{ "model": { "rank": 5477, "code": "thing-q16587531", "model_id": "vr.tr.potato-q16587531", "name": "potato", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a potato tuber, assess its condition and suitability for an intended use, and identify what evidence is needed before handling, processing or planting it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q16587531/", "tier": 2, "score": 67, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "seed potato", "floury potato", "Patata dell'Alto Viterbese PGI", "Yungay potato cultivar", "boiled potatoes", "Pembrokeshire Earlies", "industrial potato", "Shetland Black", "Russet potato", "Batata de Trás-os-Montes", "Béa du Roussillon potatoes", "processing and preserving of potatoes", "potatoes from the Ile de Ré", "genetically modified potato", "early potato", "Potatoes of Chiloé", "Gogu Valley", "Shepody", "A8812-3", "Patata della Sila PGI", "primarily waxy potato", "waxy potato", "starchy potato", "Patata novella di Messina", "Patata novella di Siracusa" ], "aliasCount": 25, "merged": 25, "knownIn": 67, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.potato-plant", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q16587531", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16587531", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:27:03Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08847-3997-7bd1-b271-cc40cc1e6879\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: potato\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 register", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 59.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08847-398d-72f2-a108-fb74d3dc8bf4\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: potato\nRegistry id: vr.tr.potato-q16587531\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q16587531", "registryId": "vr.tr.potato-q16587531", "name": "potato", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q16587531/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.potato-q16587531", "name": "potato", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a potato tuber, assess its condition and suitability for an intended use, and identify what evidence is needed before handling, processing or planting it.", "definition": "A potato is the starch-rich stem tuber of the cultivated plant Solanum tuberosum, a member of the nightshade family Solanaceae, used as food, an industrial feedstock and vegetative planting material.", "scope_statement": "This model owns potato as a harvested, anatomically recognisable tuber or a lot of such tubers, provisionally interpreting registry entry vr.tr.potato-q16587531 as the material sense rather than the whole plant, crop species or prepared food.", "in_scope": [ "Tuber identity, cultivar attribution and distinction from other underground storage organs", "Individual tuber and lot characteristics, including size, skin, flesh and defects", "Composition and physical properties relevant to cooking, processing and propagation", "Postharvest condition, storage history and deterioration", "Evidence supporting allocation to food, processing or planting" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Whole potato plants, botanical taxonomy and breeding programmes", "Field cultivation systems, soil management and crop production operations", "Prepared dishes and transformed products such as chips, potato flour and isolated starch", "Sweet potatoes, yams and other distinct storage-root or tuber commodities", "Diagnosis and treatment of human illness or potato plant diseases" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A potato is a stem tuber with eyes that contain buds; this distinguishes its anatomy from the storage root of a sweet potato.", "Identification should combine tuber anatomy with origin or taxonomic evidence; colour, shape and the common name alone do not establish identity.", "The model follows the detached tuber and its condition, rather than the roots, foliage and life cycle of the whole potato plant.", "A potato is heterogeneous biological material with skin, flesh and variable composition, rather than a pure chemical substance with one fixed purity or melting point.", "An intact tuber retains its anatomical identity; isolated starch, flour and prepared dishes require neighbouring product models." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity and cultivar attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Taxon or cultivar reference, supporting evidence and attribution confidence", "why_it_matters": "Connects the tuber to expected traits without treating an unverified cultivar label as established identity." }, { "name": "Tuber size and shape", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass in g; length and transverse dimensions in mm; shape description", "why_it_matters": "Supports grading, portioning and assessment of suitability for a particular processing line." }, { "name": "Skin and flesh appearance", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Skin colour, flesh colour, skin texture and whether observations are external or from a cut sample", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and defect assessment while distinguishing cultivar traits from condition changes." }, { "name": "Dry matter content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% by mass, with sampling and analytical method", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess likely cooking behaviour and processing yield." }, { "name": "Reducing sugar content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g/kg fresh mass, with analytes, method and sampling date", "why_it_matters": "Informs assessment of browning and suitability for high-temperature processing." }, { "name": "Greening and sprouting", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed green area and location; sprout count and length in mm; inspection date", "why_it_matters": "Flags physiological changes requiring use-specific assessment without equating appearance with a chemical assay." }, { "name": "Damage and deterioration", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Cuts, bruising, softening, shrivelling, lesions or decay; affected count or mass fraction", "why_it_matters": "Supports sorting and investigation of defects that affect storage and intended use." }, { "name": "Glycoalkaloid assessment", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/kg with named analytes, tissue sampled, mass basis, laboratory method and uncertainty; unmeasured where unavailable", "why_it_matters": "Separates measured chemical evidence from visual warning signs and unsupported safety conclusions." }, { "name": "Storage exposure history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Time-linked temperature in °C, relative humidity in %, light exposure and treatment records", "why_it_matters": "Helps explain changes in sprouting, water loss and processing quality." }, { "name": "Intended use and supporting status", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Table use, processing, planting, other or undecided; supporting specification or certification", "why_it_matters": "Prevents suitability for one use from being assumed to establish suitability for another." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and group tubers using anatomical observations and traceable cultivar evidence.", "Inspect and sort potatoes by size, greening, sprouting, damage and deterioration.", "Request representative sampling or laboratory analysis when appearance cannot settle suitability.", "Compare a potato lot with a defined cooking or processing specification.", "Review storage history and select handling actions against requirements for the intended use.", "Route candidate seed tubers to planting-stock checks before recommending propagation." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "tuber-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Tuber identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what counts as the potato being assessed and the evidence behind its identity.", "rationale": "The name potato can refer to a plant, a harvested tuber or food; decisions require an explicit material boundary.", "layers": [ { "id": "anatomical-recognition", "name": "Anatomical recognition", "description": "Recognises potato tubers through observable structures and supporting origin evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "eyes-and-tuber-form", "name": "Eyes and tuber form", "description": "Record eyes, skin and overall tuber form, including whether damage or preparation obscures identifying features.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are eyes and other tuber features observable, and what evidence supports identification as potato rather than sweet potato or yam?", "kind": "definition", "id": "eyes-and-tuber-form-q01" }, { "text": "Has peeling, cutting or processing removed enough identifying structure that a prepared-product model is needed?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "eyes-and-tuber-form-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivar-and-lot-attribution", "name": "Cultivar and lot attribution", "description": "Connects individual tubers to cultivar claims and the lot whose condition they may represent.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence-and-lot-membership", "name": "Identity evidence and lot membership", "description": "Distinguish documented cultivar identity from appearance-based guesses and define the assessed lot.", "questions": [ { "text": "What grower, supplier or planting-stock record supports the stated cultivar?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-evidence-and-lot-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Does the assessed lot contain one cultivar and harvest history, or a mixture requiring separate assessment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-evidence-and-lot-membership-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-use-performance", "name": "Composition and use performance", "description": "Relates measured tuber properties to cooking and industrial processing requirements.", "rationale": "Potatoes with similar appearances can differ in texture, browning behaviour and usable yield.", "layers": [ { "id": "solids-and-sugars", "name": "Solids and sugars", "description": "Captures composition measurements that help distinguish processing behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "measured-processing-properties", "name": "Measured processing properties", "description": "Record dry matter and reducing sugars with methods and sampling context rather than relying solely on cultivar expectations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dry matter and reducing sugar results are available, on what mass basis and from which sample?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-processing-properties-q01" }, { "text": "Were the results measured on this lot after its current storage period or inferred from a cultivar description?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "measured-processing-properties-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cooking-and-processing-response", "name": "Cooking and processing response", "description": "Tests performance against a named preparation or processing use.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-performance", "name": "Use-specific performance", "description": "Keep cooking texture, disintegration and frying colour tied to the preparation conditions under which they were observed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under what cooking or frying procedure were texture, disintegration and colour assessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "use-specific-performance-q01" }, { "text": "Does the observed performance meet the intended use specification, or should the lot be assessed for a different use?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-specific-performance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "postharvest-physiology-and-condition", "name": "Postharvest physiology and condition", "description": "Tracks physiological change, mechanical damage and deterioration after harvest.", "rationale": "A harvested potato remains living tissue whose condition changes with time, exposure and handling.", "layers": [ { "id": "dormancy-sprouting-and-water-loss", "name": "Dormancy, sprouting and water loss", "description": "Assesses visible growth and loss of firmness alongside storage history.", "findings": [ { "id": "physiological-condition", "name": "Physiological condition", "description": "Record sprout development, firmness and shrivelling without inferring dormancy or viability from appearance alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sprout lengths, firmness observations or measured mass losses describe the current tubers?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "physiological-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What harvest date, storage conditions and sprout-suppression treatments are documented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "physiological-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "skin-integrity-and-internal-defects", "name": "Skin integrity and internal defects", "description": "Separates surface inspection from evidence requiring cut samples or further investigation.", "findings": [ { "id": "damage-and-decay-distribution", "name": "Damage and decay distribution", "description": "Record cuts, bruising, lesions, decay and internal defects with their extent and inspection method; keep causal diagnosis separate.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which defects are visible externally, and which were found only by cutting a sample?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "damage-and-decay-distribution-q01" }, { "text": "How should affected tubers be sorted or referred for investigation under the lot's intended-use criteria?", "kind": "action", "id": "damage-and-decay-distribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-eligibility-and-routing", "name": "Use eligibility and routing", "description": "Determines which evidence is needed before allocating tubers to food, processing or planting.", "rationale": "Visible quality, chemical assessment and planting-stock eligibility answer different questions and must remain distinguishable.", "layers": [ { "id": "food-use-evidence", "name": "Food-use evidence", "description": "Connects warning signs, analytical results and treatment records to applicable food-use criteria.", "findings": [ { "id": "greening-and-chemical-uncertainty", "name": "Greening and chemical uncertainty", "description": "Record greening and sprouting as observations, not quantitative estimates of glycoalkaloids, and identify unresolved evidence before a food-use decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "What greening or sprouting is present, and are any glycoalkaloid measurements linked to the affected tissue?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "greening-and-chemical-uncertainty-q01" }, { "text": "Which applicable food-use criteria and treatment restrictions must be checked before accepting or rejecting this lot?", "kind": "action", "id": "greening-and-chemical-uncertainty-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "planting-stock-eligibility", "name": "Planting-stock eligibility", "description": "Distinguishes a tuber's capacity to sprout from evidence that it is suitable planting material.", "findings": [ { "id": "seed-tuber-status", "name": "Seed-tuber status", "description": "Record seed-stock certification, cultivar traceability, health evidence and treatment history when propagation is intended.", "questions": [ { "text": "What certification, health testing and treatment records support use of these tubers as planting stock?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "seed-tuber-status-q01" }, { "text": "What additional planting-stock checks are required beyond observing that the tubers can sprout?", "kind": "action", "id": "seed-tuber-status-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The unqualified name also denotes the plant; the PHY.MAT domain is interpreted here as the harvested tuber.", "Composition ranges are approximate and depend on cultivar, maturity and storage; the listed kinds overlap.", "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; confirm standard editions, local requirements and the taxonomic treatment of Andean cultivated potatoes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of potato this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Waxy cooking potatoes", "Floury cooking potatoes", "All-purpose cooking potatoes", "Early or new potatoes", "Potatoes grown for industrial starch", "Seed potatoes" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of potato this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "Solanum tuberosum L.", "note": "Identifies the plant species; the sense described here is its harvested tuber." }, { "scheme": "Cultivar denomination", "value_or_pattern": "Solanum tuberosum 'Cultivar Name'", "note": "Distinguishes cultivated varieties with different cooking, processing, storage and disease-resistance characteristics." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of potato this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "UNECE Standard FFV-52 addresses the marketing and commercial quality control of early and ware potatoes.", "UNECE Standard S-1 addresses the marketing and commercial quality control of seed potatoes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of potato this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cooking for direct consumption, including boiling, baking and mashing", "Manufacturing crisps, French fries and dehydrated potato products", "Extracting starch for food and industrial applications", "Vegetative propagation using seed tubers", "Animal feed where quality and processing are suitable" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of potato this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Water content of fresh tubers", "typical_range": "Approximately 75-82", "unit": "% by fresh mass" }, { "quantity": "Starch content of fresh tubers", "typical_range": "Approximately 12-20", "unit": "% by fresh mass" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of potato this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Glycoalkaloids, including alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine, can make tubers unsuitable for food; greening is a warning sign but does not quantify their concentration.", "Fungal and bacterial diseases can damage crops and cause stored tubers to rot.", "Bruising, cuts and pressure damage reduce quality and create opportunities for decay.", "Sprouting and moisture loss during storage reduce marketability and processing quality.", "Cold-induced accumulation of reducing sugars can cause excessive browning during frying and increase acrylamide formation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of potato this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Preferred cultivars and culinary quality classes differ among markets and cuisines.", "Andean cultivation includes potato diversity that is not fully represented by mainstream commercial cultivars.", "Seed certification, phytosanitary requirements and permitted crop-protection treatments vary by jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of potato this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Potato plant", "difference": "The plant is the whole organism; this entry describes its harvested stem tuber." }, { "name": "Sweet potato", "difference": "Sweet potato is Ipomoea batatas, in the morning-glory family, and its edible storage organ is a tuberous root." }, { "name": "Yam", "difference": "True yams belong to Dioscorea and are botanically distinct from potatoes." }, { "name": "Potato starch", "difference": "Potato starch is an extracted material; a potato tuber contains water, cellular tissue and other constituents as well as starch." }, { "name": "True potato seed", "difference": "True seed develops through sexual reproduction in the fruit; a seed potato is a tuber used for vegetative propagation." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of potato this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does registry entry vr.tr.potato-q16587531 explicitly denote the harvested tuber, and does an existing world model already own that concept?", "Which authoritative cultivar and commodity references should define potato identity and the permitted breadth of taxonomic coverage?", "Which sampling methods and acceptance criteria should govern dry matter, sugars, defects and glycoalkaloids for each intended use and jurisdiction?", "Where should the registry draw the boundary between whole potatoes, peeled or cut raw potatoes and transformed potato products?", "Which storage, treatment and seed-certification requirements apply to the locations and supply chains this model must support?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 17, "questions": 25 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a potato, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a potato tuber, assess its condition and suitability for an intended use, and identify what evidence is needed before handling, processing or planting it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: seed potato, floury potato, Patata dell'Alto Viterbese PGI, Yungay potato cultivar, boiled potatoes, Pembrokeshire Earlies, industrial potato, Shetland Black, Russet potato, Batata de Trás-os-Montes, Béa du Roussillon potatoes, processing and preserving of potatoes.", "25 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a potato, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "seed potato", "floury potato", "Patata dell'Alto Viterbese PGI", "Yungay potato cultivar", "boiled potatoes", "Pembrokeshire Earlies", "industrial potato", "Shetland Black", "Russet potato", "Batata de Trás-os-Montes", "Béa du Roussillon potatoes", "processing and preserving of potatoes" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 25 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one potato from another, and a potato from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a potato sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a potato from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a potato is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a potato and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a potato is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a potato is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a potato is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a potato moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a potato passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a potato between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a potato, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a potato is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What potato is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of potato, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate potato from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish potato from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What potato does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does potato pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of potato judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where potato lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of potato, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does potato hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a potato came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a potato and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a potato is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a potato, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a potato, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a potato is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }