{ "model": { "rank": 3750, "code": "thing-q166849", "model_id": "vr.tr.magnifying-glass", "name": "magnifying glass", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a magnifying glass, assess whether it can provide a useful enlarged view, and choose appropriate handling, positioning and care.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q166849/", "tier": 2, "score": 82, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "loupe", "pocket comparator", "pick glass", "Pinhole magnifier" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 82, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q166849", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166849", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T15:03:15Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c64-1a38-7472-a37d-a11cbe7d0d7f\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: magnifying glass\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 801 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c64-1a27-79c1-be53-83e7c940e26e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: magnifying glass\nRegistry id: vr.tr.magnifying-glass\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry:" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q166849", "registryId": "vr.tr.magnifying-glass", "name": "magnifying glass", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q166849/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.magnifying-glass", "name": "magnifying glass", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a magnifying glass, assess whether it can provide a useful enlarged view, and choose appropriate handling, positioning and care.", "definition": "A magnifying glass is a direct-view optical instrument using a converging lens or lens assembly to present an enlarged, upright virtual image of a nearby object, increasing its apparent angular size.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the magnifying glass as a kind of direct-view optical tool, including its magnifying lens assembly, supporting frame, viewing geometry and usable condition; product specifications and individual units instantiate this kind.", "in_scope": [ "Handheld and supported magnifying glasses used for direct visual inspection", "Lens assemblies and their optical performance in the intended viewing configuration", "Frames, handles, stands and integrated illumination that support magnified viewing", "Object, lens and eye positioning needed to obtain a useful enlarged view", "Optical condition, cleaning, storage and sunlight-related precautions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Compound microscopes and their objective-eyepiece imaging systems", "Telescopes and binoculars intended primarily for distant objects", "Electronic magnifiers whose enlarged image is presented on a display", "Spectacles and clinical assessment or prescription of vision correction", "The identity, composition or diagnosis of the specimen being inspected" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Provides a direct enlarged view through a positive-power lens assembly without requiring a camera or display.", "In its ordinary magnifying configuration, a nearby object produces an upright virtual image viewed through the lens.", "Does not require the separate objective and eyepiece arrangement characteristic of a compound microscope.", "Its primary task is enlargement of nearby detail, rather than correction of the wearer's vision or observation of distant objects.", "A loose positive lens is included only when its intended role is use as a direct-view magnifier; optical power alone does not establish tool identity." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Lens construction", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Single lens; compound lens assembly; Fresnel lens; other documented construction; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Construction affects image quality, thickness, weight and suitable cleaning methods." }, { "name": "Effective focal length", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm, with measurement method or specification source", "why_it_matters": "Helps establish the viewing geometry and interpret magnification claims." }, { "name": "Stated angular magnification", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dimensionless ratio expressed as ×, with reference viewing distance and viewing convention", "why_it_matters": "Magnification labels are not reliably comparable without their assumed viewing conditions." }, { "name": "Clear aperture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm diameter, or mm width × height for noncircular apertures", "why_it_matters": "Constrains the viewing opening but does not alone determine the usable field." }, { "name": "Usable object field", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm diameter or width × height, with object distance, eye position and image-quality criterion", "why_it_matters": "Shows how much of the inspected surface can be viewed usefully at once." }, { "name": "Object-side working distance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm from a stated lens or housing reference surface to the object", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the tool leaves enough clearance for the inspection task." }, { "name": "Support configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Handheld; fixed stand; adjustable stand; folding support; other", "why_it_matters": "Determines how viewing distance is maintained and whether hands remain available." }, { "name": "Illumination provision", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Ambient only; integrated unpowered light guide; integrated powered lighting; other", "why_it_matters": "Separates passive magnification from optional features that introduce power and maintenance needs." }, { "name": "Optical and mechanical condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Record contamination, scratches, cracks, haze, loose lens retention and support instability separately", "why_it_matters": "Different defects require different responses and can affect both visibility and handling." }, { "name": "Task compatibility", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to intended detail size, inspected surface, access constraints and viewing requirements", "why_it_matters": "Suitability depends on the inspection task rather than nominal magnification alone." } ], "affordances": [ "Position the lens, object and eye to obtain an upright enlarged view.", "Compare candidate magnifiers using documented magnification, usable field and working distance.", "Adjust a support or integrated light to improve visibility and stability.", "Inspect and clean the lens using methods compatible with its material and coatings.", "Withdraw a damaged or unstable unit from use pending repair or replacement.", "Cover or store the lens to prevent unintended concentration of sunlight." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "magnifier-identity", "name": "Magnifier identity", "description": "Establishes which direct-view magnifying tools the registry entry represents.", "rationale": "A magnifying glass can resemble a loose lens, loupe, microscope component or electronic magnifier, so recognition needs an explicit optical and functional boundary.", "layers": [ { "id": "direct-view-function", "name": "Direct-view function", "description": "Identifies the enlargement task and the optical path used to perform it.", "findings": [ { "id": "near-detail-enlargement", "name": "Near-detail enlargement", "description": "Record whether the tool is intended to enlarge nearby detail for an eye looking directly through its lens assembly.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the enlarged view seen directly through the lens, or supplied by a camera and display?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "near-detail-enlargement-q01" }, { "text": "What nearby detail is the tool intended to make easier to distinguish?", "kind": "definition", "id": "near-detail-enlargement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "construction-and-kind-boundary", "name": "Construction and kind boundary", "description": "Separates variants of the tool from neighbouring optical instruments and particular products.", "findings": [ { "id": "lens-assembly-and-support", "name": "Lens assembly and support", "description": "Describe the lens assembly and its support without treating one manufacturer, lens material or handle shape as the definition of the kind.", "questions": [ { "text": "What lens construction and support arrangement does this variant use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "lens-assembly-and-support-q01" }, { "text": "Does it function as a simple direct-view magnifier or as part of a separate objective-eyepiece instrument?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "lens-assembly-and-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "optical-performance", "name": "Optical performance", "description": "Describes the enlargement and useful view available under stated viewing conditions.", "rationale": "Nominal magnification alone cannot establish whether the tool will reveal the required detail.", "layers": [ { "id": "magnification-and-focus", "name": "Magnification and focus", "description": "Connects focal properties and magnification claims to their assumptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-magnification", "name": "Interpretable magnification", "description": "Keep stated magnification distinct from measured performance and record the convention behind the stated value.", "questions": [ { "text": "What angular magnification is specified, and what reference distance and eye-focus condition does that value assume?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "interpretable-magnification-q01" }, { "text": "What effective focal length is documented or measured, and by what method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-magnification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-and-image-quality", "name": "Field and image quality", "description": "Captures how much detail remains useful across the visible region.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-detail-across-field", "name": "Usable detail across field", "description": "Assess usable field and detail visibility together, including edge blur, distortion, colour fringes and glare where observed.", "questions": [ { "text": "What object area remains acceptably clear at the recorded object distance and eye position?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-detail-across-field-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed image defects prevent the intended detail from being distinguished?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-detail-across-field-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "viewing-setup", "name": "Viewing setup", "description": "Relates lens placement, support and lighting to a practical inspection task.", "rationale": "A serviceable magnifier can still fail its task when clearance, steadiness or illumination is unsuitable.", "layers": [ { "id": "eye-lens-object-geometry", "name": "Eye, lens and object geometry", "description": "Records the distances and support needed to maintain the desired view.", "findings": [ { "id": "stable-working-position", "name": "Stable working position", "description": "Establish an achievable viewing position with enough clearance and stability for the task.", "questions": [ { "text": "At what lens-to-object and eye-to-lens distances is the required upright enlarged view obtained?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stable-working-position-q01" }, { "text": "Can the handle or support maintain that position while leaving the required access to the object?", "kind": "action", "id": "stable-working-position-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "inspection-lighting", "name": "Inspection lighting", "description": "Describes illumination of the object and optional powered lighting features.", "findings": [ { "id": "light-without-obscuring-detail", "name": "Light without obscuring detail", "description": "Record whether illumination exposes the detail or obscures it through reflections, glare or shadows, and identify controls only where present.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which light position and setting make the target detail visible without obstructive glare or shadow?", "kind": "action", "id": "light-without-obscuring-detail-q01" }, { "text": "If lighting is integrated, what power source, controls and replaceable components are documented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "light-without-obscuring-detail-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-care-and-storage", "name": "Condition, care and storage", "description": "Determines whether the lens and support remain usable and how they should be maintained and stored.", "rationale": "Lens damage degrades the view, failed retention creates handling hazards, and an exposed positive lens can concentrate sunlight.", "layers": [ { "id": "lens-and-support-condition", "name": "Lens and support condition", "description": "Distinguishes removable contamination from optical damage and mechanical faults.", "findings": [ { "id": "inspect-before-intervention", "name": "Inspect before intervention", "description": "Record the location and effect of defects before choosing cleaning, repair or withdrawal from use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are visibility problems caused by removable contamination, scratches, cracks, haze or another observed defect?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "inspect-before-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "Does the frame retain the lens securely, and does the support hold its viewing position?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "inspect-before-intervention-q02" }, { "text": "Given the observed defects, should the unit be cleaned, repaired or withdrawn from use?", "kind": "action", "id": "inspect-before-intervention-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "compatible-care-and-sunlight-control", "name": "Compatible care and sunlight control", "description": "Links cleaning to lens materials and storage to the possibility of focused sunlight.", "findings": [ { "id": "protect-surfaces-and-surroundings", "name": "Protect surfaces and surroundings", "description": "Use documented material-compatible care and prevent the stored lens from concentrating direct sunlight onto people or nearby materials.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cleaning agents and methods are supported for the documented lens material and coatings?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "protect-surfaces-and-surroundings-q01" }, { "text": "What cover or storage position prevents direct sunlight from passing through the lens and being concentrated onto nearby surfaces?", "kind": "action", "id": "protect-surfaces-and-surroundings-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The sense covered is the optical instrument class, not a specific product or the graphical search icon.", "Size and magnification ranges are approximate recall values, not specification limits; magnification claims require checking their reference viewing distance.", "Ordinary unilluminated magnifiers are passive; illuminated versions require electrical power, and applicable product requirements depend on their construction and market." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of magnifying glass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Handheld magnifier", "Stand magnifier", "Illuminated magnifier", "Folding pocket magnifier", "Fresnel sheet magnifier", "Inspection loupe" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of magnifying glass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Enlarging print and other close visual tasks", "Inspecting small components, surface defects and workmanship", "Examining stamps, coins, jewellery and other collectibles", "Observing insects, plants and geological specimens", "Demonstrating refraction, focal length and image formation" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of magnifying glass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Nominal angular magnification", "typical_range": "Approximately 2-10 for common handheld magnifiers; rating depends on the viewing convention", "unit": "×" }, { "quantity": "Lens diameter", "typical_range": "Approximately 20-100 for common handheld circular magnifiers", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of magnifying glass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Scratches, dirt and coating damage reduce contrast and visibility.", "Spherical and chromatic aberration can blur or colour image edges, especially in simple lenses.", "Incorrect object distance prevents the intended upright magnified view.", "Concentrated sunlight can burn skin or ignite combustible material; viewing the sun through the instrument can cause severe eye injury.", "Broken glass, loose lens mounts or damaged handles can cause injury or make the instrument unusable." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of magnifying glass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Converging lens", "difference": "A converging lens is an optical component; a magnifying glass is an instrument using that component or a lens assembly for direct visual enlargement." }, { "name": "Compound microscope", "difference": "A compound microscope uses an objective to form an intermediate image that an eyepiece magnifies; a magnifying glass operates as a simple magnifier." }, { "name": "Loupe", "difference": "A loupe is generally a compact, close-working magnifier and overlaps this category rather than forming a wholly separate class." }, { "name": "Reading glasses", "difference": "Reading glasses provide near-vision correction while worn before the eyes; a magnifying glass is positioned to enlarge the apparent view of a target." }, { "name": "Digital magnifier", "difference": "A digital magnifier enlarges a camera image on a display rather than providing direct optical viewing through a magnifying lens." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of magnifying glass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the wider registry place loupes, sheet magnifiers and wearable magnifiers within this entry or in separate registered kinds?", "Which authoritative optical terminology and magnification conventions should govern comparison of manufacturer claims?", "Which standards, issuing bodies and conformity requirements apply to passive magnifiers and to variants with integrated electrical lighting in the intended markets?", "What sourced ranges of magnification, clear aperture and working distance represent common variants without implying universal limits?", "Which documented inspection criteria distinguish tolerable cosmetic defects from damage requiring withdrawal for each lens material and support design?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 14, "questions": 23 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a magnifying glass, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a magnifying glass, assess whether it can provide a useful enlarged view, and choose appropriate handling, positioning and care.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: loupe, pocket comparator, pick glass, Pinhole magnifier.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a magnifying glass, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "loupe", "pocket comparator", "pick glass", "Pinhole magnifier" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one magnifying glass from another, and a magnifying glass from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a magnifying glass sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a magnifying glass from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a magnifying glass is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a magnifying glass is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a magnifying glass is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a magnifying glass is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a magnifying glass is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a magnifying glass is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a magnifying glass passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a magnifying glass between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a magnifying glass, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a magnifying glass is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What magnifying glass is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does magnifying glass perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise magnifying glass, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How magnifying glass is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does magnifying glass have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does magnifying glass need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about magnifying glass is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about magnifying glass hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern magnifying glass, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a magnifying glass came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a magnifying glass and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a magnifying glass is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a magnifying glass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a magnifying glass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a magnifying glass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }