{ "model": { "rank": 2999, "code": "thing-q165112", "model_id": "vr.tr.popcorn", "name": "popcorn", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise popcorn, assess its preparation and eating state, and choose suitable preparation, storage or serving actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q165112/", "tier": 2, "score": 93, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Cotton Puffs", "X Puffs", "Pluto Puffs", "Tarantula Puffs", "Yomogi Popcorn", "Tiny but Mighty Popcorn", "Smartfood", "kettle corn", "microwave popcorn", "Pop Secret" ], "aliasCount": 10, "merged": 10, "knownIn": 93, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q165112", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165112", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:12:26Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01088102, "turns": 1, "seconds": 178.6, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 102.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c31-d158-7203-99c7-b1b451a8ec34\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: popcorn\nRegistry id: vr.tr.popcorn\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy m" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q165112", "registryId": "vr.tr.popcorn", "name": "popcorn", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q165112/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.popcorn", "name": "popcorn", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise popcorn, assess its preparation and eating state, and choose suitable preparation, storage or serving actions.", "definition": "Popcorn is a flint-type maize (Zea mays L., everta group) whose hard, relatively impermeable pericarp traps steam in a densely packed, mostly glassy endosperm until the hull ruptures and the gelatinized starch expands into a foam; the same name is used for that popped snack.", "scope_statement": "This model owns popcorn as kernels intended for popping, partially popped material and popped food, including the properties and transformations needed to distinguish and handle those states.", "in_scope": [ "Identity and provenance of kernels or prepared food represented as popcorn", "Unpopped, partially popped and popped states within a portion or batch", "Popping inputs, preparation conditions and observed outcomes", "Expansion, texture, scorching and residual hard kernels", "Added fats, seasonings and coatings as they affect the popcorn", "Exposure history, packaging condition and readiness for further preparation or serving" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Maize cultivation, breeding and agricultural production systems", "Popper, microwave and stove design, maintenance and electrical safety", "Packaging manufacture and general packaging material specifications", "Independent models of oils, sugars, salts and other ingredients", "A person's dietary requirements, allergies or swallowing abilities", "Retail transactions, inventory accounting and cinema concession operations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "For unpopped material, establish evidence that the maize kernels are intended for popping; kernel appearance alone may not distinguish them reliably from other maize.", "For popped material, look for expanded irregular pieces with evidence of a ruptured kernel hull, rather than identifying any puffed cereal snack as popcorn.", "Distinguish popcorn from extruded corn puffs using ingredient and process evidence: a corn ingredient declaration alone does not establish popcorn identity.", "Distinguish an individual popped piece from an unpopped or partially popped kernel by recording expansion and any remaining compact, hard kernel portion.", "For coated or bound products, establish whether identifiable popped kernels remain the constituent food or whether popcorn is merely an ingredient in another product." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Popcorn identity evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to product declarations, supplier records or observed preparation", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition when appearance or a generic maize ingredient label is insufficient." }, { "name": "Preparation state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unpopped | partially popped | popped | mixed | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether further popping, sorting or serving is a relevant action." }, { "name": "Kernel moisture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percent moisture, with measurement method and wet- or dry-basis convention", "why_it_matters": "Allows investigation of popping performance without treating all kernel lots as equivalent." }, { "name": "Popping method", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "hot air | heated vessel with fat | heated vessel without fat | microwave | other | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Provides context for interpreting preparation conditions and comparing outcomes." }, { "name": "Expansion yield", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mL of popped product per g of starting kernels, with sampling and packing method", "why_it_matters": "Makes batch expansion comparable when the measurement procedure is consistent." }, { "name": "Unpopped and partially popped fraction", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percent by count or mass, with categories and denominator stated", "why_it_matters": "Describes incomplete preparation and the need to remove residual hard kernels." }, { "name": "Popped-piece texture", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "crisp | chewy | tough | soft | mixed | unassessed, with assessment method", "why_it_matters": "Supports judgments about eating quality and changes after preparation." }, { "name": "Scorching extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Affected fraction by count or mass, or a documented observational rating", "why_it_matters": "Separates insufficient popping from excessive heating and supports batch disposition." }, { "name": "Added ingredients and coverage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Ingredient references, amount when known, application stage and coverage", "why_it_matters": "Explains differences in handling, texture and suitability for an intended recipient." }, { "name": "Post-popping exposure", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Time-linked records of open, covered or sealed storage and relevant environmental observations", "why_it_matters": "Helps interpret texture changes and uncertainty about the prepared food's condition." } ], "affordances": [ "Select a popping method using the kernel or product instructions and available equipment.", "Monitor preparation and record why heating was stopped.", "Separate popped pieces from residual hard kernels and visibly damaged material.", "Apply or compare seasonings and coatings while preserving ingredient traceability.", "Assess texture and choose an appropriate storage or serving action.", "Compare popping outcomes across kernel lots using consistent measurements." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "usda-popcorn-grain-standards", "title": "Official United States Standards for Grain: Popcorn", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "US commodity definition of popcorn as a grain, the White/Yellow/Mixed classes, and grade factors including damage, foreign material and popping performance." }, { "id": "hoseney-1983-popping-mechanism", "title": "Mechanism of popcorn popping", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Physical account of popping: moisture in the glassy endosperm, pericarp as a pressure vessel, starch gelatinization and foam expansion (Journal of Cereal Science, Hoseney, Zeleznak and Abdelrahman, 1983)." }, { "id": "codex-cxs-153-1985", "title": "Standard for Maize (Corn), CXS 153-1985", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Codex Alimentarius quality and safety frame for maize as food, the commodity family that includes popcorn kernels." }, { "id": "niosh-flavorings-lung-disease", "title": "Flavorings-Related Lung Disease", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Occupational bronchiolitis obliterans in microwave-popcorn and flavouring workers exposed to diacetyl and related alpha-diketones (CDC/NIOSH)." }, { "id": "wikipedia-popcorn", "title": "Popcorn", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popcorn", "what_it_supports": "Overview of everta maize, butterfly versus mushroom types, culinary forms, and the cultural history of the snack.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "popcorn-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Popcorn identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what material is being called popcorn and which physical portion the assessment concerns.", "rationale": "Unpopped maize, expanded corn snacks and foods containing popcorn can otherwise be mistaken for equivalent things.", "layers": [ { "id": "kernel-and-product-identity", "name": "Kernel and product identity", "description": "Records evidence connecting the material to popcorn rather than maize or puffed cereal in general.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Identity evidence", "description": "The agent can distinguish an asserted popcorn identity from one supported by a product record or observed popping.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies this material as popcorn rather than another maize product or an extruded corn snack?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which supplier declaration, package label or observed preparation supports that identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "portion-and-composite-boundary", "name": "Portion and composite boundary", "description": "Separates individual kernels, batches and popcorn incorporated into larger foods.", "findings": [ { "id": "assessed-material-boundary", "name": "Assessed material boundary", "description": "The agent can identify whether observations describe one piece, a mixed batch or a popcorn constituent of a composite food.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this assessment concern a kernel, a popped piece, a prepared batch or the popcorn component of another food?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "assessed-material-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "For a bound or heavily coated product, which properties belong to the popcorn and which belong to the surrounding food?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "assessed-material-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kernel-readiness-and-popping", "name": "Kernel readiness and popping", "description": "Connects the starting kernels and preparation conditions to the observed popping transition.", "rationale": "An agent needs to reason about a heat-driven transformation whose outcome depends on both the starting material and the preparation method.", "layers": [ { "id": "starting-kernel-condition", "name": "Starting kernel condition", "description": "Captures lot identity, kernel condition and available moisture evidence before heating.", "findings": [ { "id": "popping-input-condition", "name": "Popping input condition", "description": "The agent can record the starting kernel state without assuming that age, appearance or storage history establishes popping readiness.", "questions": [ { "text": "What kernel lot, storage history and visible damage are associated with the portion selected for popping?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "popping-input-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Has kernel moisture been measured, and what method and reporting basis were used?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "popping-input-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "heating-and-transition", "name": "Heating and transition", "description": "Records how popping was attempted and the observations used to control or end preparation.", "findings": [ { "id": "popping-process-record", "name": "Popping process record", "description": "The agent can relate a preparation outcome to the method, load, added fat and observed progression of popping.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which popping method, starting quantity, fat addition and heating duration were used?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "popping-process-record-q01" }, { "text": "What applicable instructions and observed changes in popping activity or scorching guide when heating should stop?", "kind": "action", "id": "popping-process-record-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "expansion-and-batch-quality", "name": "Expansion and batch quality", "description": "Describes successful expansion, incomplete popping and eating-quality variation within a batch.", "rationale": "A batch labelled popped can still contain materially different pieces, so average appearance alone cannot support sorting or quality judgments.", "layers": [ { "id": "expansion-and-residual-kernels", "name": "Expansion and residual kernels", "description": "Measures the distribution of popped, partially popped and unpopped material.", "findings": [ { "id": "popping-outcome-distribution", "name": "Popping outcome distribution", "description": "The agent can quantify expansion and residual hard material using explicitly stated methods.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fractions of the assessed batch are popped, partially popped and unpopped, and are those fractions measured by count or mass?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "popping-outcome-distribution-q01" }, { "text": "What popped volume was obtained from the starting kernel mass, and how were loose packing and excluded pieces handled?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "popping-outcome-distribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "texture-and-heat-damage", "name": "Texture and heat damage", "description": "Separates expansion success from crispness, toughness and scorching.", "findings": [ { "id": "popped-piece-condition", "name": "Popped-piece condition", "description": "The agent can record texture and heat damage independently instead of treating expansion as proof of acceptable quality.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were crispness, chewiness or toughness assessed, and how long after popping was the assessment made?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "popped-piece-condition-q01" }, { "text": "How much material shows evidence of scorching, and how is that distinguished from colour introduced by seasoning or coating?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "popped-piece-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "seasonings-and-coatings", "name": "Seasonings and coatings", "description": "Records what was added to the popcorn and how those additions alter the resulting food.", "rationale": "Fat, powders and binding coatings affect popcorn differently and can change portion behaviour, texture and recipient suitability.", "layers": [ { "id": "ingredient-additions", "name": "Ingredient additions", "description": "Maintains the distinction between the kernel base and ingredients introduced during or after popping.", "findings": [ { "id": "addition-provenance", "name": "Addition provenance", "description": "The agent can identify added ingredients and preserve uncertainty where a flavour name does not reveal composition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which fats, seasonings or coating ingredients were added, in what quantities and at which preparation stage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "addition-provenance-q01" }, { "text": "Which ingredient declarations support the composition record, and which additions remain unidentified?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "addition-provenance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "coating-state-and-distribution", "name": "Coating state and distribution", "description": "Describes coverage, loose seasoning and adhesion between popped pieces.", "findings": [ { "id": "surface-and-cluster-condition", "name": "Surface and cluster condition", "description": "The agent can distinguish separately coated pieces from sticky or deliberately bound clusters and record uneven application.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the addition distributed evenly, concentrated on some pieces or present mainly as loose residue?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-and-cluster-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Does the coating leave separate pieces, temporary clumps or a deliberately bound product requiring a neighbouring food model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "surface-and-cluster-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "holding-and-serving-decisions", "name": "Holding and serving decisions", "description": "Connects storage and exposure evidence to the next action for kernels or prepared popcorn.", "rationale": "Unpopped kernels and prepared popcorn require different decisions, while coatings and residual hard kernels can change what serving preparation is needed.", "layers": [ { "id": "storage-and-exposure-history", "name": "Storage and exposure history", "description": "Tracks whether condition changes occurred before popping or while holding the prepared food.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-change-evidence", "name": "Condition-change evidence", "description": "The agent can connect observed texture or odour changes to documented exposure without inventing a universal shelf life.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the material stored as kernels or popped food, and when was its package opened or the popcorn prepared?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-change-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What changes in texture, odour, coating condition or visible appearance have been observed during storage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-change-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "next-action-readiness", "name": "Next-action readiness", "description": "Identifies the evidence and preparation still needed before further processing or serving.", "findings": [ { "id": "portion-disposition", "name": "Portion disposition", "description": "The agent can choose a supported next step while keeping product condition separate from recipient-specific requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sorting, cooling or coating-setting step is still required before this portion is ready for its intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "portion-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Which product instructions, ingredient records and externally supplied recipient requirements govern whether this portion may be served?", "kind": "action", "id": "portion-disposition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Butterfly (snowflake) popcorn - irregular winged flakes, the usual cinema and bowl snack", "Mushroom popcorn - compact near-spherical popped form used for candy coating and heavy handling", "Yellow-kernel popcorn - USDA grain class; cream-yellow flake, the bulk North American crop", "White-kernel popcorn - USDA grain class; typically smaller flake, often sold as tender or thin-hull", "Mixed popcorn - USDA class of mixed kernel colours in one lot", "Colored heirloom popcorn - red, blue, calico and other specialty ears grown for colour or novelty", "Microwave popcorn - oil, salt and flavour packed in a susceptor bag and popped in the bag", "Ready-to-eat popped popcorn - pre-popped retail (plain, kettle, caramel, cheese and similar)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of popcorn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q155087", "note": "Item commonly used for popcorn as food." }, { "scheme": "Botanical name", "value_or_pattern": "Zea mays L. var. everta (Sturtev.) L.H.Bailey", "note": "Traditional varietal name for popping maize; many treatments now place it in the everta group of Zea mays subsp. mays." }, { "scheme": "USDA grain standards commodity", "value_or_pattern": "Popcorn", "note": "Inspected as its own grain, not as dent or flint corn; classes White, Yellow, Mixed." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States", "value_or_pattern": "1005.90.20", "note": "Popcorn under maize other than seed; other non-seed maize is classified separately." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "4577", "note": "Taxid of Zea mays, the species; it does not isolate the everta popping group." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of popcorn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Official United States Standards for Grain: Popcorn - USDA Agricultural Marketing Service / Federal Grain Inspection Service (classes, grades, popping-related quality).", "Codex Standard for Maize (Corn), CXS 153-1985 - Codex Alimentarius Commission (FAO/WHO).", "21 CFR food labeling, current good manufacturing practice, and food-contact rules (including microwave-bag packaging) - U.S. Food and Drug Administration.", "Occupational exposure guidance for diacetyl (2,3-butanedione) and 2,3-pentanedione in butter flavourings - NIOSH and OSHA.", "Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on food information to consumers - European Union, for packed popcorn sold in the EU.", "Proposition 65 listings that can apply to diacetyl and to acrylamide in some high-temperature cereal products - California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of popcorn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Cinema and home snack: oil- or air-popped butterfly popcorn, often with salt and butter-type flavour.", "Fair and confection trade: mushroom popcorn bound in caramel, candy coatings or kettle-corn sugar.", "Retail microwave bags as a convenience form of the same kernels plus fat and seasoning.", "Specialty crop: commercial everta hybrids grown mainly in the U.S. Corn Belt and sold as a distinct grain from dent maize.", "Seed and home-garden ears of colored popping maize sold for decoration and small-batch popping." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of popcorn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Kernel moisture (wet basis) for reliable popping", "typical_range": "13.0-14.5 (optimum near 13.5-14.0)", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Popping expansion volume", "typical_range": "35-50 (commercial hybrids often ~40-46)", "unit": "cm³/g" }, { "quantity": "Unpopped kernels after a standard pop", "typical_range": "1-4", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Pericarp rupture / popping temperature", "typical_range": "175-190", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Internal steam pressure at pop", "typical_range": "about 0.8-0.93", "unit": "MPa" }, { "quantity": "Thousand-kernel mass", "typical_range": "110-180", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Energy density of air-popped snack (edible portion)", "typical_range": "380-400", "unit": "kcal/100 g" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of popcorn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Unpopped or half-popped kernels when moisture is outside ~13-14.5%, the pericarp is cracked, or heat is too low.", "Choking and dental fracture from hard unpopped 'old maids'.", "Steam burns and occasional bag fires from microwave popcorn.", "Bronchiolitis obliterans ('popcorn lung') in flavouring and microwave-popcorn plant workers exposed to diacetyl.", "Acrylamide formed in high-temperature popped starch.", "Aflatoxin and fumonisin risk in poorly stored maize lots.", "Historical PFAS grease-barrier chemistry in some microwave bags, now a packaging-safety issue.", "Hull fragments lodging between teeth and gums; oil-popping grease fires on the stove." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of popcorn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "United States: main commercial producer and the cultural home of cinema 'butter' oil and microwave-bag popcorn; Nebraska, Indiana and neighbouring states grow most of the crop.", "Spanish-speaking America: palomitas (de maíz); Mexico mixes industrial snack popcorn with street and home popping.", "United Kingdom and much of Europe: kernels often sold as 'popping corn'; consumption historically tied to cinemas more than to home microwave bags.", "German trade: raw kernels commonly called Puffmais.", "Andean and other American landraces of popping maize predate U.S. hybrids; some African and Asian markets pop sorghum or amaranth as a local popcorn analogue.", "Flavour practice differs: kettle and caramel at fairs, cheese in parts of North America, sweet or savoury seasonings (including nori-style) in East Asia." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of popcorn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Dent (field) maize", "difference": "Floury endosperm and a weaker pericarp give negligible popping expansion in a standard hot-air or oil pop." }, { "name": "Sweet corn", "difference": "Sugary endosperm does not form the glassy, steam-trapping core required to pop." }, { "name": "Non-everta flint maize", "difference": "Hard kernel but low expansion compared with everta; distinguished by a popping-volume test, not by appearance alone." }, { "name": "Extruded corn puffs", "difference": "Shape comes from a cooker-extruder, not from an intact kernel bursting; no pericarp hull and no unpopped 'old maids'." }, { "name": "Popped sorghum", "difference": "Different species (Sorghum bicolor); beads are smaller and the bran pattern is not maize pericarp." }, { "name": "Expanded-polystyrene packing 'peanuts'", "difference": "Polymer foam, not edible starch; melts or dissolves in acetone, whereas popcorn chars and is digestible." }, { "name": "Toasted maize / corn nuts", "difference": "Whole kernels dried or fried without the everta steam-foam expansion; remain dense, not a starch foam." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of popcorn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend popcorn to include both popping kernels and prepared food, and where should bound products such as popcorn balls cross into a neighbouring model?", "Which kernel moisture ranges and measurement methods support useful readiness judgments across different kernel types and popping methods?", "Which standard procedures should govern expansion yield, partial popping and residual-kernel measurements so that batch comparisons are meaningful?", "Which validated observations distinguish acceptable texture changes from deterioration requiring a different disposition, especially for products with added coatings?", "Which product-specific instructions and recipient constraints should govern reheating, attempts to repop residual kernels and serving preparation?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a popcorn, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise popcorn, assess its preparation and eating state, and choose suitable preparation, storage or serving actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Cotton Puffs, X Puffs, Pluto Puffs, Tarantula Puffs, Yomogi Popcorn, Tiny but Mighty Popcorn, Smartfood, kettle corn, microwave popcorn, Pop Secret.", "10 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a popcorn, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Cotton Puffs", "X Puffs", "Pluto Puffs", "Tarantula Puffs", "Yomogi Popcorn", "Tiny but Mighty Popcorn", "Smartfood", "kettle corn", "microwave popcorn", "Pop Secret" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 10 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one popcorn from another, and a popcorn from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a popcorn sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a popcorn from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a popcorn is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a popcorn is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a popcorn is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a popcorn is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a popcorn is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a popcorn is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a popcorn passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a popcorn between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a popcorn, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a popcorn is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a popcorn and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a popcorn is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a popcorn performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a popcorn.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a popcorn at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a popcorn there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What popcorn is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name popcorn unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of popcorn exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How popcorn behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of popcorn, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is popcorn incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How popcorn can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is popcorn classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover popcorn, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a popcorn came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a popcorn and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a popcorn is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a popcorn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a popcorn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a popcorn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }