{
    "model": {
        "rank": 3599,
        "code": "thing-q165192",
        "model_id": "vr.tr.swedes",
        "name": "Swedes",
        "purpose": "Enable an agent to interpret references to Swedes, distinguish cultural belonging from citizenship and residence, and represent Swedish collective identities without assigning identity to individuals from proxies.",
        "family": "Thing Registry",
        "category": "Society, people and institutions",
        "status": "research-draft",
        "kind": "thing",
        "plane": "SOC",
        "domain": "SOC.PER",
        "industry": "",
        "version": "",
        "url": "/models/thing/q165192/",
        "tier": 2,
        "score": 84,
        "payload": {
            "layer": "wikidata",
            "aliases": [
                "Swedes in Norway",
                "Swedes in the United Arab Emirates",
                "Swedes in Brazil"
            ],
            "aliasCount": 3,
            "merged": 3,
            "knownIn": 84,
            "facets": null,
            "markers": [],
            "lexicalClass": "",
            "senseRank": null,
            "alsoRegisteredAs": null,
            "source": {
                "dataset": "wikidata",
                "item": "Q165192",
                "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165192",
                "license": "CC0 1.0"
            }
        },
        "research": {
            "vercy": "1.0-draft",
            "publication": {
                "status": "research-draft",
                "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
                "publishableCanonical": false,
                "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:39:15Z",
                "providers": [
                    "Codex"
                ],
                "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read",
                "missingProviders": [],
                "pass": 2,
                "cost": {
                    "grok": {
                        "seconds": 20.7,
                        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c4d-f026-7d30-afae-7ab02660ce54\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Swedes\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: SOC.PER\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 register",
                        "usd": 0,
                        "recall": true
                    },
                    "codex": {
                        "seconds": 78.6,
                        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c4d-efc7-71f1-b471-107af7c995ca\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Swedes\nRegistry id: vr.tr.swedes\nPlane / domain: SOC / SOC.PER\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext fo"
                    }
                }
            },
            "metaModel": {
                "id": "THING-Q165192",
                "registryId": "vr.tr.swedes",
                "name": "Swedes",
                "version": "0.1.0-research.1",
                "entryKind": "thing",
                "family": "Thing Registry",
                "domain": [
                    "SOC.PER"
                ],
                "status": "research-draft"
            },
            "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q165192/",
            "model": {
                "registry_id": "vr.tr.swedes",
                "name": "Swedes",
                "purpose": "Enable an agent to interpret references to Swedes, distinguish cultural belonging from citizenship and residence, and represent Swedish collective identities without assigning identity to individuals from proxies.",
                "definition": "Swedes are people identified with Sweden through national belonging or ethnic and cultural affiliation, with citizenship, ancestry and self-identification defining overlapping but distinct populations.",
                "scope_statement": "This model owns Swedes (vr.tr.swedes) as a human collective category in SOC / SOC.PER, provisionally covering ethnocultural and national senses while keeping their membership criteria distinct until the registry's intended sense is verified.",
                "in_scope": [
                    "Ethnocultural, national and civic meanings of Swedes in a specified context",
                    "Self-identification and externally attributed Swedish identity",
                    "Relationships between Swedish belonging, citizenship, residence and ancestry",
                    "Swedish language and cultural affiliations without treating them as mandatory membership tests",
                    "Historical and diaspora uses of the category, including the boundaries of population claims"
                ],
                "out_of_scope": [
                    "Sweden as a territory, state or government",
                    "The Swedish language as a linguistic system",
                    "Individual biographies and personal identity records",
                    "Citizenship acquisition procedures and immigration case decisions",
                    "Swedish organisations, cultural works and customs as independently modelled things"
                ],
                "distinguishing_features": [
                    "A reference qualifies only when it denotes people through Swedish national or cultural belonging; a reference to Sweden's government or territory does not.",
                    "A population defined by Swedish citizenship must be labelled as civic rather than silently treated as an ethnic population.",
                    "Residence in Sweden alone does not establish that someone identifies as a Swede, and residence elsewhere does not establish that they do not.",
                    "Swedish-language use, a Swedish surname or Swedish ancestry alone cannot establish an individual's membership.",
                    "A Swedish-speaking population outside Sweden must not be equated with Swedes without evidence about the identity terminology used by that population."
                ],
                "characteristics": [
                    {
                        "name": "Meaning of Swedes",
                        "kind": "category",
                        "unit_or_values": "ethnocultural; civic-national; combined; historical; unresolved",
                        "why_it_matters": "Determines which membership criteria a statement actually uses."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Basis of belonging",
                        "kind": "category",
                        "unit_or_values": "self-identification; citizenship criterion; ancestry criterion; community affiliation; external attribution; unspecified; multiple",
                        "why_it_matters": "Prevents distinct grounds for describing someone as Swedish from being substituted for one another."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Relationship to Sweden",
                        "kind": "relation",
                        "unit_or_values": "citizenship, present or former residence, birthplace, family connection or cultural affiliation, each separately evidenced",
                        "why_it_matters": "Allows overlapping connections without making any one connection a universal identity test."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Language relationship",
                        "kind": "relation",
                        "unit_or_values": "Swedish or other language; first language, proficiency, everyday use or cultural affiliation; unknown",
                        "why_it_matters": "Separates language practice from national or ethnic identification."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Geographic and temporal frame",
                        "kind": "relation",
                        "unit_or_values": "named territory or community and specified date or period",
                        "why_it_matters": "Bounds claims whose meaning changes across migration contexts and historical periods."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Population estimate",
                        "kind": "measurement",
                        "unit_or_values": "persons, accompanied by date, geography, inclusion criteria, method and uncertainty",
                        "why_it_matters": "Makes counts interpretable without conflating citizens, residents and people reporting Swedish ancestry or identity."
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "Identity attribution status",
                        "kind": "state",
                        "unit_or_values": "self-described; attributed by a named source; contested; unspecified",
                        "why_it_matters": "Preserves disagreement and prevents an agent from presenting attributed identity as personal testimony."
                    }
                ],
                "affordances": [
                    "Disambiguate Swedes in a document into an explicit civic, ethnocultural or historical sense.",
                    "Compare population claims only after checking their definitions, dates and geographic coverage.",
                    "Represent Swedish belonging alongside other identities without requiring exclusive membership.",
                    "Link a diaspora community to Sweden while preserving its locally used identity terms.",
                    "Flag unsupported identity assignments based on names, appearance, language or residence.",
                    "Identify whether a speaker represents a particular Swedish organisation, a community or only their own position."
                ]
            },
            "sources": [],
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "swedish-identity-and-membership",
                        "name": "Swedish identity and membership",
                        "description": "Distinguishes the senses of Swedes and the evidence used to describe belonging.",
                        "rationale": "The registry supplies no definition, so an agent must resolve meaning before treating Swedes as a population with settled boundaries.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "meaning-in-context",
                                "name": "Meaning in context",
                                "description": "Determines what a particular use of Swedes denotes.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "explicit-swedes-sense",
                                        "name": "Explicit Swedes sense",
                                        "description": "The model must record whether a source uses Swedes ethnoculturally, civically or in another explicitly defined sense.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Does Swedes here mean Swedish citizens, people identifying culturally as Swedish, or another defined collective?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "id": "explicit-swedes-sense-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "What wording or classification in the source establishes that meaning?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "explicit-swedes-sense-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "belonging-and-attribution",
                                "name": "Belonging and attribution",
                                "description": "Separates personal identification from classifications imposed by others.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "nonexclusive-swedish-belonging",
                                        "name": "Nonexclusive Swedish belonging",
                                        "description": "The model must preserve who asserts Swedish belonging, any disagreement and any concurrent identities.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Is Swedish identity self-described or attributed by a named observer or institution?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "nonexclusive-swedish-belonging-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Would this classification erase another stated identity or convert uncertain belonging into a definitive assignment?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "nonexclusive-swedish-belonging-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "citizenship-residence-and-neighbouring-groups",
                        "name": "Citizenship, residence and neighbouring groups",
                        "description": "Locates Swedes relative to civic populations and other communities connected with Sweden.",
                        "rationale": "Citizenship, residence and cultural identification answer different questions and must remain distinguishable.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "civic-and-residential-connections",
                                "name": "Civic and residential connections",
                                "description": "Records connections with the Swedish state and territory separately from cultural identity.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "separate-citizenship-and-residence",
                                        "name": "Separate citizenship and residence",
                                        "description": "A statement about Swedes must expose whether citizenship or residence supplies its inclusion rule.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Does this population include citizens abroad, residents without Swedish citizenship, or both?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "separate-citizenship-and-residence-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which date and source establish the citizenship or residence criterion being used?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "separate-citizenship-and-residence-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "overlapping-community-boundaries",
                                "name": "Overlapping community boundaries",
                                "description": "Handles relationships with minority, Indigenous and neighbouring national identities.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "preserve-community-self-description",
                                        "name": "Preserve community self-description",
                                        "description": "The model must examine overlap with identities such as Sámi or Sweden Finnish without assuming either inclusion in or exclusion from Swedish identification.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "How does the community describe its relationship to Swedish civic and cultural belonging?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "preserve-community-self-description-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Does the proposed use of Swedes incorrectly make a minority or Indigenous identity mutually exclusive with Swedish citizenship or self-identification?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "preserve-community-self-description-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "language-and-cultural-affiliation",
                        "name": "Language and cultural affiliation",
                        "description": "Represents language and cultural participation as contextual relationships.",
                        "rationale": "An agent needs to discuss Swedish cultural connections without turning language or practices into universal membership requirements.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "swedish-language-relationship",
                                "name": "Swedish language relationship",
                                "description": "Distinguishes speaking Swedish from identifying as a Swede.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "language-is-a-separate-dimension",
                                        "name": "Language is a separate dimension",
                                        "description": "The model must record the relevant language relationship independently of collective identity.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Does the source measure Swedish proficiency, everyday use, first language or Swedish identity?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "language-is-a-separate-dimension-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "If discussing Swedish-speaking Finns, what evidence supports distinguishing or relating that identity to Swedes?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "language-is-a-separate-dimension-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "situated-cultural-participation",
                                "name": "Situated cultural participation",
                                "description": "Bounds cultural descriptions by community, period and evidence.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "cultural-affiliation-without-membership-tests",
                                        "name": "Cultural affiliation without membership tests",
                                        "description": "Practices associated with Swedish life must be represented as situated participation rather than necessary attributes of every Swede.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which Swedish community, period and source support the cultural association being described?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "cultural-affiliation-without-membership-tests-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Can the agent describe this practice without implying that participation proves Swedish identity or nonparticipation disproves it?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "cultural-affiliation-without-membership-tests-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "historical-and-diaspora-continuity",
                        "name": "Historical and diaspora continuity",
                        "description": "Tracks how Swedish collective labels operate across periods and migration settings.",
                        "rationale": "Present-day identity categories cannot automatically interpret historical populations or descendants of emigrants.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "historical-labels",
                                "name": "Historical labels",
                                "description": "Keeps historical terminology tied to its original context.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "historical-swedes-reference",
                                        "name": "Historical Swedes reference",
                                        "description": "The model must distinguish a historical source's population label from a later author's translation or retrospective classification.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What original term, period and geographic extent underlie the translated label Swedes?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "historical-swedes-reference-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Would mapping this historical population directly to modern Swedish citizenship or ethnicity introduce an unsupported equivalence?",
                                                "kind": "boundary",
                                                "id": "historical-swedes-reference-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "diaspora-and-descent",
                                "name": "Diaspora and descent",
                                "description": "Separates migration history, ancestry and continuing Swedish identification.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "diaspora-belonging-basis",
                                        "name": "Diaspora belonging basis",
                                        "description": "A diaspora reference must identify whether it concerns emigrants, descendants, citizens abroad or people maintaining a stated Swedish affiliation.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which migration connection or self-description defines this Swedish diaspora population?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "id": "diaspora-belonging-basis-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Does the source count Swedish ancestry, present identity or citizenship, and does it permit multiple affiliations?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "diaspora-belonging-basis-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "population-claims-and-representation",
                        "name": "Population claims and representation",
                        "description": "Controls how aggregate claims and claims to speak for Swedes are interpreted.",
                        "rationale": "An agent must be able to judge the coverage of statements about Swedes without treating a count, sample or spokesperson as the entire collective.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "counting-swedes",
                                "name": "Counting Swedes",
                                "description": "Makes population estimates conditional on explicit definitions and methods.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "comparable-population-estimates",
                                        "name": "Comparable population estimates",
                                        "description": "Every estimate must retain its inclusion rule, reference date, territory and treatment of overlapping categories.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "What exactly makes a person count as a Swede in this estimate?",
                                                "kind": "measurement",
                                                "id": "comparable-population-estimates-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Can this estimate be compared or combined with another without mixing citizens, residents, ancestry responses or self-identification?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "comparable-population-estimates-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "collective-voice-and-claims",
                                "name": "Collective voice and claims",
                                "description": "Bounds assertions about Swedish preferences, conduct and collective representation.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "limited-representative-authority",
                                        "name": "Limited representative authority",
                                        "description": "The model must identify the population a survey covers or the constituency a speaker is authorised to represent before attributing a view to Swedes.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "text": "Which sample, membership constituency or mandate supports this claim about what Swedes think or want?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "id": "limited-representative-authority-q01"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "text": "Should the agent attribute the statement to respondents, an organisation or a named speaker instead of generalising it to Swedes?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "id": "limited-representative-authority-q02"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment",
                        "name": "Evidence and external alignment",
                        "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.",
                        "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "reported-evidence",
                                "name": "Reported evidence",
                                "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-confidence-notes",
                                        "name": "Check these first",
                                        "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "The missing sense is consequential: a researcher should establish whether the registry intends an ethnic group, a national population or Swedish citizens.",
                                            "Swedes denotes a population or identity category, not an occupation or role.",
                                            "This description is based on recall; no sources were consulted."
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Swedes this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-real-world-use",
                                        "name": "Real-world use",
                                        "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Describing national or cultural identity.",
                                            "Studying migration, diaspora communities and population history.",
                                            "Classifying participants in demographic or social research when membership criteria are explicitly defined."
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Swedes this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards",
                                        "name": "Failure modes and hazards",
                                        "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "Treating Swedish citizenship, Swedish ancestry, residence in Sweden and Swedish ethnic identity as interchangeable.",
                                            "Inferring an individual's identity from language, surname, appearance or birthplace.",
                                            "Representing Swedes as culturally, religiously or biologically homogeneous.",
                                            "Comparing population counts that use different definitions of membership."
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Swedes this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-regional-variation",
                                        "name": "Regional variation",
                                        "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            "In Sweden, the term can express national belonging or ethnic and cultural identity, depending on context.",
                                            "Diaspora usage may emphasize Swedish ancestry or cultural affiliation without implying Swedish citizenship.",
                                            "Swedish-speaking identity in Finland does not automatically imply identification as Swedish nationals or ethnic Swedes."
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Swedes this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "evidence-neighbours",
                                        "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart",
                                        "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                                        "evidence": [
                                            {
                                                "name": "Swedish citizens",
                                                "difference": "Citizenship is a legal status; Swedish ethnic or cultural affiliation does not require it."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "Residents of Sweden",
                                                "difference": "Residence concerns where people live, regardless of citizenship or identity."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "Swedish speakers",
                                                "difference": "Language proficiency or use does not establish nationality or ethnic identity."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "Swedish-speaking Finns",
                                                "difference": "This names a linguistic population associated with Finland; Swedish language alone does not make its members Swedes."
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "People of Swedish ancestry",
                                                "difference": "Descent can be recorded without current Swedish citizenship or self-identification as Swedish."
                                            }
                                        ],
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01",
                                                "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Swedes this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "openQuestions": [
                "Does the originating registry record intend Swedes specifically as an ethnic group, as a national collective, or as a civic demonym?",
                "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this collective or its civic sense, requiring a link rather than a second model?",
                "Which authoritative and community-authored sources best establish contemporary uses of Swedes and their relationship to overlapping minority and Indigenous identities?",
                "Which population sources explicitly measure Swedish self-identification, ancestry or citizenship, and which comparisons do their methods support?",
                "How should historical Swedish population labels and diaspora self-descriptions map to this registry entry without erasing distinct communities or imposing present-day categories?"
            ],
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 6,
                "layers": 11,
                "findings": 15,
                "questions": 25
            }
        },
        "draft": {
            "generator": "vr.draft.v3",
            "status": "draft-generated",
            "researched": false,
            "archetype": "occupation or role",
            "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.",
            "facetsInferred": true,
            "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.",
            "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Swedes, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.",
            "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to interpret references to Swedes, distinguish cultural belonging from citizenship and residence, and represent Swedish collective identities without assigning identity to individuals from proxies.",
            "characteristics": {
                "substance": "social",
                "origin": "natural",
                "agency": "autonomous",
                "mobility": "self-moving"
            },
            "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [
                "observed and measured"
            ],
            "distinguishingFeatures": [
                "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Swedes in Norway, Swedes in the United Arab Emirates, Swedes in Brazil.",
                "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.",
                "Described in 84 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is."
            ],
            "openQuestionsForResearch": [
                "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?",
                "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?",
                "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Swedes, and on what evidence are they told apart?"
            ],
            "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people",
            "physicalCharacter": [
                "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.",
                "Acts on its own behalf.",
                "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing."
            ],
            "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [
                "observe it, measure it, record its state"
            ],
            "howItIsRecognised": [
                "Not recognisable by appearance, and guessing from dress or setting is how an agent gets this wrong. Recognised by qualification, licence or engagement."
            ],
            "relatedModels": [
                {
                    "relation": "covers",
                    "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.",
                    "targets": [
                        "Swedes in Norway",
                        "Swedes in the United Arab Emirates",
                        "Swedes in Brazil"
                    ]
                }
            ],
            "standing": "Described in 84 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.",
            "structure": {
                "bundles": [
                    {
                        "id": "identity-and-classification",
                        "name": "Identity, naming and classification",
                        "description": "How an agent tells one Swedes from another, and a Swedes from things that resemble it.",
                        "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "naming-and-identifiers",
                                "name": "Names and identifiers",
                                "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases",
                                        "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names",
                                        "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "stable-identifiers",
                                        "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys",
                                        "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stable-identifiers-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "classification-and-granularity",
                                "name": "Classification and granularity",
                                "description": "Where a Swedes sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "kind-and-parents",
                                        "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds",
                                        "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "kind-and-parents-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "id": "distinguishing-features",
                                        "name": "Distinguishing features",
                                        "description": "What separates a Swedes from the things most often confused with it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "distinguishing-features-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "place-and-movement",
                        "name": "Place and movement",
                        "description": "Where a Swedes is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).",
                        "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "location-and-placement",
                                "name": "Location and placement",
                                "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "position-and-frame",
                                        "name": "Position, container and reference frame",
                                        "description": "Where a Swedes is, and what that position is measured against.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "position-and-frame-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "position-and-frame-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "position-and-frame-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "movement-and-transfer",
                                "name": "Movement and transfer",
                                "description": "How a Swedes moves on its own.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "movement-events",
                                        "name": "Movement events and constraints",
                                        "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "movement-events-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "movement-events-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "movement-events-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "state-and-lifecycle",
                        "name": "State and lifecycle",
                        "description": "The states a Swedes passes through and the events that move it between them.",
                        "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "lifecycle-stages",
                                "name": "Lifecycle stages",
                                "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "stages-and-transitions",
                                        "name": "Stages and transitions",
                                        "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Swedes between them.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "observations-and-status",
                                "name": "Observations and current status",
                                "description": "What is observed about a Swedes, how often and by whom.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "observation-record",
                                        "name": "Observation record",
                                        "description": "How an observation of a Swedes is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "observation-record-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "people-and-responsibility",
                        "name": "People, roles and responsibility",
                        "description": "Who stands in what relation to a Swedes.",
                        "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "roles-and-parties",
                                "name": "Roles and parties",
                                "description": "The roles that exist around a Swedes and who fills them.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "role-assignments",
                                        "name": "Role assignments and their validity",
                                        "description": "Who holds which role over a Swedes, from when, and on whose authority.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "role-assignments-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "role-assignments-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "role-assignments-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "ownership-and-accountability",
                                "name": "Ownership and accountability",
                                "description": "Who answers for a Swedes and who may decide about it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "accountability",
                                        "name": "Accountability and decision rights",
                                        "description": "Where responsibility for a Swedes sits when something goes wrong.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "accountability-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "accountability-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "accountability-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "competence-and-licence",
                        "name": "Competence, qualification and licence",
                        "description": "What someone must be able to do, and be permitted to do, as Swedes.",
                        "rationale": "The permission is jurisdictional and the competence is not, and conflating them is how an agent concludes someone may practise when they may not.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "competences",
                                "name": "Competences and qualifications",
                                "description": "Skills and credentials the role assumes.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "qualification-record",
                                        "name": "Qualifications and how they are evidenced",
                                        "description": "What counts as qualified, and what proves it.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "qualification-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What competences and qualifications does Swedes require, and how is each evidenced?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "qualification-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Which qualifications transfer between jurisdictions and which do not?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "licensing",
                                "name": "Licensing and the right to practise",
                                "description": "Who grants permission, where it holds, and when it lapses.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "licence-record",
                                        "name": "Licence, issuer and validity",
                                        "description": "The permission, its issuer, its territory and its expiry.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "licence-record-q01",
                                                "text": "Who licenses Swedes, in which territory, and for how long?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "licence-record-q02",
                                                "text": "What may an unlicensed person not do, and what must an agent refuse to assume?",
                                                "kind": "action"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "tasks-and-accountability",
                        "name": "Tasks, employment and accountability",
                        "description": "What Swedes actually does and who answers for it.",
                        "rationale": "A role is filled by people under an arrangement, and the arrangement decides liability, supervision and who may instruct whom.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "tasks",
                                "name": "Tasks and typical duties",
                                "description": "The work itself, and how it differs by setting.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "duty-record",
                                        "name": "Duties and setting",
                                        "description": "What the role does and where the work varies.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "duty-record-q01",
                                                "text": "What tasks define Swedes, and how do they differ between settings or seniority?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "duty-record-q02",
                                                "text": "Which tasks may only be done by this role, and which are shared with neighbouring roles?",
                                                "kind": "boundary"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "accountability",
                                "name": "Employment and accountability",
                                "description": "The relation under which the work is done and where responsibility sits.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "responsibility",
                                        "name": "Responsibility and supervision",
                                        "description": "Who instructs, who supervises, who is liable.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "responsibility-q01",
                                                "text": "Under what arrangement does someone act as Swedes, and who supervises or is liable?",
                                                "kind": "definition"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "responsibility-q02",
                                                "text": "When something goes wrong, what does the model need to have recorded to answer who was responsible?",
                                                "kind": "provenance"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "provenance-and-evidence",
                        "name": "Provenance, evidence and time",
                        "description": "Where every claim about a Swedes came from and when it held.",
                        "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.",
                        "layers": [
                            {
                                "id": "source-and-authority",
                                "name": "Source and authority",
                                "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "claim-provenance",
                                        "name": "Claim provenance and confidence",
                                        "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Swedes and how confident it is.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "claim-provenance-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            {
                                "id": "time-and-versions",
                                "name": "Time, versions and supersession",
                                "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.",
                                "findings": [
                                    {
                                        "id": "validity-and-supersession",
                                        "name": "Validity period and supersession",
                                        "description": "How an old claim about a Swedes is retired without being erased.",
                                        "questions": [
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01",
                                                "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Swedes, and in what units or vocabulary?",
                                                "kind": "definition",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "identifiers",
                                                    "types and classes",
                                                    "values with units",
                                                    "explicit unknowns"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02",
                                                "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Swedes, by which method, and when was it true?",
                                                "kind": "provenance",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "authority",
                                                    "method",
                                                    "evidence",
                                                    "event time",
                                                    "knowledge time"
                                                ]
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03",
                                                "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Swedes is known, and what must it refuse?",
                                                "kind": "action",
                                                "answer_data": [
                                                    "permitted actions",
                                                    "preconditions",
                                                    "refusals",
                                                    "escalation"
                                                ]
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    }
                                ]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            "statistics": {
                "bundles": 7,
                "layers": 14,
                "findings": 16,
                "questions": 44
            }
        }
    }
}