{ "model": { "rank": 4332, "code": "thing-q163759", "model_id": "vr.tr.horn", "name": "horn", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an audible signalling horn, assess its readiness and decide whether and how it may be sounded, tested or serviced.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q163759/", "tier": 2, "score": 76, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "electromagnetically operated horn", "German horn", "Orlo", "cor solo" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 76, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.horn-artifact", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q163759", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163759", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:59:08Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087bf-c4e9-7b31-bd6d-f7e16b9c3de8\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: horn\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registered ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 61.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087bf-c4fb-7d03-b59e-bd351962d89b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: horn\nRegistry id: vr.tr.horn\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for th" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q163759", "registryId": "vr.tr.horn", "name": "horn", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q163759/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.horn", "name": "horn", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an audible signalling horn, assess its readiness and decide whether and how it may be sounded, tested or serviced.", "definition": "A horn is an acoustic signalling device that produces a conspicuous sound, typically through an electrically driven diaphragm or a pressurised gas supply, to warn others or attract attention.", "scope_statement": "This draft provisionally interprets horn as a device that produces an audible signal when actuated; it owns horn-specific sound production, activation, installation and serviceability, while registry research must confirm this sense rather than a musical instrument or anatomical horn.", "in_scope": [ "Audible signalling horns operated electrically, pneumatically or by direct manual effort", "Sound-generating elements and integral resonators or flared outlets", "Horn-specific activation, power or pressure requirements and operating states", "Acoustic output, signal patterns and intended warning or communication function", "Mounting, environmental exposure, inspection and serviceability" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Musical horns and their performance techniques", "Animal horns, horn tissue and objects classified primarily by that material", "Passive acoustic horns used only to direct or couple sound from a separate source", "Complete vehicles, vessels or alarm systems that incorporate a horn", "Sirens, bells and general-purpose loudspeakers classified as neighbouring signalling devices" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its intended output is an audible signal for warning or communication, rather than musical performance; sound alone may not resolve this boundary.", "The modelled assembly generates a signal when supplied with its required actuation and energy, rather than serving solely as a passive flared acoustic attachment.", "Its identity depends on the sound-producing assembly and signalling role, not merely on having a horn-shaped exterior.", "A rotating siren mechanism, struck bell or general-purpose audio speaker calls for a neighbouring classification unless registry evidence explicitly includes it.", "The registered kind remains distinct from a manufacturer's horn product, an installed unit and an individual sounding event." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Signalling application", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "vehicle warning; marine signalling; industrial warning; handheld signalling; other; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which signal meanings, installation constraints and operating rules require research." }, { "name": "Sound-generation mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "electromagnetically driven diaphragm; pressure-driven diaphragm or reed; electronic transducer; other; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the relevant supply requirements, faults and service actions." }, { "name": "Energy and supply requirements", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "As applicable: V, A, W, pressure in kPa with gauge or absolute basis, airflow in L/min with reference conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supports compatibility checks and distinguishes inadequate supply from a failed horn." }, { "name": "Acoustic output", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Sound pressure level in dB with weighting, distance, direction, operating conditions and test method recorded", "why_it_matters": "An unqualified loudness number cannot establish signal effectiveness or exposure." }, { "name": "Frequency content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Hz for measured fundamental, dominant frequencies or frequency range, with method stated", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess signal recognition, masking and changes associated with faults." }, { "name": "Actuation and signal behaviour", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "momentary; latched; externally timed; internally patterned; single-tone; multi-tone; other", "why_it_matters": "Determines what an activation command produces and how sounding stops." }, { "name": "Operating duration limits", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Maximum sounding duration in s and duty cycle in %, where specified", "why_it_matters": "Constrains testing and repeated operation against overheating or supply depletion." }, { "name": "Installation interfaces", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Mount, electrical supply or air supply, actuator or controller, host equipment", "why_it_matters": "Locates the dependencies that must be checked before installation or fault diagnosis." }, { "name": "Readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unverified; ready; degraded; inoperative; isolated; sounding unintentionally", "why_it_matters": "Separates an observed operating state from an unsupported assumption of readiness." }, { "name": "Applicable requirements and evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified issuing body, document edition, application, jurisdiction and supporting test or approval record", "why_it_matters": "Allows a compliance claim to be evaluated for the actual horn and installation." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate signalling device and flag unresolved horn-versus-siren or horn-versus-instrument boundaries.", "Check compatibility with a proposed electrical or pneumatic supply and mounting position.", "Determine whether activation or testing is appropriate under the documented operating and acoustic constraints.", "Compare measured sound output with a specified requirement or a previous verified baseline.", "Diagnose weak, intermittent, absent or continuous unintended sounding.", "Identify supported cleaning, adjustment, repair or replacement actions and the checks needed before return to service." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "signalling-identity", "name": "Signalling identity", "description": "Establishes which horn sense is intended and what its audible signal is meant to accomplish.", "rationale": "The registry name is ambiguous, and a signalling horn must be distinguished from both musical horns and adjacent warning devices.", "layers": [ { "id": "horn-sense-and-boundary", "name": "Horn sense and boundary", "description": "Resolves the intended sense and the extent of the sound-producing assembly.", "findings": [ { "id": "signalling-horn-membership", "name": "Signalling horn membership", "description": "Record evidence for classifying the thing as an audible signalling horn; the present sense selection remains provisional.", "questions": [ { "text": "What registry provenance establishes that horn means an audible signalling device here?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "signalling-horn-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Does the entry own the complete sound-producing assembly or only a passive horn-shaped acoustic component?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "signalling-horn-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "signal-purpose", "name": "Signal purpose", "description": "Connects the horn's use to its intended listeners and signal meaning.", "findings": [ { "id": "intended-audible-message", "name": "Intended audible message", "description": "Record whether meaning comes from simple presence of sound, tone selection or a timed sequence, and identify who controls that sequence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What warning or communication is the horn intended to convey, and to whom?", "kind": "definition", "id": "intended-audible-message-q01" }, { "text": "Is the signal pattern generated within the horn, by its operator or by an external controller?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "intended-audible-message-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sound-production-and-actuation", "name": "Sound production and actuation", "description": "Describes how energy becomes an audible signal and how sounding starts and stops.", "rationale": "Different horn mechanisms require different supplies, diagnostic reasoning and limits on operation.", "layers": [ { "id": "excitation-and-resonance", "name": "Excitation and resonance", "description": "Identifies the sound generator, resonating components and their required supply.", "findings": [ { "id": "sound-generating-path", "name": "Sound-generating path", "description": "Record the mechanism that initiates vibration and the components that shape or radiate the resulting sound.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which diaphragm, reed, transducer or other mechanism generates the sound, and which components shape it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "sound-generating-path-q01" }, { "text": "What voltage and current, pressure and airflow, or manual input does this horn require under specified conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "sound-generating-path-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "activation-and-duty", "name": "Activation and duty", "description": "Captures actuation behaviour, release behaviour and limits on repeated sounding.", "findings": [ { "id": "controlled-sounding-cycle", "name": "Controlled sounding cycle", "description": "Record how the horn is commanded, what terminates sounding and any documented duration or recovery limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "What action starts sounding, what stops it, and what happens if the command or supply is interrupted?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-sounding-cycle-q01" }, { "text": "What maximum sounding duration, duty cycle or recovery interval is specified, and under which supply conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "controlled-sounding-cycle-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "acoustic-performance-and-installation", "name": "Acoustic performance and installation", "description": "Connects measurable sound output to the horn's placement and intended operating environment.", "rationale": "Horn effectiveness cannot be judged from nominal loudness without accounting for measurement conditions, mounting and competing sound.", "layers": [ { "id": "measured-signal", "name": "Measured signal", "description": "Records reproducible evidence of loudness, frequency content and temporal behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-acoustic-output", "name": "Qualified acoustic output", "description": "Describe acoustic performance with enough test context to compare it meaningfully against a requirement or baseline.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sound pressure level is measured at a stated distance and direction, with which weighting and supply conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualified-acoustic-output-q01" }, { "text": "What frequencies and sounding pattern characterise the signal, and what evidence shows it can be recognised in the intended background noise?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualified-acoustic-output-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mounting-and-sound-path", "name": "Mounting and sound path", "description": "Addresses outlet orientation, obstructions, mechanical support and exposure at the installation.", "findings": [ { "id": "installed-acoustic-path", "name": "Installed acoustic path", "description": "Record how the installation affects sound radiation and whether environmental exposure threatens the outlet or sound generator.", "questions": [ { "text": "What mounting envelope, outlet orientation and clearances are specified, and is the sound path obstructed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "installed-acoustic-path-q01" }, { "text": "What installation measures are required for water, debris, vibration or corrosion at this location?", "kind": "action", "id": "installed-acoustic-path-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "readiness-and-permitted-use", "name": "Readiness and permitted use", "description": "Supports diagnosis, service decisions and use within documented operational requirements.", "rationale": "A horn may be physically present yet unable to signal effectively, or may sound when it should not; readiness and permission to operate require distinct evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "faults-and-service", "name": "Faults and service", "description": "Links audible symptoms and supply observations to supported corrective actions.", "findings": [ { "id": "horn-readiness-evidence", "name": "Horn readiness evidence", "description": "Record the most recent functional evidence, observed symptoms and manufacturer-supported service options without assuming every horn is adjustable or repairable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does testing show normal, weak, intermittent, absent or unintended continuous sounding, and what supply measurements accompany that observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "horn-readiness-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which isolation, cleaning, adjustment, repair or replacement steps are supported, and what test restores confidence in readiness?", "kind": "action", "id": "horn-readiness-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "requirements-and-safe-testing", "name": "Requirements and safe testing", "description": "Associates use and testing with applicable rules, verified approvals and acoustic exposure controls.", "findings": [ { "id": "application-specific-operation", "name": "Application-specific operation", "description": "Record requirements for the particular application and distinguish approval of a horn product from conformity of its installed configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which issuing bodies, requirement editions and approval records apply to this horn's application and installed configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "application-specific-operation-q01" }, { "text": "Under what operating conditions may this horn be sounded or tested, and what controls address acoustic exposure and unintended signalling?", "kind": "action", "id": "application-specific-operation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry records no sense; the warning-device interpretation follows the device context, but PHY.OBJ alone does not settle the ambiguity.", "The applicable edition and scope of UN Regulation No. 28 should be checked before using it for compliance.", "Sound pressure level, frequency and pneumatic supply pressure depend on application and design; no universal typical range is asserted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of horn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Electromagnetic diaphragm horn", "Compressed-air horn", "Steam horn", "Hand-squeezed bulb horn" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of horn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "UN Regulation No. 28, issued within the UNECE vehicle-regulation framework, addresses audible warning devices and motor vehicles with regard to their audible signals." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of horn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Warning other road users of a vehicle's presence or an immediate danger", "Giving railway approach and operational warning signals", "Providing audible signals aboard vessels", "Signalling hazards around industrial equipment" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of horn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Nominal electrical supply voltage for road-vehicle horns", "typical_range": "Commonly 12 or 24", "unit": "V DC" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of horn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Loss of electrical power, faulty wiring or a failed switch prevents sounding.", "Diaphragm damage, corrosion or contamination weakens or distorts the sound.", "Leaks or inadequate pressure disable or weaken pneumatic horns.", "A stuck relay or control can cause continuous unintended sounding.", "High sound levels can damage hearing at close range; background noise can mask the warning." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of horn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Vehicle approval requirements and restrictions on horn use vary by jurisdiction.", "Railway and maritime signal conventions depend on the applicable operating rules." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of horn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Musical horn", "difference": "A musical horn is designed for controlled musical performance; this entry describes a warning or signalling device." }, { "name": "Animal horn", "difference": "An animal horn is an anatomical structure; this entry describes a manufactured acoustic device." }, { "name": "Siren", "difference": "A siren typically produces a cyclically varying or pulsed warning tone; a horn typically produces a substantially steady tone while activated." }, { "name": "Acoustic horn", "difference": "An acoustic horn is a flared structure that couples and directs sound; it can be a component of a signalling horn without itself generating sound." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of horn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does registry provenance confirm an audible signalling horn, or does this entry instead denote a musical horn, anatomical horn or passive acoustic horn?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this concept and therefore need to remain its single source of truth?", "Which device families belong within the confirmed registry boundary, particularly electronic sounders and devices marketed interchangeably as horns or sirens?", "Which authoritative application-specific requirements define acoustic tests, signal patterns, installation constraints and approval evidence?", "What sourced ranges for dimensions, supply requirements, acoustic output, operating duration and service procedures can be stated without treating one horn family as universal?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a horn, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an audible signalling horn, assess its readiness and decide whether and how it may be sounded, tested or serviced.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: electromagnetically operated horn, German horn, Orlo, cor solo.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a horn, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "electromagnetically operated horn", "German horn", "Orlo", "cor solo" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one horn from another, and a horn from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a horn sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a horn from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a horn is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a horn is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a horn is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a horn is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a horn is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a horn is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a horn passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a horn between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a horn, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a horn is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What horn is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does horn perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise horn, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How horn is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does horn have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does horn need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about horn is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about horn hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern horn, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a horn came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a horn and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a horn is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a horn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a horn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a horn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }