{ "model": { "rank": 3317, "code": "thing-q166788", "model_id": "vr.tr.biathlon", "name": "biathlon", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise biathlon activities, assess skiing and shooting performance together, and determine appropriate participation, competition and review actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q166788/", "tier": 2, "score": 87, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "snowshoe biathlon", "para biathlon", "women's biathlon", "men's biathlon", "men 10km sprint" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 87, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q166788", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166788", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:26:39Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c42-6a16-7071-9ba2-b68487743c4f\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: biathlon\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 77.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c42-6a0c-7133-9417-631dfb3dde75\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: biathlon\nRegistry id: vr.tr.biathlon\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContex" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q166788", "registryId": "vr.tr.biathlon", "name": "biathlon", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q166788/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.biathlon", "name": "biathlon", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise biathlon activities, assess skiing and shooting performance together, and determine appropriate participation, competition and review actions.", "definition": "Biathlon is a winter endurance sport combining cross-country skiing with rifle shooting, in which competitors ski successive course segments and shoot at targets from prone and standing positions, with missed targets incurring penalties.", "scope_statement": "This model owns biathlon as an activity combining cross-country skiing with rifle target shooting, including their interaction, event formats and performance assessment; adaptations are recorded explicitly rather than assumed equivalent.", "in_scope": [ "Alternation between skiing segments and shooting bouts", "Individual and team race formats and their applicable rules", "Shooting posture, target outcomes and consequences of misses", "Skiing pace, range transitions and combined performance", "Biathlon-specific course, range and participation conditions", "Explicit identification of adapted or non-snow variants" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Cross-country skiing technique independent of shooting demands", "Rifle design, manufacture and general firearms instruction", "Nordic combined and other multi-discipline sports", "Athlete medical diagnosis and treatment", "General venue construction and environmental management", "Institutional governance beyond rules applicable to an activity" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The standard winter sense combines cross-country skiing with rifle target shooting within one competitive activity.", "Skiing and shooting outcomes jointly affect the result; shooting is not a separate exhibition or independent score unrelated to the race.", "The activity requires transitions from skiing exertion to controlled shooting and back into skiing.", "It differs from Nordic combined because the paired discipline is target shooting rather than ski jumping.", "Activities replacing skiing or conventional shooting must identify their variant and rules before being treated as comparable instances." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Activity variant", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Winter ski biathlon; explicitly named adapted or non-snow variant", "why_it_matters": "Establishes which movement, equipment and comparison assumptions apply." }, { "name": "Applicable rules", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Governing body, document version, competition category and local provisions", "why_it_matters": "Makes event interpretation traceable rather than dependent on an assumed universal format." }, { "name": "Race format", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Individual, sprint, pursuit, mass start, relay or another explicitly specified format", "why_it_matters": "Determines start arrangements, shooting sequence and how results are interpreted." }, { "name": "Skiing workload", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Distance in kilometres, elapsed time in seconds and elevation change in metres", "why_it_matters": "Describes the movement demand contributing to fatigue and race performance." }, { "name": "Shooting sequence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Ordered bouts with prescribed posture and target requirements", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to distinguish a missed target from an incorrectly completed bout." }, { "name": "Shooting outcome", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Hits, misses, shots used and shooting duration in seconds, recorded per bout", "why_it_matters": "Preserves accuracy and time costs that an aggregate finishing time conceals." }, { "name": "Miss consequence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Rule-specific added time, penalty-loop obligation or other prescribed consequence", "why_it_matters": "Connects target outcomes to the race result without assuming all formats penalise misses identically." }, { "name": "Participation status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Entered, cleared to start, racing, finished, withdrawn, disqualified or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Separates performance observations from eligibility and official result status." }, { "name": "Competition conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Recorded snow condition, temperature, wind and visibility, with observation time and location", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of skiing speed and shooting difficulty under changing conditions." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify an activity as standard winter biathlon or an explicitly identified variant.", "Construct the required skiing, shooting and penalty sequence from the applicable event rules.", "Compare skiing time, range time and shooting outcomes while retaining format and condition differences.", "Flag incomplete shooting bouts, unserved penalties or uncertain timing records for review.", "Assess whether documented course, range and participant clearances permit the next activity stage.", "Explain a provisional result through its skiing, shooting, penalty and start-offset components." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "biathlon-identity-and-format", "name": "Biathlon identity and format", "description": "Identifies the activity sense and the competition contract governing its combined disciplines.", "rationale": "An agent must establish which kind of biathlon it is observing before interpreting distances, shooting obligations or results.", "layers": [ { "id": "discipline-boundary", "name": "Discipline boundary", "description": "Separates winter ski-and-rifle biathlon from neighbouring sports and named adaptations.", "findings": [ { "id": "combined-activity-identity", "name": "Combined activity identity", "description": "Record the movement discipline, shooting modality and mechanism linking them into one activity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this instance combine cross-country skiing and rifle target shooting, or does it explicitly substitute another movement or shooting modality?", "kind": "definition", "id": "combined-activity-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What makes the skiing and shooting parts one biathlon activity rather than two separately assessed activities?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "combined-activity-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "format-and-rule-authority", "name": "Format and rule authority", "description": "Establishes the event format and the source of its operative requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "event-contract", "name": "Event contract", "description": "Record the named format, participant category, start arrangement and authoritative rule version.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which rule document and event provisions establish this race's skiing and shooting obligations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "event-contract-q01" }, { "text": "How do the format and participant category determine the start arrangement and required bout sequence?", "kind": "definition", "id": "event-contract-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "skiing-and-range-transitions", "name": "Skiing and range transitions", "description": "Captures the skiing workload and the transitions through which exertion affects shooting.", "rationale": "Biathlon performance depends on how skiing and shooting interact, as well as on competence in each discipline.", "layers": [ { "id": "ski-segment-demand", "name": "Ski segment demand", "description": "Describes each required skiing segment and the conditions under which it is completed.", "findings": [ { "id": "segment-workload-and-pace", "name": "Segment workload and pace", "description": "Record segment distance, terrain, snow conditions and elapsed time with clear timing boundaries.", "questions": [ { "text": "What distance and terrain must the athlete cover between successive range visits or the finish?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "segment-workload-and-pace-q01" }, { "text": "Do the reported ski splits exclude range time and penalty-loop time, and where are their timing boundaries?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "segment-workload-and-pace-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exertion-to-shooting-transition", "name": "Exertion-to-shooting transition", "description": "Makes the approach to the range and the return to skiing observable.", "findings": [ { "id": "transition-performance", "name": "Transition performance", "description": "Distinguish range approach, preparation, shooting and departure when observations support that separation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much time is spent approaching, preparing, shooting and departing during each range visit?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "transition-performance-q01" }, { "text": "What observations support attributing a change in shooting performance to preceding skiing effort rather than wind, equipment or measurement differences?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "transition-performance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "shooting-bouts-and-miss-consequences", "name": "Shooting bouts and miss consequences", "description": "Records shooting obligations, observed target outcomes and their format-specific consequences.", "rationale": "Misses, extra shots and incomplete obligations have different meanings that must remain distinguishable.", "layers": [ { "id": "bout-requirements-and-observations", "name": "Bout requirements and observations", "description": "Connects each range visit to its prescribed posture and target task.", "findings": [ { "id": "bout-completion", "name": "Bout completion", "description": "Record required posture, assigned targets, shots used and confirmed target outcomes for each bout.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which posture, target requirements and shot allowances apply to this particular bout?", "kind": "definition", "id": "bout-completion-q01" }, { "text": "Which target outcomes are confirmed, and which remain uncertain because of a target fault, crossfire or incomplete observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "bout-completion-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "penalty-obligations", "name": "Penalty obligations", "description": "Translates confirmed shooting outcomes into required consequences.", "findings": [ { "id": "miss-to-result-link", "name": "Miss-to-result link", "description": "Record the applicable consequence of each unresolved target and evidence that any resulting obligation was fulfilled.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under this format, how do missed targets and any permitted extra shots determine added time or penalty-loop obligations?", "kind": "definition", "id": "miss-to-result-link-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence confirms that the athlete completed the required penalty loops or received the correct time adjustment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "miss-to-result-link-q02" }, { "text": "What review is required if observed target outcomes and recorded penalties disagree?", "kind": "action", "id": "miss-to-result-link-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "course-range-and-start-readiness", "name": "Course, range and start readiness", "description": "Captures the operational conditions needed for a skiing-and-shooting activity to proceed.", "rationale": "A usable biathlon model must connect course availability, shooting-range control and participant clearance.", "layers": [ { "id": "course-and-range-operability", "name": "Course and range operability", "description": "Records whether skiing routes, penalty routes and shooting facilities support the planned format.", "findings": [ { "id": "combined-venue-readiness", "name": "Combined venue readiness", "description": "Record the status of the ski course, range, targets and any required penalty loop, including restrictions issued by responsible officials.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are the ski course, range and required penalty route available and configured for this event's sequence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "combined-venue-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Who has authorised activity to proceed, and what weather, visibility or facility restrictions currently apply?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "combined-venue-readiness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "participant-and-equipment-clearance", "name": "Participant and equipment clearance", "description": "Links eligibility and equipment checks to permission to participate.", "findings": [ { "id": "biathlon-start-clearance", "name": "Biathlon start clearance", "description": "Record required participant and ski-and-rifle equipment clearances without treating this model as a firearms procedure manual.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which participant-category and equipment checks must be satisfied before this athlete may start?", "kind": "definition", "id": "biathlon-start-clearance-q01" }, { "text": "What authorised action applies if a required clearance is missing or an equipment issue is reported during the activity?", "kind": "action", "id": "biathlon-start-clearance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "combined-results-and-team-dependencies", "name": "Combined results and team dependencies", "description": "Explains individual results and the dependencies introduced by pursuit starts and relay participation.", "rationale": "Finish order, elapsed time and team outcome cannot be interpreted correctly without the event's start and penalty logic.", "layers": [ { "id": "result-reconstruction", "name": "Result reconstruction", "description": "Connects recorded race events to provisional and official classifications.", "findings": [ { "id": "auditable-combined-result", "name": "Auditable combined result", "description": "Preserve start offsets, elapsed time, embedded penalty-loop time, added penalties and official adjustments without double counting.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do start offsets, measured elapsed time and applicable adjustments produce the classified result in this format?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "auditable-combined-result-q01" }, { "text": "Which penalties are already included in elapsed time, and which must be added separately?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "auditable-combined-result-q02" }, { "text": "Which timing records and official decisions establish whether the result is provisional or final?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "auditable-combined-result-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "relay-and-linked-starts", "name": "Relay and linked starts", "description": "Represents dependencies between athletes, legs or qualifying results.", "findings": [ { "id": "linked-participation-state", "name": "Linked participation state", "description": "Record relay order and exchanges, or prior-result dependencies for linked starts, only where the format requires them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this athlete's start depend on a prior race result, a teammate's exchange or an independent scheduled start?", "kind": "relation", "id": "linked-participation-state-q01" }, { "text": "What rule and official decision determine the next athlete's or team's status after an invalid exchange, withdrawal or incomplete leg?", "kind": "action", "id": "linked-participation-state-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the conventional winter sporting sense; summer and adaptive variants require additional distinctions.", "Race distances, penalties, equipment requirements and eligibility should be checked against the applicable IBU rules and age category.", "The measurements describe established standard formats, not every shortened, youth or adaptive event; no sources were consulted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of biathlon this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Individual", "Sprint", "Pursuit", "Mass start", "Relay", "Mixed relay" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of biathlon this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Biathlon Union (IBU) Event and Competition Rules govern international competition formats, skiing, shooting, equipment and penalties.", "IBU anti-doping rules implement the World Anti-Doping Agency World Anti-Doping Code." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of biathlon this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Winter Olympic competition", "World Championships and World Cup competition", "National, club and youth competition", "Recreational training combining skiing endurance with shooting accuracy" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of biathlon this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Shooting distance in standard senior competition", "typical_range": "50", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Target hit-zone diameter", "typical_range": "45 prone; 115 standing", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Targets per shooting bout", "typical_range": "5", "unit": "targets" }, { "quantity": "Shooting bouts per competitor in standard race formats", "typical_range": "2-4", "unit": "bouts" }, { "quantity": "Penalty-loop length in many standard senior formats", "typical_range": "150", "unit": "m" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of biathlon this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Missed targets incur added skiing distance or time penalties, depending on the format.", "High exertion, wind and poor shooting technique can reduce accuracy.", "Falls and collisions on ski courses can cause injury or equipment damage.", "Cold exposure and demanding endurance workloads can compromise athlete safety.", "Unsafe rifle handling creates a risk of serious injury and can result in disqualification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of biathlon this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Snow availability and access to regulated shooting ranges strongly affect participation and training.", "Some youth and introductory programmes use air rifles or laser systems under locally defined rules." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of biathlon this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Cross-country skiing", "difference": "Cross-country skiing races do not include rifle-shooting bouts." }, { "name": "Nordic combined", "difference": "Nordic combined joins ski jumping with cross-country skiing, rather than shooting." }, { "name": "Ski mountaineering", "difference": "Ski mountaineering competition centres on mountain ascents, descents and transitions without target shooting." }, { "name": "Summer biathlon", "difference": "Summer biathlon replaces snow skiing with a summer locomotion discipline, commonly roller skiing, while retaining shooting." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of biathlon this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does registry entry vr.tr.biathlon intend only winter ski-and-rifle biathlon, or also summer and adapted variants?", "Which governing rule versions and participant categories should the first researched model support?", "Which format-specific provisions govern extra shots, penalties, linked starts and relay exchanges in the intended coverage?", "What evidence and measurement resolution are available to separate skiing effort, range-transition time and shooting performance without unsupported causal claims?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this activity and therefore need to be linked rather than duplicated?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a biathlon, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise biathlon activities, assess skiing and shooting performance together, and determine appropriate participation, competition and review actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: snowshoe biathlon, para biathlon, women's biathlon, men's biathlon, men 10km sprint.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 87 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a biathlon, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "snowshoe biathlon", "para biathlon", "women's biathlon", "men's biathlon", "men 10km sprint" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 87 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one biathlon from another, and a biathlon from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a biathlon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a biathlon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a biathlon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a biathlon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a biathlon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a biathlon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a biathlon sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a biathlon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a biathlon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a biathlon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a biathlon from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a biathlon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a biathlon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a biathlon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a biathlon passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a biathlon between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a biathlon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a biathlon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a biathlon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a biathlon, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a biathlon is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a biathlon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a biathlon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a biathlon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a biathlon proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a biathlon, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a biathlon and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a biathlon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a biathlon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a biathlon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a biathlon consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a biathlon takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a biathlon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a biathlon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a biathlon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What biathlon is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of biathlon are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is biathlon operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of biathlon and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of biathlon?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as biathlon?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a biathlon came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a biathlon and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a biathlon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a biathlon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a biathlon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a biathlon is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a biathlon, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a biathlon, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a biathlon is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }