{ "model": { "rank": 4988, "code": "thing-q162919", "model_id": "vr.tr.seal", "name": "seal", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a physical sealing material or element, assess its ability to restrict passage across an interface, and determine suitable installation, maintenance or replacement actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q162919/", "tier": 2, "score": 71, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "pending seal", "dry seal", "lead seal", "bulla", "state seal", "gold seal", "national seal", "official seal", "academic seal", "Seals of Tibet", "Women's Seal", "Troll cross", "security seal", "equestrian seal", "standardization mark", "Zollplombe", "tamga", "privy seal", "cretula", "seal in the Sinosphere", "rota", "Seals of the Batavian Republic", "Marca de garantía", "Impression seal", "Armenian seals", "scaraboid seal", "counterseal", "presidential seal", "vice presidential seal", "national seals of Japan", "red seal", "black seal", "pictorial seal", "multi-faced seal", "Tokyo Hand-carved Seals", "Privy seal (East Asia)", "Official seal", "Golden Bull" ], "aliasCount": 38, "merged": 40, "knownIn": 71, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.seal-animal", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q162919", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162919", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:24:47Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 18.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0880e-4010-7023-aae4-51e225442b67\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: seal\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registered", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 57.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0880e-401f-70a3-89d7-52231e055c43\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: seal\nRegistry id: vr.tr.seal\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for th" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q162919", "registryId": "vr.tr.seal", "name": "seal", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q162919/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.seal", "name": "seal", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a physical sealing material or element, assess its ability to restrict passage across an interface, and determine suitable installation, maintenance or replacement actions.", "definition": "In the assumed engineering sense, a seal is a material element or assembly placed at an interface to restrict the passage of fluids or contaminants under specified operating conditions.", "scope_statement": "Provisionally covers seal in the material and engineering sense: a material or element that restricts leakage or ingress at an interface; the intended registry sense remains unresolved because no definition is recorded.", "in_scope": [ "Sealing materials and formed sealing elements at identified interfaces", "Material formulation, construction and condition relevant to sealing", "Fit, contact geometry and the mechanism that creates the barrier", "Compatibility with retained media, external exposure and operating conditions", "Leakage performance, deterioration and replacement criteria" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Seals as marine mammals", "Official stamps, embossed impressions and symbolic marks of authority", "Tamper-evident or security seals whose primary function is to indicate opening", "Complete pumps, valves, vessels and other equipment containing a seal", "Bulk constituent chemicals independently of their sealing application", "The full installation or sealant-manufacturing process" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An engineering seal has an identifiable interface and a specified passage of fluid, gas or particles that it is intended to restrict.", "A sealing material is identified through its barrier function and application conditions; polymer or metal composition alone does not establish that it is a seal.", "A gasket is a particular type of sealing element rather than a synonym for every seal; the model must identify whether the application uses a gasket or another mechanism.", "An adhesive qualifies within this scope only where its assigned function includes sealing; mechanical bonding alone is insufficient.", "A stamp or security closure requires a different model when its defining function is authentication or evidence of interference rather than leakage or ingress control." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Seal form and mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Preformed contact seal, formed-in-place seal, face seal, non-contact restriction, other or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which geometry, condition and performance observations are meaningful." }, { "name": "Material identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Specified compound or grade, manufacturer designation and constituent material records where available", "why_it_matters": "Sealing suitability can depend on formulation rather than a broad material family." }, { "name": "Sealed interface and media", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Mating components, retained medium, excluded medium and direction of possible passage", "why_it_matters": "Defines the barrier being assessed and the exposures it must tolerate." }, { "name": "Interface motion", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Static, reciprocating, rotary, oscillating or combined", "why_it_matters": "Motion changes friction, wear and the appropriate seal design." }, { "name": "Installed geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Relevant dimensions and clearances in mm; compression or squeeze in % where applicable", "why_it_matters": "A compatible material may still fail if its installed geometry is unsuitable." }, { "name": "Operating envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C, differential pressure in Pa, motion speed in m/s or rpm; limits tied to service conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison between actual service and documented capability." }, { "name": "Leakage or ingress performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Measured rate or test outcome with medium, units, pressure, temperature, duration and acceptance criterion", "why_it_matters": "Makes sealing performance testable without assuming every application requires zero leakage." }, { "name": "Seal condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Uninstalled, installed unverified, serviceable, degraded, failed or unknown; cure state where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether installation, continued operation or replacement is justified." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the seal's intended barrier function and distinguish it from other senses of seal.", "Compare a candidate seal with interface dimensions, media and service conditions.", "Determine installation prerequisites from the seal mechanism and product instructions.", "Assess leakage or ingress against an application-specific acceptance criterion.", "Inspect deterioration and decide whether to monitor, reseat or replace the seal.", "Trace a replacement to a compatible material grade and configuration." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "sealing-function-and-boundary", "name": "Sealing function and boundary", "description": "Establishes which sense of seal applies and what physical passage the seal controls.", "rationale": "The undefined registry name cannot safely establish either the intended sense or the barrier requirement.", "layers": [ { "id": "seal-sense-and-form", "name": "Seal sense and form", "description": "Identifies whether the entry represents a sealing material, an individual element or a sealing assembly.", "findings": [ { "id": "engineering-sense", "name": "Engineering sense", "description": "Record evidence for the material or engineering interpretation and identify the physical form being modelled.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the registry provenance identify seal as a sealing material or component, rather than an animal, stamp or security closure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "engineering-sense-q01" }, { "text": "Does this entry own a material, a formed sealing element or a complete sealing assembly?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "engineering-sense-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "controlled-passage", "name": "Controlled passage", "description": "Defines the interface, media and direction of leakage or ingress.", "findings": [ { "id": "barrier-requirement", "name": "Barrier requirement", "description": "Describe what the seal separates and what level of passage the application permits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which components meet at the sealed interface, and what medium is retained or excluded on each side?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "barrier-requirement-q01" }, { "text": "What leakage or ingress is acceptable, under which operating and test conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "barrier-requirement-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-exposure-compatibility", "name": "Material and exposure compatibility", "description": "Connects the actual seal formulation and construction to its service environment.", "rationale": "Material family labels alone do not establish compatibility, dimensional stability or permitted use.", "layers": [ { "id": "compound-and-construction", "name": "Compound and construction", "description": "Records the specified grade and any constituents that affect sealing behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-specification", "name": "Material specification", "description": "Identify the compound, reinforcements, coatings or multiple materials used in the seal.", "questions": [ { "text": "What compound or grade is specified, and which supplier document establishes its identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-specification-q01" }, { "text": "Which coatings, fillers, reinforcements or separate contact materials influence the sealing function?", "kind": "definition", "id": "material-specification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "media-and-temperature-response", "name": "Media and temperature response", "description": "Assesses material behaviour under the actual combination of chemical and thermal exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "compatibility-evidence", "name": "Compatibility evidence", "description": "Record evidence of suitability and unresolved exposure combinations rather than infer compatibility from a generic material name.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence covers contact with the actual process medium, cleaning agents and external environment at service temperature?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "compatibility-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What swelling, hardening, softening, mass change or loss of strength is permitted after the specified exposure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "compatibility-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "interface-fit-and-installation", "name": "Interface fit and installation", "description": "Captures how the seal fits its mating parts and establishes the intended restriction or contact.", "rationale": "Sealing depends on installed geometry and preparation as well as material selection.", "layers": [ { "id": "mating-geometry", "name": "Mating geometry", "description": "Describes the dimensions, surfaces and movement at the sealing interface.", "findings": [ { "id": "fit-and-contact-conditions", "name": "Fit and contact conditions", "description": "Record mechanism-specific fit requirements without assuming every seal operates through compression.", "questions": [ { "text": "What seal dimensions, groove or joint dimensions, clearances and tolerances determine fit?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fit-and-contact-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "What surface finish, alignment and relative motion must the seal accommodate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fit-and-contact-conditions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "barrier-establishment", "name": "Barrier establishment", "description": "Identifies the preparation and assembly conditions needed before service.", "findings": [ { "id": "installation-readiness", "name": "Installation readiness", "description": "Specify applicable seating, loading, lubrication or curing requirements and evidence of completion.", "questions": [ { "text": "What orientation, seating, compression, preload or clearance establishes the intended sealing mechanism?", "kind": "action", "id": "installation-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Which surface preparation, lubricant, cure time or verification steps are required before exposing the seal to service?", "kind": "action", "id": "installation-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "performance-and-service-decisions", "name": "Performance and service decisions", "description": "Relates observed sealing performance and deterioration to continued service or replacement.", "rationale": "An installed seal requires evidence of acceptable function and explicit criteria for intervention.", "layers": [ { "id": "operating-performance", "name": "Operating performance", "description": "Compares measured function with requirements under representative service conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-sealing-capability", "name": "Verified sealing capability", "description": "Record performance together with test conditions and the limits of what the test establishes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What leakage or ingress result was measured, using which medium, method, pressure, temperature and duration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-sealing-capability-q01" }, { "text": "Do the verified conditions cover expected pressure reversals, motion, starts, stops and thermal cycles?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "verified-sealing-capability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "deterioration-and-replacement", "name": "Deterioration and replacement", "description": "Records damage and service history relevant to an intervention decision.", "findings": [ { "id": "serviceability-decision", "name": "Serviceability decision", "description": "Connect observed wear, cracking, extrusion, permanent deformation or debonding to documented disposition criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed defects or performance changes exceed the applicable serviceability limits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "serviceability-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Do the condition and product instructions permit continued use or reseating, or require replacement and inspection of the mating parts?", "kind": "action", "id": "serviceability-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry records no sense. The engineering interpretation is provisional; 'seal' also names an animal and an authentication device or impression.", "A seal is not a single chemical substance: CAS numbers, composition, phase transitions and hazard classifications require identification of its constituent materials.", "No universal measurement ranges apply. Dimensions, leakage rate, pressure differential, temperature and allowable motion depend on seal design and service; current standard editions and applicability need checking." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of seal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Gaskets", "O-rings", "Radial shaft lip seals", "Mechanical face seals", "Packing seals", "Labyrinth seals" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of seal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Manufacturer part number", "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-specific designation", "note": "Identifies a particular seal design, size and material variant; there is no universal identifier for seals." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of seal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 3601 series, issued by ISO: O-rings for fluid power systems.", "ISO 6194 series, issued by ISO: rotary shaft lip-type seals incorporating elastomeric sealing elements.", "API Standard 682, issued by the American Petroleum Institute: shaft sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of seal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Containing pressurized fluids in pipe joints and vessels.", "Restricting leakage around rotating pump shafts.", "Separating pressure chambers in hydraulic and pneumatic equipment.", "Retaining lubricants and excluding dirt or water from bearings.", "Limiting environmental ingress into equipment enclosures." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of seal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Chemical incompatibility can cause swelling, embrittlement or loss of sealing properties.", "Wear, compression set or stress relaxation can reduce sealing effectiveness.", "Pressure can extrude or displace a seal when clearances or support are unsuitable.", "Heat, inadequate lubrication or misalignment can damage dynamic sealing surfaces.", "Seal failure can release hazardous fluids, admit contaminants or cause loss of operating pressure." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of seal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "sealant", "difference": "A sealant is an applied substance that fills and seals a joint; a seal is the functional element or assembly, which may instead be preformed or mechanical." }, { "name": "gasket", "difference": "A gasket is a type of seal typically compressed between stationary mating surfaces; seals also include dynamic and noncontact designs." }, { "name": "elastomer", "difference": "An elastomer is a class of materials; a seal is a functional component that may use elastomers, metals, polymers, ceramics or combinations." }, { "name": "tamper-evident seal", "difference": "Its defining purpose is to reveal opening or interference, rather than to restrict fluid or contaminant passage." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of seal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry source confirm an engineering seal, or does seal denote another sense despite its PHY.MAT placement?", "Is the intended granularity sealing material, an individual sealing element or a complete assembly?", "Does an existing world model already cover this concept, requiring a link rather than another publication?", "Which seal mechanisms and subtypes belong under this entry, and which already have separate authoritative registry entries?", "Which application-specific sources establish compatibility, acceptance tests and replacement criteria for the intended scope?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 23 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a seal, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a physical sealing material or element, assess its ability to restrict passage across an interface, and determine suitable installation, maintenance or replacement actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: pending seal, dry seal, lead seal, bulla, state seal, gold seal, national seal, official seal, academic seal, Seals of Tibet, Women's Seal, Troll cross.", "40 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a seal, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "pending seal", "dry seal", "lead seal", "bulla", "state seal", "gold seal", "national seal", "official seal", "academic seal", "Seals of Tibet", "Women's Seal", "Troll cross" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 40 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one seal from another, and a seal from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a seal sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a seal from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a seal is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a seal is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a seal is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a seal is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a seal is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a seal is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a seal passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a seal between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a seal, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a seal is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What seal is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does seal perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise seal, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How seal is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does seal have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does seal need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about seal is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about seal hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern seal, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a seal came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a seal and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a seal is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a seal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a seal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a seal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }