{ "model": { "rank": 4628, "code": "thing-q166046", "model_id": "vr.tr.ammeter", "name": "ammeter", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an ammeter, assess whether it can measure a specified electric current reliably, and determine appropriate connection, operation and maintenance actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q166046/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "current clamp", "Volt-ammeter", "galvanometer", "milliammeter", "microammeter", "nanoammeter", "differential galvanometer", "string galvanometer", "ballistic galvanometer", "Sine galvanometer", "Tangent galvanometer", "mirror galvanometer", "Thermo galvanometer", "vibration galvanometer" ], "aliasCount": 14, "merged": 14, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q166046", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166046", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:39:17Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e4-7d3b-71d3-bce5-0f547fa4648d\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ammeter\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 64.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e4-7d34-7a73-bf32-8693d8a3ddc1\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ammeter\nRegistry id: vr.tr.ammeter\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q166046", "registryId": "vr.tr.ammeter", "name": "ammeter", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q166046/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ammeter", "name": "ammeter", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an ammeter, assess whether it can measure a specified electric current reliably, and determine appropriate connection, operation and maintenance actions.", "definition": "An ammeter is an instrument for measuring electric current, usually by being inserted in series with a circuit or by sensing a magnetic field produced by the current.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the ammeter as a registered kind of physical instrument for measuring electric current, including its measurement interface, operating principle, indication, limitations and condition; product specifications and individual instrument records instantiate this kind.", "in_scope": [ "Direct-connected, clamp-on and externally sensed current-measuring instruments", "AC and DC measurement capabilities and their waveform limitations", "Current ranges, indication, resolution, accuracy and circuit loading", "Current-input terminals, sensors, accessories and connection requirements", "Electrical protection, operating condition, calibration and maintenance" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Electric current as a physical quantity and the ampere as its unit", "The circuit, installation or load whose current is measured", "Standalone shunts and current transducers without a complete measurement and indication function", "Voltage, resistance and other functions of a multimeter beyond its current-measurement mode", "Electricity meters whose primary output is accumulated energy", "Manufacturer product lines and individual serialized instruments as separate registry kinds" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its measurement result represents electric current, rather than voltage, resistance, power or accumulated charge.", "A direct-connected ammeter carries the measured branch current through its designated input path; this distinguishes its connection requirements from a voltmeter.", "A clamp-on ammeter derives a current reading from the magnetic field associated with enclosed conductors; conductor arrangement therefore affects what the reading represents.", "A standalone current sensor requires additional readout or processing, whereas an ammeter provides a usable current indication through its defined measurement chain.", "A multimeter falls within this model only for its current-measurement function, with the selected mode and terminals establishing that function." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Measurement interface", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "direct-connected; clamp-on; external shunt; external current transformer; other external transducer", "why_it_matters": "Determines how the instrument couples to the circuit and which connection rules apply." }, { "name": "Sensing principle", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "shunt-based; moving-coil; moving-iron; current-transformer-based; Hall-effect; other documented principle", "why_it_matters": "Helps establish AC/DC capability, power requirements and susceptibility to measurement errors." }, { "name": "Supported current and waveform", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "DC; AC; AC plus DC; documented RMS, average or peak response", "why_it_matters": "Prevents interpreting an unsupported waveform or response mode as a valid current measurement." }, { "name": "Current range and overload envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "A, with continuous limits and time-qualified overload limits", "why_it_matters": "Separates the readable range from the current that the input can safely withstand." }, { "name": "Accuracy and resolution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "A; percentage of reading or range; display counts or scale divisions, with conditions", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the instrument can distinguish the current values relevant to a task." }, { "name": "Frequency and waveform envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Hz; crest factor as a dimensionless ratio; other documented waveform limits", "why_it_matters": "Bounds the validity of AC readings, including readings of distorted waveforms." }, { "name": "Input burden", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "V of burden voltage or Ω of input resistance, tied to range and current", "why_it_matters": "Shows how a direct-connected measurement may alter the circuit being measured." }, { "name": "Electrical application rating", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented voltage limit, measurement category where applicable, insulation conditions and accessory ratings", "why_it_matters": "Constrains the environments and circuits in which the complete measurement setup may be used." }, { "name": "Readiness and protection condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "ready; configuration unverified; fuse open; damaged; overload indicated; power depleted; calibration status unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates a usable instrument from one whose reading or protective function cannot be trusted." }, { "name": "Compatible measurement accessories", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "specified leads, fuses, shunts, transformers, probes and their conversion ratios or output sensitivities", "why_it_matters": "Makes scaling and the safety limits of the assembled measurement chain explicit." }, { "name": "Power arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "self-powered measuring movement; battery; auxiliary supply; other documented arrangement", "why_it_matters": "Determines readiness checks and whether supply loss invalidates the indication." } ], "affordances": [ "Select a current range and response mode suited to the expected signal.", "Determine a compatible connection or sensing arrangement from documented instrument and circuit constraints.", "Read and interpret current with its units, scaling, direction and uncertainty.", "Assess whether burden, waveform limitations or sensor placement could invalidate the result.", "Identify configurations or conditions that require stopping measurement or withdrawing the instrument from service.", "Plan documented calibration, zeroing, inspection and approved consumable replacement." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "current-measurement-identity", "name": "Current measurement identity", "description": "Establishes which current-measuring function the instrument implements and where its measurement boundary lies.", "rationale": "Ammeter, current sensor and multimeter current mode can share components while owning different parts of the measurement function.", "layers": [ { "id": "instrument-boundary", "name": "Instrument boundary", "description": "Defines the complete current-measurement function represented by the entry.", "findings": [ { "id": "current-indication-function", "name": "Current indication function", "description": "Record what produces the current indication and which components are required to make it meaningful.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this device provide a current indication itself, or depend on a separately identified readout?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "current-indication-function-q01" }, { "text": "Is the represented function a dedicated ammeter or the current-measurement mode of a multifunction instrument?", "kind": "definition", "id": "current-indication-function-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sensing-architecture", "name": "Sensing architecture", "description": "Connects the sensing principle to the kinds of current the instrument can measure.", "findings": [ { "id": "principle-and-current-support", "name": "Principle and current support", "description": "Record the documented sensing method and distinguish its supported current types from assumptions based on instrument appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sensing principle and coupling method convert circuit current into an indication?", "kind": "definition", "id": "principle-and-current-support-q01" }, { "text": "What documentation establishes whether DC, AC or combined AC and DC measurement is supported?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "principle-and-current-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "circuit-coupling-and-scaling", "name": "Circuit coupling and scaling", "description": "Describes how the ammeter interacts with conductors and how sensor signals become reported current.", "rationale": "Connection topology, circuit loading and accessory scaling can change either the actual current or the meaning of the reading.", "layers": [ { "id": "measurement-path", "name": "Measurement path", "description": "Identifies the branch or conductor set whose current contributes to the indication.", "findings": [ { "id": "connection-and-conductor-selection", "name": "Connection and conductor selection", "description": "Record the required terminals, polarity or orientation, and the conductor arrangement defining the measured current.", "questions": [ { "text": "For direct connection, which terminals and series path are required, and what polarity convention applies?", "kind": "action", "id": "connection-and-conductor-selection-q01" }, { "text": "For clamp measurement, which conductors are enclosed, and does the intended result concern one conductor's current or their net current?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "connection-and-conductor-selection-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "loading-and-conversion", "name": "Loading and conversion", "description": "Captures circuit disturbance and the scaling contributed by external sensing components.", "findings": [ { "id": "burden-and-accessory-ratio", "name": "Burden and accessory ratio", "description": "Record input burden where relevant and the documented conversion factors for the complete measurement chain.", "questions": [ { "text": "What burden voltage or input resistance applies at the selected range, and could it materially change the measured circuit current?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "burden-and-accessory-ratio-q01" }, { "text": "Which shunt rating, transformer ratio or probe sensitivity must match the instrument configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "burden-and-accessory-ratio-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reading-validity", "name": "Reading validity", "description": "Defines when a displayed or transmitted current value is a defensible measurement.", "rationale": "A plausible current reading may still be invalid because of range selection, waveform response or omitted uncertainty.", "layers": [ { "id": "range-and-uncertainty", "name": "Range and uncertainty", "description": "Relates the selected range and indication method to achievable measurement quality.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-current-resolution", "name": "Usable current resolution", "description": "Record range, resolution and the applicable accuracy expression together with their conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What current range and display resolution or scale division apply to this reading?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-current-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "How is accuracy specified, and which temperature, range and calibration conditions must hold?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-current-resolution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "waveform-and-time-response", "name": "Waveform and time response", "description": "Separates the indicated current statistic from the underlying time-varying signal.", "findings": [ { "id": "response-envelope", "name": "Response envelope", "description": "Record the indication's response definition and the frequency, crest-factor and temporal limits attached to it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the selected mode report DC, AC-only RMS, combined AC and DC RMS, average, peak or another documented quantity?", "kind": "definition", "id": "response-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Which bandwidth, crest-factor, settling-time or capture-duration limits affect the intended steady, pulsed or inrush measurement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "response-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "electrical-use-and-protection", "name": "Electrical use and protection", "description": "Connects configuration and protective features to the permitted electrical application.", "rationale": "The current range alone does not establish whether an ammeter and its accessories are suitable for a circuit.", "layers": [ { "id": "application-envelope", "name": "Application envelope", "description": "Establishes electrical limits and the evidence supporting their applicability.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings-and-conformity-evidence", "name": "Ratings and conformity evidence", "description": "Record voltage, current, environmental and measurement-category limits where applicable, with documentation for claimed standards or certifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "What circuit voltage, measurement category where applicable, and continuous or time-limited current ratings constrain this setup?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "ratings-and-conformity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which issuing bodies, standard editions and conformity records substantiate the claimed ratings for the instrument and accessories?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "ratings-and-conformity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "configuration-and-fault-response", "name": "Configuration and fault response", "description": "Identifies protection features and actions required when configuration or condition is unsafe.", "findings": [ { "id": "input-protection-and-stop-conditions", "name": "Input protection and stop conditions", "description": "Record fuse protection, terminal or mode safeguards, overload indications and sensing-system-specific connection precautions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which fuses, interlocks or warnings protect the current input, and what configurations do they fail to prevent?", "kind": "definition", "id": "input-protection-and-stop-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Which documented procedure governs connection, disconnection and fault response, including secondary-circuit precautions if a current transformer is used?", "kind": "action", "id": "input-protection-and-stop-conditions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "readiness-and-metrological-care", "name": "Readiness and metrological care", "description": "Defines the checks and maintenance needed to keep current indications and protective functions dependable.", "rationale": "An ammeter can display zero or a plausible value while its input path, sensor, supply or calibration is compromised.", "layers": [ { "id": "operating-readiness", "name": "Operating readiness", "description": "Distinguishes an operational measurement chain from one that is unpowered, misconfigured or physically degraded.", "findings": [ { "id": "zero-and-functional-condition", "name": "Zero and functional condition", "description": "Record supply status, selected mode, zero condition and the integrity of terminals, leads and sensor coupling.", "questions": [ { "text": "What supply, input-path and sensor checks are required before treating a zero reading as evidence of zero current?", "kind": "action", "id": "zero-and-functional-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Does this sensing principle require zero adjustment, jaw-closure checks or orientation control, and are those checks satisfied?", "kind": "action", "id": "zero-and-functional-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "calibration-and-service", "name": "Calibration and service", "description": "Links calibration evidence and service actions to the ranges and components actually used.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceability-and-approved-maintenance", "name": "Traceability and approved maintenance", "description": "Record calibration coverage, uncertainty, service criteria and specified replacement parts without assuming a universal service interval.", "questions": [ { "text": "What calibration evidence covers the intended ranges, current types and external sensors, and what uncertainty and traceability does it report?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceability-and-approved-maintenance-q01" }, { "text": "Which inspection failures or service criteria require withdrawal, recalibration or replacement of a documented fuse, battery or accessory?", "kind": "action", "id": "traceability-and-approved-maintenance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the instrument class, not a product model or individual unit.", "Listed kinds overlap: digital describes indication and processing, while clamp describes the sensing arrangement.", "Measurement ranges are illustrative, and applicable standard editions and safety requirements require checking for a particular instrument and application." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of ammeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Permanent-magnet moving-coil ammeter", "Moving-iron ammeter", "Electrodynamic ammeter", "Thermal ammeter", "Digital ammeter", "Clamp ammeter" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of ammeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "IEC 60051-2, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: special requirements for direct-acting indicating analogue ammeters and voltmeters.", "IEC 61010-1, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: general safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use.", "IEC 61010-2-030, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: particular safety requirements for equipment having testing or measuring circuits." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of ammeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Monitoring current in electrical distribution panels and machinery.", "Diagnosing excessive current draw, open circuits and electrical faults.", "Measuring current consumption during electronic circuit development.", "Monitoring battery charging and discharging.", "Measuring load current with a clamp instrument without opening the conductor." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of ammeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Electric current measured by general-purpose directly connected instruments", "typical_range": "Microampere ranges through approximately 10 A; instrument dependent", "unit": "A" }, { "quantity": "Electric current measured by general-purpose clamp instruments", "typical_range": "Approximately 1-1000; instrument dependent", "unit": "A" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of ammeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Connecting a low-resistance current input across a voltage source can cause a short circuit, fuse rupture, burns or an arc flash.", "Exceeding current ratings can overheat shunts, leads or terminals and damage the instrument.", "The voltage drop introduced by an inserted ammeter, called burden voltage, can alter the circuit current being measured.", "Using an unsuitable AC/DC sensing method, frequency range or waveform response can produce misleading readings.", "Opening the secondary circuit of an energized conventional current transformer feeding an ammeter can produce hazardous voltage." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of ammeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Voltmeter", "difference": "Measures potential difference and is normally connected across two circuit points; a directly connected ammeter measures current in a series path." }, { "name": "Multimeter", "difference": "Combines several measurement functions, often including current; an ammeter is defined specifically by its current-measurement function." }, { "name": "Galvanometer", "difference": "Detects or measures small currents through a sensitive indicating mechanism; that mechanism can form part of an ammeter with a calibrated range." }, { "name": "Current transformer", "difference": "Produces a secondary current related to a primary alternating current and commonly feeds a separate measuring instrument." }, { "name": "Current shunt", "difference": "Provides a known resistance whose voltage drop permits current measurement; it is a sensing component rather than necessarily a complete indicating instrument." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of ammeter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own the ammeter concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it?", "Where does the registry place the boundary between a complete ammeter, a panel indicator with an external sensor, and a current transducer?", "Which safety and performance standards, issuing bodies and editions apply to each included ammeter architecture and intended environment?", "What sourced range, burden, bandwidth, dimensional and accuracy examples should represent major ammeter classes without implying universal specifications?", "Which documented failure modes and calibration practices differ materially among direct-connected, clamp-on and externally sensed ammeters?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a ammeter, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an ammeter, assess whether it can measure a specified electric current reliably, and determine appropriate connection, operation and maintenance actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: current clamp, Volt-ammeter, galvanometer, milliammeter, microammeter, nanoammeter, differential galvanometer, string galvanometer, ballistic galvanometer, Sine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer, mirror galvanometer.", "14 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a ammeter, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "current clamp", "Volt-ammeter", "galvanometer", "milliammeter", "microammeter", "nanoammeter", "differential galvanometer", "string galvanometer", "ballistic galvanometer", "Sine galvanometer", "Tangent galvanometer", "mirror galvanometer" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 14 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one ammeter from another, and a ammeter from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a ammeter sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a ammeter from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a ammeter is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a ammeter is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a ammeter is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a ammeter is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a ammeter is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a ammeter is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a ammeter passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a ammeter between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a ammeter, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a ammeter is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What ammeter is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does ammeter perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise ammeter, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How ammeter is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does ammeter have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does ammeter need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about ammeter is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about ammeter hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern ammeter, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a ammeter came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a ammeter and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a ammeter is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a ammeter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a ammeter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a ammeter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }