "tritanomaly", "dichromatopsia", "tritanopia", "encounter", "blindsight", "parafoveal vision", "landscape", "insect vision" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 101 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 40 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one visual perception from another, and a visual perception from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a visual perception, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a visual perception, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a visual perception is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a visual perception, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a visual perception, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a visual perception is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a visual perception sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a visual perception, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a visual perception, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a visual perception is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a visual perception from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a visual perception, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a visual perception, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a visual perception is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a visual perception passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a visual perception between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a visual perception, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a visual perception, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a visual perception is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a visual perception, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a visual perception is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a visual perception, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a visual perception, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a visual perception is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a visual perception proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a visual perception, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a visual perception and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a visual perception, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a visual perception, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a visual perception is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a visual perception consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a visual perception takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a visual perception, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a visual perception, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a visual perception is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What visual perception is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of visual perception are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is visual perception operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of visual perception and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of visual perception?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as visual perception?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a visual perception came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a visual perception and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a visual perception, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a visual perception, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a visual perception is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a visual perception is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a visual perception, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a visual perception, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a visual perception is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }