{ "model": { "rank": 3488, "code": "thing-q166764", "model_id": "vr.tr.exclamation-mark", "name": "exclamation mark", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an exclamation mark, interpret its role in context, and decide whether to preserve, insert, remove, or explain it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q166764/", "tier": 2, "score": 85, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "՜", "߹" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 85, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q166764", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166764", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:53:08Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 26.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5a-cb83-7b63-8d60-0a2c4f1252d3\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: exclamation mark\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: XCT.QLT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 1001", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 68.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5a-cb83-7a03-bb44-58a9ced6e610\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: exclamation mark\nRegistry id: vr.tr.exclamation-mark\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.QLT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry:" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q166764", "registryId": "vr.tr.exclamation-mark", "name": "exclamation mark", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q166764/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.exclamation-mark", "name": "exclamation mark", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an exclamation mark, interpret its role in context, and decide whether to preserve, insert, remove, or explain it.", "definition": "An exclamation mark is a punctuation mark, usually written !, that marks an exclamation or adds emphasis to an utterance, with additional conventional meanings in mathematics, computing and symbolic notation.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the exclamation mark as a written sign and its context-dependent uses, including punctuation and conventional non-punctuation roles, for registry entry vr.tr.exclamation-mark; it distinguishes character identity, visible form, grammatical function, and inferred tone without treating them as interchangeable.", "in_scope": [ "Recognition of the sign ! and identification of related forms under the applicable writing convention.", "Exclamation punctuation, its attachment to text, and the span it affects.", "Contextual interpretations such as emphasis, surprise, urgency, or interpersonal warmth.", "Repeated marks and combinations with other punctuation.", "Disambiguation of punctuation from mathematical, programming, and interface uses." ], "out_of_scope": [ "A complete model of emotion, intention, or the psychological state of a writer.", "The full grammar and punctuation system of any language.", "Mathematical operations or programming languages that assign a function to !.", "Complete warning symbols, safety classifications, or interface notification systems.", "Font design, handwriting analysis, and general optical character recognition." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check whether the occurrence is the sign ! or a recognised related form, rather than a visually similar letter, vertical stroke, or scanning artifact.", "Check whether it punctuates an utterance or instead occupies a position governed by a formal notation, such as an operator position.", "Distinguish an exclamation mark from an exclamatory sentence: either may occur without the other.", "Distinguish a standalone mark from a larger symbol containing it; identifying the component does not establish the meaning of the whole.", "Check the applicable language convention before treating an inverted form, paired form, or adjacent punctuation as an error." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Recorded representation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Literal character or character sequence; image-only glyph; uncertain transcription", "why_it_matters": "Separates what was actually observed from a normalised or guessed representation." }, { "name": "Use role", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Utterance punctuation; quoted sign; mathematical notation; programming notation; interface or graphic component; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which interpretive rules and editing constraints apply." }, { "name": "Governing convention", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Applicable language, locale, style guide, formal notation, or platform convention", "why_it_matters": "Placement, spacing, pairing, and acceptability depend on the convention." }, { "name": "Affected span", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked word, phrase, sentence, quoted passage, expression, or interface element; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents the agent from attaching emphasis or an operation to the wrong content." }, { "name": "Run length", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Count of consecutive exclamation marks", "why_it_matters": "Preserves the distinction between a single mark and deliberate repetition without assuming a universal intensity scale." }, { "name": "Punctuation configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Single; repeated; paired opening and closing forms; mixed with question marks or other punctuation", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation and validation of the entire local sequence." }, { "name": "Pragmatic interpretation", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Candidate readings with supporting context and confidence; unresolved when evidence is insufficient", "why_it_matters": "Allows interpretations such as enthusiasm or urgency without asserting the writer's emotional state." }, { "name": "Edit constraint", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Exact preservation required; editable under a named convention; clarification required", "why_it_matters": "Protects quotations, executable text, identifiers, and other content where punctuation changes can alter meaning." } ], "affordances": [ "Locate exclamation-mark occurrences and record their exact form and surrounding text.", "Classify an occurrence as punctuation, a mentioned sign, or a symbol governed by another notation.", "Check placement, spacing, and pairing against an identified convention.", "Explain plausible contextual readings while separating textual evidence from inferred intention.", "Suggest or apply punctuation edits when the task and governing convention permit them.", "Preserve or flag ambiguous occurrences whose alteration could change formal meaning or quoted content." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "sign-identity", "name": "Sign identity", "description": "Establish what sign is present and which sense of exclamation mark the occurrence instantiates.", "rationale": "Interpretation must start from the observed sign rather than from assumed emotion or visual resemblance.", "layers": [ { "id": "character-and-glyph", "name": "Character and glyph", "description": "Separate recorded characters from their rendered or handwritten appearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-exclamation-form", "name": "Observed exclamation form", "description": "Record the literal representation or image evidence before resolving related forms or uncertain recognition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exact character sequence or visible glyph supports identifying this occurrence as an exclamation mark?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-exclamation-form-q01" }, { "text": "Could the apparent mark be a similar-looking character, a damaged glyph, or a recognition error?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observed-exclamation-form-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sign-and-use", "name": "Sign and use", "description": "Distinguish the sign itself from the role it performs in a particular occurrence.", "findings": [ { "id": "occurrence-role", "name": "Occurrence role", "description": "Classify whether the mark is used as punctuation, discussed as a sign, or assigned a function by another convention.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this mark punctuating text, being quoted or named, or functioning within a formal or graphic notation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "occurrence-role-q01" }, { "text": "What surrounding evidence establishes the role rather than merely suggesting it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "occurrence-role-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "punctuation-attachment", "name": "Punctuation attachment", "description": "Determine how an exclamation mark connects to an utterance under a particular writing convention.", "rationale": "The affected text and acceptable placement cannot be inferred from the mark alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "utterance-scope", "name": "Utterance scope", "description": "Identify the textual span governed by the punctuation occurrence.", "findings": [ { "id": "affected-text-span", "name": "Affected text span", "description": "Attach the mark to the relevant utterance or fragment, including nested quotation contexts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which word, phrase, sentence, or quoted utterance does this exclamation mark punctuate?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "affected-text-span-q01" }, { "text": "Does the mark belong to quoted material or to the surrounding writer's sentence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "affected-text-span-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "writing-conventions", "name": "Writing conventions", "description": "Evaluate placement, spacing, and opening or closing forms under an identified convention.", "findings": [ { "id": "convention-specific-formation", "name": "Convention-specific formation", "description": "Treat punctuation formation as convention-dependent and retain unresolved cases when the governing convention is unknown.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which language, locale, and editorial convention govern this mark's placement, spacing, and any paired form?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "convention-specific-formation-q01" }, { "text": "Under that convention, should this occurrence be retained, repositioned, paired, or flagged for review?", "kind": "action", "id": "convention-specific-formation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "expressive-interpretation", "name": "Expressive interpretation", "description": "Assess the mark's contribution to tone without equating punctuation with a fixed emotion.", "rationale": "An agent must recognise expressive cues while keeping interpretation sensitive to wording, relationship, and medium.", "layers": [ { "id": "contextual-force", "name": "Contextual force", "description": "Represent plausible readings of the mark in its immediate communicative setting.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-tone-readings", "name": "Supported tone readings", "description": "Keep candidate interpretations distinct from claims about the writer's actual feelings or intentions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which readings, such as surprise, enthusiasm, urgency, warmth, or irony, are supported by the surrounding message?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-tone-readings-q01" }, { "text": "What additional context would distinguish those readings, and which remain unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-tone-readings-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "repetition-and-combination", "name": "Repetition and combination", "description": "Capture sequences whose interpretation depends on more than a single exclamation mark.", "findings": [ { "id": "expressive-mark-sequence", "name": "Expressive mark sequence", "description": "Record repetition and mixed punctuation as observed configurations rather than translating their length into a universal emotional score.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many exclamation marks occur, in what order with other punctuation, and with what intervening spaces?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "expressive-mark-sequence-q01" }, { "text": "Would reducing or reordering this sequence change a supported tone cue or conflict with the requested editorial style?", "kind": "action", "id": "expressive-mark-sequence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "interpretation-and-edit-controls", "name": "Interpretation and edit controls", "description": "Route overloaded uses to their governing models and determine when a punctuation change is appropriate.", "rationale": "The same visible mark can affect prose tone, formal evaluation, or a larger graphic sign, making context essential to action.", "layers": [ { "id": "non-punctuation-routing", "name": "Non-punctuation routing", "description": "Identify occurrences that require mathematical, programming, or interface semantics.", "findings": [ { "id": "external-rule-owner", "name": "External rule owner", "description": "Record the occurrence and its governing notation while leaving the operation or complete symbol to the neighbouring model.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does a mathematical expression, programming language, command syntax, or interface legend assign this mark a specific function?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "external-rule-owner-q01" }, { "text": "Which specification or local context must be consulted before interpreting or changing that function?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "external-rule-owner-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "editing-decision", "name": "Editing decision", "description": "Connect a proposed change to the task, preservation requirements, and expected effect.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-mark-edit", "name": "Justified mark edit", "description": "Make insertion, removal, replacement, or normalisation depend on an explicit purpose and adequate contextual evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the task permit changing this mark, or must its exact representation be preserved as quotation, data, or executable text?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-mark-edit-q01" }, { "text": "What change in tone, sentence interpretation, or formal behaviour is expected from the proposed edit?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-mark-edit-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This description assumes the ordinary punctuation sense because no registry sense was supplied.", "The listed varieties include related encoded characters, rather than a universally accepted taxonomy of punctuation.", "Details of typography and programming meanings depend on the relevant style guide or language specification; this account is from recall." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of exclamation mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Ordinary exclamation mark (!)", "Inverted exclamation mark (¡), used to open Spanish exclamations", "Double exclamation mark (‼)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of exclamation mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Unicode", "value_or_pattern": "U+0021", "note": "EXCLAMATION MARK; the ordinary ! character." }, { "scheme": "Unicode", "value_or_pattern": "U+00A1", "note": "INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK." }, { "scheme": "Unicode", "value_or_pattern": "U+203C", "note": "DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK; a single character distinct from two consecutive U+0021 characters." }, { "scheme": "ASCII", "value_or_pattern": "33 decimal / 0x21 hexadecimal", "note": "Character code for !." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of exclamation mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The Unicode Standard, maintained by the Unicode Consortium, specifies character identities and encoding properties.", "ISO/IEC 10646, issued by ISO and IEC, includes these characters in the Universal Coded Character Set.", "Spanish orthographic rules published by the Real Academia Española and the Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española prescribe opening ¡ and closing ! for exclamatory passages." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of exclamation mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Marking exclamations, forceful commands, surprise and emphasis in written language.", "Expressing enthusiasm, urgency or interpersonal tone in informal digital communication.", "Denoting factorials in mathematics, as in 5! = 120.", "Representing operations such as logical negation in programming languages, according to each language's syntax.", "Serving as a warning or attention symbol within signs and interfaces." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of exclamation mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Readers may interpret emphatic punctuation as anger, shouting or sarcasm when another tone was intended.", "Frequent use can reduce the contrast between ordinary messages and urgent ones.", "Its meaning can be misread when mathematical, programming and ordinary-language contexts are confused.", "Visually similar Unicode characters may not behave identically in searching, validation or program parsing.", "Omitting the opening inverted mark departs from standard Spanish exclamatory punctuation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of exclamation mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "American English commonly calls it an exclamation point; British English commonly uses exclamation mark.", "Standard Spanish uses paired ¡ and !, while English normally uses only the closing !.", "French typography commonly places spacing before !, whereas English normally places it directly after the preceding text; exact spacing conventions vary." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of exclamation mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Exclamation", "difference": "An exclamation is an utterance or linguistic act; an exclamation mark is a written sign that may mark it." }, { "name": "Question mark", "difference": "A question mark conventionally marks interrogative force rather than exclamatory force." }, { "name": "Interrobang", "difference": "The interrobang combines interrogative and exclamatory functions in the single sign ‽." }, { "name": "Factorial", "difference": "Factorial is a mathematical operation commonly denoted by !, rather than the punctuation mark itself." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of exclamation mark this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend this entry to cover the punctuation sign across related character forms, or only the ordinary ! character?", "Which authoritative language and style references should govern paired forms, spacing, quotation placement, and repeated punctuation?", "What evidence supports distinguishing tone readings across communication media and communities, and how should uncertainty be calibrated?", "Where should ownership fall between this sign model and neighbouring models for inverted forms, combined punctuation signs, and graphic warning symbols?", "Which formal-notation contexts should receive explicit recognition rules, and which should remain unresolved until a governing specification is supplied?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a exclamation mark, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an exclamation mark, interpret its role in context, and decide whether to preserve, insert, remove, or explain it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ՜, ߹.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 85 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a exclamation mark, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "՜", "߹" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 85 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one exclamation mark from another, and a exclamation mark from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a exclamation mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a exclamation mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a exclamation mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a exclamation mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a exclamation mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a exclamation mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a exclamation mark sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a exclamation mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a exclamation mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a exclamation mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a exclamation mark from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a exclamation mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a exclamation mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a exclamation mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a exclamation mark passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a exclamation mark between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a exclamation mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a exclamation mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a exclamation mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a exclamation mark, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a exclamation mark is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a exclamation mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a exclamation mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a exclamation mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What exclamation mark is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of exclamation mark are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is exclamation mark operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of exclamation mark and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of exclamation mark?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as exclamation mark?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a exclamation mark came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a exclamation mark and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a exclamation mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a exclamation mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a exclamation mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a exclamation mark is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a exclamation mark, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a exclamation mark, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a exclamation mark is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }