{ "model": { "rank": 4067, "code": "thing-q163727", "model_id": "vr.tr.bachelor-s-degree", "name": "bachelor's degree", "purpose": "Let an agent handle bachelor degrees by type, field, institution, accreditation and recognition across countries.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q163727/", "tier": 2, "score": 78, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Saqafi", "communication science degree", "Catalan Philology degree", "Advertising degree", "Bachelor Phil. Icelandic", "bachelor's degree in political science", "Bachelor of Sociology", "Bachelor of Education", "Bachelor of Laws", "Bachelor of Economics", "Bachelor's degree in Biomedical Sciences", "bachelor's degree in Physics", "Bachelor for bible studies", "Bachelor for the Sentences of Lombardus", "Bachelor for theology", "Bachelor of Architecture", "Bachelor of Electrical Engineering", "Bachelor of Pharmacy", "Bachelor of Philosophy", "Bachelor of Psychology", "Bachelor in French Philology", "Bachelor in Greek Philology", "Bachelor in Sports Management", "Bachelor in military science", "Bachelor's degree in Optics and Optometry", "Bachelor's degree in Social and Political Sciences", "Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering", "Bachelor's degree in business management", "Bachelor's degree in pedagogy In primary education", "Bachelor's degree in geography", "Bachelor's degree in public administration and political science", "Bachelor's degree in social studies", "Bachelor's degree in history and archaeology", "Bachelor's degree in history", "Bachelor's degree in byzantine archaeology", "Bachelor's degree in medicine", "Bachelor's degree in Culture of Greece", "Bachelor in English Philology", "Bachelor of Child Psychology", "Bachelor of Electrical and Computer Engineering" ], "aliasCount": 245, "merged": 247, "knownIn": 78, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q163727", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163727", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T10:49:39Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q163727", "registryId": "vr.tr.bachelor-s-degree", "name": "bachelor's degree", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q163727/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bachelor-s-degree", "name": "bachelor's degree", "purpose": "Let an agent handle bachelor degrees by type, field, institution, accreditation and recognition across countries.", "definition": "An undergraduate academic degree awarded after typically three to four years of study, such as the Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science and professional bachelor degrees; EQF level 6 in Europe.", "what_it_is_for": "First-cycle higher education and entry to careers and further study.", "affordances": [ "compare bachelor degree types", "check accreditation and recognition", "find admission requirements", "understand credit frameworks" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Undergraduate degree", "Typically 3-4 years", "Recognised in national frameworks", "Entry to many professions" ], "appearance": "A diploma and transcript issued by a university or college.", "visual_identification": [ "Titles such as BA, BSc, BEng", "EQF level 6", "Associate degrees are shorter" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "ECTS credits", "typical_range": "about 180-240", "unit": "credits", "note": "Bologna framework" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Bachelor of Arts", "Bachelor of Science", "professional and applied bachelor degrees", "honours degrees", "religious and specialised bachelor degrees" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "undergraduate degree", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "precedes", "target": "master's degree", "why": "next level" }, { "relation": "is awarded by", "target": "university", "why": "institution" }, { "relation": "is recognised by", "target": "ENIC-NARIC network", "why": "recognition" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Bologna Process and EQF", "Lisbon Recognition Convention", "National accreditation" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Degree mills", "Unrecognised foreign degrees" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "degree", "name": "Degree", "description": "Which degree.", "rationale": "Types differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "type", "name": "Type", "description": "BA, BSc.", "findings": [ { "id": "type-finding", "name": "Type", "description": "Degree type.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which bachelor degree type and field is meant?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How long does it take?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "level", "name": "Level", "description": "Framework.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-finding", "name": "Level", "description": "Qualification level.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which framework level is it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How many credits does it carry?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institution", "name": "Institution", "description": "Provider.", "rationale": "Accreditation matters.", "layers": [ { "id": "accreditation", "name": "Accreditation", "description": "Quality.", "findings": [ { "id": "accreditation-finding", "name": "Accreditation", "description": "Accreditation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the institution and programme accredited?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "By which body?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fraud", "name": "Fraud", "description": "Degree mills.", "findings": [ { "id": "fraud-finding", "name": "Fraud", "description": "Degree mills.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could this provider be a degree mill?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How can it be verified?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "admission", "name": "Admission", "description": "Applying.", "rationale": "Applicants need facts.", "layers": [ { "id": "requirements", "name": "Requirements", "description": "Entry.", "findings": [ { "id": "requirements-finding", "name": "Requirements", "description": "Entry requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the entry requirements?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which application system is used?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "costs", "name": "Costs", "description": "Fees and support.", "findings": [ { "id": "costs-finding", "name": "Costs", "description": "Fees and support.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the tuition fees and student support options?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Where is official information?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "recognition", "name": "Recognition", "description": "Abroad.", "rationale": "Recognition varies.", "layers": [ { "id": "abroad", "name": "Abroad", "description": "Other countries.", "findings": [ { "id": "abroad-finding", "name": "Abroad", "description": "Recognition abroad.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the degree recognised in another country?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which recognition centre can check?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "professions", "name": "Professions", "description": "Regulated jobs.", "findings": [ { "id": "professions-finding", "name": "Professions", "description": "Regulated professions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the degree qualify for a regulated profession?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What else is required?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should degree types be separate entries?", "How should recognition data be linked?", "How should honours classifications be handled?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a bachelor's degree, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle bachelor degrees by type, field, institution, accreditation and recognition across countries.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Saqafi, communication science degree, Catalan Philology degree, Advertising degree, Bachelor Phil. Icelandic, bachelor's degree in political science, Bachelor of Sociology, Bachelor of Education, Bachelor of Laws, Bachelor of Economics, Bachelor's degree in Biomedical Sciences, bachelor's degree in Physics.", "247 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a bachelor's degree, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Saqafi", "communication science degree", "Catalan Philology degree", "Advertising degree", "Bachelor Phil. Icelandic", "bachelor's degree in political science", "Bachelor of Sociology", "Bachelor of Education", "Bachelor of Laws", "Bachelor of Economics", "Bachelor's degree in Biomedical Sciences", "bachelor's degree in Physics" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 247 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one bachelor's degree from another, and a bachelor's degree from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a bachelor's degree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a bachelor's degree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a bachelor's degree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a bachelor's degree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a bachelor's degree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a bachelor's degree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a bachelor's degree sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a bachelor's degree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a bachelor's degree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a bachelor's degree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a bachelor's degree from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a bachelor's degree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a bachelor's degree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a bachelor's degree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a bachelor's degree passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a bachelor's degree between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a bachelor's degree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a bachelor's degree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a bachelor's degree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a bachelor's degree, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a bachelor's degree is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a bachelor's degree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a bachelor's degree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a bachelor's degree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What bachelor's degree is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of bachelor's degree are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is bachelor's degree operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of bachelor's degree and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of bachelor's degree?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as bachelor's degree?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a bachelor's degree came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a bachelor's degree and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a bachelor's degree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a bachelor's degree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a bachelor's degree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a bachelor's degree is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a bachelor's degree, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a bachelor's degree, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a bachelor's degree is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }