{ "model": { "rank": 3153, "code": "thing-q163740", "model_id": "vr.tr.nonprofit-organization", "name": "nonprofit organization", "purpose": "Let an agent handle nonprofits by legal form, purpose, registration, governance and finances, and verify charity status before trusting appeals.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.ORG", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q163740/", "tier": 2, "score": 90, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "disabled veterans’ organization", "imaret", "feminist health centers", "House of Diligence", "settlement house", "human milk bank", "University Affiliated Research Center", "contrada of Siena", "suppressed Contrada of Siena", "diocese of the Catholic Church", "defunct Roman Catholic diocese", "Roman Catholic archdiocese", "Latin patriarchate", "Vere Nullius de San Ildefonso", "Landeskirche", "intact church", "destroyed church", "Rukun Tetangga", "conference team", "společenství vlastníků jednotek", "community organization", "aid agency", "writers union", "US-Ireland Alliance", "Māori not-for-profit social enterprises", "Instituição Particular de Solidariedade Social", "Center for Public Interest & Human Rights Law", "Rouvasväenyhdistys", "evidovaná právnická osoba církve a náboženské společnosti", "Religious association (Kazakhstan)", "religious corporation", "public association", "ERIKS", "academy trust", "volunteer-run organization", "social-profit organization", "non-profit organization", "transportation management association", "BooksOnWall", "non profit company" ], "aliasCount": 241, "merged": 245, "knownIn": 90, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q163740", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163740", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:15:23Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q163740", "registryId": "vr.tr.nonprofit-organization", "name": "nonprofit organization", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.ORG" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q163740/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.nonprofit-organization", "name": "nonprofit organization", "purpose": "Let an agent handle nonprofits by legal form, purpose, registration, governance and finances, and verify charity status before trusting appeals.", "definition": "An organisation that operates for a public or mutual benefit purpose rather than distributing profits to owners, such as a charity, association, foundation or community organisation.", "what_it_is_for": "Pursuing social, cultural, educational, health or mutual aid purposes.", "affordances": [ "donate to or volunteer with it", "verify its registration", "read its accounts and reports", "hold it to account through regulators" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Non-distribution of profits to owners", "Purpose-driven, often with tax advantages", "Regulated by charity regulators in many countries", "Can earn revenue while remaining nonprofit" ], "appearance": "Offices, services, websites and campaigns; charity registration numbers on materials.", "visual_identification": [ "Charity or nonprofit registration numbers", "Legal forms such as foundation or association", "Services such as settlement houses, milk banks or veterans organisations" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "charities", "associations and societies", "foundations", "social enterprises in nonprofit form", "religious and community organisations" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "organization", "why": "legal entity" }, { "relation": "is regulated by", "target": "charity regulator", "why": "oversight" }, { "relation": "receives", "target": "donation", "why": "funding" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "social enterprise", "why": "may distribute profit" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "charity registration number", "value_or_pattern": "jurisdiction-specific", "note": "for example England and Wales charity numbers" }, { "scheme": "EIN with 501(c)(3) status", "value_or_pattern": "nine digits", "note": "United States" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Charity law and regulators", "Tax exemption rules", "Fundraising regulation", "Anti-money-laundering rules for nonprofits" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Fake charities and scam appeals", "Governance failures", "Misuse of funds" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity", "name": "Identity", "description": "Which organisation.", "rationale": "Registration identifies nonprofits.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Registration", "description": "Registry and number.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-finding", "name": "Registration", "description": "Registration details.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is it registered, and under which number?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is its registration current?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "form", "name": "Legal form", "description": "Charity, association, foundation.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-finding", "name": "Form", "description": "Its legal form.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is its legal form?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What tax status does it have?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "purpose-and-activities", "name": "Purpose and activities", "description": "What it does.", "rationale": "Purpose defines a nonprofit.", "layers": [ { "id": "purpose", "name": "Purpose", "description": "Objects.", "findings": [ { "id": "purpose-finding", "name": "Purpose", "description": "Stated objects.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is its registered purpose?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Do its activities match it?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "services", "name": "Services", "description": "Programmes.", "findings": [ { "id": "services-finding", "name": "Services", "description": "Services provided.", "questions": [ { "text": "What services does it provide, and to whom?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How can people access them?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-finance", "name": "Governance and finance", "description": "How it is run and funded.", "rationale": "Accounts show where money goes.", "layers": [ { "id": "governance", "name": "Governance", "description": "Trustees and board.", "findings": [ { "id": "governance-finding", "name": "Governance", "description": "Who governs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who are its trustees or directors?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How are conflicts managed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "finance", "name": "Finance", "description": "Income and spending.", "findings": [ { "id": "finance-finding", "name": "Accounts", "description": "Financial summary.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are its income and spending, from its latest accounts?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How much goes to its purpose?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "trust", "name": "Trust", "description": "Verifying appeals.", "rationale": "Scam appeals imitate real charities.", "layers": [ { "id": "verification", "name": "Verification", "description": "Checking an appeal.", "findings": [ { "id": "verification-finding", "name": "Verification", "description": "How to verify.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can a donor verify this appeal is genuine?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Does the regulator hold concerns?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "complaints", "name": "Complaints", "description": "Reporting problems.", "findings": [ { "id": "complaints-finding", "name": "Complaints", "description": "Where to complain.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where can concerns be reported?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "What protections exist for whistleblowers?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should legal forms be separate entries?", "How should agents verify charities across jurisdictions?", "How should registration data be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organisation or institution", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a nonprofit organization, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle nonprofits by legal form, purpose, registration, governance and finances, and verify charity status before trusting appeals.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "collective" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: disabled veterans’ organization, imaret, feminist health centers, House of Diligence, settlement house, human milk bank, University Affiliated Research Center, contrada of Siena, suppressed Contrada of Siena, diocese of the Catholic Church, defunct Roman Catholic diocese, Roman Catholic archdiocese.", "245 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 90 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a nonprofit organization, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Acts through people, and only through them.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. Recognised by name, register entry and the people acting in its name, and those change while it stays the same body." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "disabled veterans’ organization", "imaret", "feminist health centers", "House of Diligence", "settlement house", "human milk bank", "University Affiliated Research Center", "contrada of Siena", "suppressed Contrada of Siena", "diocese of the Catholic Church", "defunct Roman Catholic diocese", "Roman Catholic archdiocese" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 90 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 245 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one nonprofit organization from another, and a nonprofit organization from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a nonprofit organization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a nonprofit organization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a nonprofit organization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a nonprofit organization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a nonprofit organization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a nonprofit organization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a nonprofit organization sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a nonprofit organization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a nonprofit organization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a nonprofit organization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a nonprofit organization from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a nonprofit organization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a nonprofit organization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a nonprofit organization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a nonprofit organization passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a nonprofit organization between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a nonprofit organization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a nonprofit organization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a nonprofit organization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a nonprofit organization, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a nonprofit organization is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a nonprofit organization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a nonprofit organization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a nonprofit organization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a nonprofit organization.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a nonprofit organization and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a nonprofit organization, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a nonprofit organization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a nonprofit organization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a nonprofit organization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a nonprofit organization and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a nonprofit organization sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a nonprofit organization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a nonprofit organization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a nonprofit organization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-identity", "name": "Legal identity and mandate", "description": "What nonprofit organization is in law and what it exists to do.", "rationale": "Legal identity survives changes of name, address, staff and premises, which is exactly why it must be recorded separately from all of them.", "layers": [ { "id": "registration", "name": "Legal form and registration", "description": "Form, register, identifiers and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "registration-record", "name": "Registration and identifiers", "description": "What names this body unambiguously in law.", "questions": [ { "id": "registration-record-q01", "text": "What legal form does nonprofit organization take, in which register, under which identifier?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "registration-record-q02", "text": "What survives a rename, a merger or a move of premises, and what does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate", "name": "Mandate and governing instrument", "description": "The purpose it is bound to and the document that binds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "mandate-record", "name": "Mandate and its source", "description": "What it may do, and the instrument that says so.", "questions": [ { "id": "mandate-record-q01", "text": "What is the mandate of nonprofit organization, and which founding or governing instrument grants it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "mandate-record-q02", "text": "What lies outside the mandate, and what should an agent do when asked for it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "governance-and-membership", "name": "Governance, membership and decision rights", "description": "Who decides in nonprofit organization and who belongs to it.", "rationale": "Authority inside an organisation is held by roles, not people, and an agent needs to know which role can commit it.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-rights", "name": "Decision rights", "description": "Bodies, offices and what each may bind.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-map", "name": "Who may bind the organisation", "description": "The offices that can commit it and their limits.", "questions": [ { "id": "authority-map-q01", "text": "Which bodies or offices of nonprofit organization may take which decisions, and up to what limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "authority-map-q02", "text": "What evidence shows that a given person currently holds that office?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership", "name": "Membership and affiliation", "description": "Who counts as part of it and on what terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-rules", "name": "Membership and its evidence", "description": "Classes of member, how membership starts and ends.", "questions": [ { "id": "membership-rules-q01", "text": "What kinds of membership or affiliation does nonprofit organization have, and how does each begin and end?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "membership-rules-q02", "text": "What may a member do in its name, and what may they not?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a nonprofit organization came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a nonprofit organization and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a nonprofit organization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a nonprofit organization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a nonprofit organization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a nonprofit organization is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a nonprofit organization, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a nonprofit organization, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a nonprofit organization is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }