{ "model": { "rank": 4203, "code": "thing-q166886", "model_id": "vr.tr.duke", "name": "duke", "purpose": "Let an agent handle the title duke by country, rank, holders, succession and forms of address, neutrally.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q166886/", "tier": 2, "score": 77, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Duke of Braganza", "Duke Consort", "Duchess of Brabant", "count-duke", "Prince of Gothia", "Count-Duke of Olivares", "Duchess of Abrantes", "Duke of Wrocław", "Duke of Moscow", "Duke of Prussia", "Duke of Rothesay", "Duke of Aarschot", "Duke of Württemberg", "Duke of Chartres", "Duke of Saxony", "Duke of Mirandola", "Duke of Terranova", "Duke of Montalto", "Duke of Gloucester", "Duke of Tervuren", "duke of Montpensier", "Duke of Gallese", "Duke d'Ursel", "duke of Penthièvre", "Duke of Amalfi", "Duke of Turin", "Duke of Görlitz", "Duke of Enghien", "Duke of Lolland", "Duke in Saxony", "Duke of Courland and Semigallia", "Duke of Kent", "Duke of Beaufort", "Duke of Sermoneta", "Adipati", "Duke of Noailles", "Duke of Abercorn", "Duke of Argyll", "Duke of Buccleuch", "Duke of Grafton" ], "aliasCount": 182, "merged": 183, "knownIn": 77, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.duke-person", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q166886", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166886", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T07:34:04Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q166886", "registryId": "vr.tr.duke", "name": "duke", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q166886/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.duke", "name": "duke", "purpose": "Let an agent handle the title duke by country, rank, holders, succession and forms of address, neutrally.", "definition": "A noble title ranking below prince or king and above marquess or count in most European systems; historically a ruler of a duchy and now mostly a hereditary or courtesy title; the female equivalent is duchess.", "what_it_is_for": "A rank in nobility systems and historically a territorial ruler.", "affordances": [ "identify title holders from sources", "use correct forms of address", "trace succession", "study historical duchies" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "High noble rank", "Historically a territorial ruler", "Hereditary or created", "Legal status varies by country" ], "appearance": "A title, not an appearance; associated coronets and arms.", "visual_identification": [ "Titles such as Duke of X", "Coronet with strawberry leaves in British heraldry", "Grand dukes and archdukes are related titles" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "sovereign dukes (historical)", "peerage dukes", "royal dukes", "grand dukes and archdukes", "duchesses and duke consorts" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "noble title", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "ranks above", "target": "marquess and count", "why": "hierarchy" }, { "relation": "ruled", "target": "duchy", "why": "territory" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "monarch", "why": "higher rank" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Peerage law where applicable", "Laws abolishing or regulating titles" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Wrong forms of address", "Confusing successive holders", "Treating abolished titles as legal" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "title", "name": "Title", "description": "Which dukedom.", "rationale": "Titles are specific.", "layers": [ { "id": "name", "name": "Name", "description": "Title and country.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-finding", "name": "Name", "description": "Title.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dukedom, in which country or peerage?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is it extant?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rank", "name": "Rank", "description": "Hierarchy.", "findings": [ { "id": "rank-finding", "name": "Rank", "description": "Rank.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the title rank in that system?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is it royal?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "holders", "name": "Holders", "description": "Succession.", "rationale": "Holders need sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "current", "name": "Current holder", "description": "Who holds it.", "findings": [ { "id": "current-finding", "name": "Current", "description": "Holder.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who holds the title now, according to official records?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Since when?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "succession", "name": "Succession", "description": "Rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "succession-finding", "name": "Succession", "description": "Succession.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the title pass?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Who is the heir?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "etiquette", "name": "Etiquette", "description": "Address.", "rationale": "Forms of address matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "address", "name": "Address", "description": "Style.", "findings": [ { "id": "address-finding", "name": "Address", "description": "Form of address.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is a duke or duchess addressed?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "In writing and speech?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "status", "name": "Legal status", "description": "Recognition.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-finding", "name": "Status", "description": "Legal status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the title legally recognised in this country?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Were titles abolished?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Duchies.", "rationale": "History explains titles.", "layers": [ { "id": "duchy", "name": "Duchy", "description": "Territory.", "findings": [ { "id": "duchy-finding", "name": "Duchy", "description": "Historical duchy.", "questions": [ { "text": "What territory was historically associated?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "When?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "notable", "name": "Notable holders", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "notable-finding", "name": "Notable", "description": "Notable holders.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which holders are historically notable, according to historians?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the account balanced?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should titles per country be separate entries?", "How should holders be linked?", "How should disputed titles be represented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a duke, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle the title duke by country, rank, holders, succession and forms of address, neutrally.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Duke of Braganza, Duke Consort, Duchess of Brabant, count-duke, Prince of Gothia, Count-Duke of Olivares, Duchess of Abrantes, Duke of Wrocław, Duke of Moscow, Duke of Prussia, Duke of Rothesay, Duke of Aarschot.", "183 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a duke, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Duke of Braganza", "Duke Consort", "Duchess of Brabant", "count-duke", "Prince of Gothia", "Count-Duke of Olivares", "Duchess of Abrantes", "Duke of Wrocław", "Duke of Moscow", "Duke of Prussia", "Duke of Rothesay", "Duke of Aarschot" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 183 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one duke from another, and a duke from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a duke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a duke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a duke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a duke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a duke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a duke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a duke sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a duke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a duke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a duke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a duke from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a duke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a duke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a duke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a duke passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a duke between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a duke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a duke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a duke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a duke, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a duke is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a duke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a duke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a duke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What duke is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of duke are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is duke operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of duke and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of duke?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as duke?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a duke came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a duke and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a duke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a duke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a duke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a duke is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a duke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a duke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a duke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }