{ "model": { "rank": 3895, "code": "thing-q168338", "model_id": "vr.tr.behaviorism", "name": "behaviorism", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognize behaviorist commitments in a theory or practice, evaluate their explanatory and evidential limits, and determine which uses those commitments support.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q168338/", "tier": 2, "score": 80, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "purposive behaviorism", "logical behaviorism", "radical behaviorism" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 80, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q168338", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168338", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:01:02Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0878a-6037-7ad0-93dd-3116427ad577\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: behaviorism\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 74.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0878a-6044-75f1-b895-c294a1387090\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: behaviorism\nRegistry id: vr.tr.behaviorism\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q168338", "registryId": "vr.tr.behaviorism", "name": "behaviorism", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q168338/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.behaviorism", "name": "behaviorism", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognize behaviorist commitments in a theory or practice, evaluate their explanatory and evidential limits, and determine which uses those commitments support.", "definition": "Behaviorism is a family of approaches in psychology and philosophy that prioritizes explaining behavior through its relations to environmental conditions and learning history, while differing over the scientific status and explanatory role of mental states and private events.", "scope_statement": "This model owns behaviorism as a family of psychological and philosophical positions for vr.tr.behaviorism in ACT / ACT.ACT, recording attributed commitments and disagreements rather than treating behaviorism as one settled doctrine.", "in_scope": [ "Definitions of behaviorism attributed to particular authors, texts, periods, and schools", "Commitments concerning behavior, environmental relations, mental explanation, and private events", "Behaviorist accounts of learning and the operational definitions needed to assess them", "Evidence practices used to support or challenge behaviorist explanations", "Boundaries between behaviorist commitments and their application in research or intervention" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Individual behavioral episodes and complete organism behavior records", "Complete models of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or learning in general", "Clinical treatment protocols and judgments of treatment suitability", "Behavior analysis as a profession, service system, or institutional discipline", "Complete models of cognitivism, neuroscience, pragmatism, or philosophy of mind", "Reinforcement learning algorithms whose terminology alone does not establish behaviorist commitments" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require an explicit methodological, explanatory, or philosophical commitment concerning behavior; merely measuring behavior does not establish behaviorism.", "Distinguish a restriction on admissible scientific evidence from a claim about what mental states mean or whether they exist.", "Record the treatment of private events instead of assuming that every behaviorist position denies thoughts or feelings.", "Require an attributed account of how behavior relates to environmental conditions or behavioral dispositions; an everyday appeal to rewards is insufficient.", "Separate commitment to a behaviorist position from use of a behavioral technique within a different theoretical framework." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Attributed school", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Methodological; radical; analytical or logical; other named position; mixed; disputed; unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Prevents claims about one behaviorism from being assigned to every other version." }, { "name": "Commitment type", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Methodological; explanatory; semantic; ontological; multiple, with supporting passages", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes rules for investigation from claims about minds, meanings, or causes." }, { "name": "Position attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Position linked to author, work, date, passage, and attributing interpreter", "why_it_matters": "Makes competing definitions traceable and allows an author's position to change over time." }, { "name": "Private-event treatment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Excluded from admissible data; admitted as behavioral subject matter; analyzed dispositionally; other stated treatment; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Separates restrictions on public verification from denial of private experience." }, { "name": "Explanatory commitments", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Environmental contingencies; learning history; dispositions; intervening variables; physiological relations; other, with role specified", "why_it_matters": "Exposes which explanatory resources a position permits and which it rejects." }, { "name": "Behavioral operationalisation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Claim linked to response definition, observation method, context, and selected measure", "why_it_matters": "Allows assessment of whether the evidence measures the behavior invoked by an explanation." }, { "name": "Evidence status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Conceptual thesis; empirically untested claim; supported under stated conditions; contested; contradicted under stated conditions", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an empirical result from being treated as validation of an entire philosophical position." }, { "name": "Transfer boundary", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Claim linked to studied species, population, task, setting, timescale, and proposed extension", "why_it_matters": "Makes unsupported movement from a laboratory result to a broader account visible." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a text's behaviorist commitments with attribution and explicit uncertainty.", "Compare schools by their treatment of evidence, private events, and mental explanation.", "Translate a behaviorist empirical claim into observable variables and a discriminating research question.", "Audit whether an alleged reinforcer or contingency is established by evidence.", "Identify where a behavioral technique is being mistaken for endorsement of behaviorism.", "Determine what additional evidence and authorization are needed before applying a behaviorist account to an intervention." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "schools-and-attribution", "name": "Schools and attribution", "description": "Locate each behaviorist position without imposing a single taxonomy on all authors.", "rationale": "Disagreement about what behaviorism asserts is part of the thing being modeled.", "layers": [ { "id": "definitions-and-commitments", "name": "Definitions and commitments", "description": "Separate different kinds of thesis carried by the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "behaviorism-is-a-family", "name": "Behaviorism is a family", "description": "A reference taxonomy distinguishes methodological, psychological, and analytical behaviorism; record the taxonomy's author because classifications differ. [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Whose definition is being used, and does it concern scientific method, psychological explanation, mental language, or several of these?", "kind": "definition", "id": "behaviorism-is-a-family-q01" }, { "text": "Which commitments establish membership in this version of behaviorism, and which are merely associated practices?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "behaviorism-is-a-family-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "authors-texts-and-revisions", "name": "Authors, texts, and revisions", "description": "Anchor labels and commitments to identifiable formulations.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-position-record", "name": "Attributed position record", "description": "Require a passage-level distinction between an author's stated commitments and labels assigned by later interpreters or critics.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which work and passage support attributing this commitment to Watson, Skinner, another named author, or a defined school?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-position-record-q01" }, { "text": "Did the author revise this position, and is the current attribution limited to the appropriate period?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-position-record-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "behavior-mind-and-explanation", "name": "Behavior, mind, and explanation", "description": "Make explicit what counts as behavior and what an explanation may invoke.", "rationale": "The handling of mental terms and private experience distinguishes positions often collapsed under the same label.", "layers": [ { "id": "public-and-private-events", "name": "Public and private events", "description": "Record the status of actions, reports, thoughts, and feelings.", "findings": [ { "id": "private-events-are-not-uniformly-excluded", "name": "Private events are not uniformly excluded", "description": "Skinner's radical behaviorism accommodates private events, so rejecting introspection as a scientific foundation must not automatically be recorded as denying experience. [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/)", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this position count thinking and feeling as behavior, exclude them from evidence, or assign them another status?", "kind": "definition", "id": "private-events-are-not-uniformly-excluded-q01" }, { "text": "How does it distinguish a private event from a public verbal report about that event?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "private-events-are-not-uniformly-excluded-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mental-language-and-causal-resources", "name": "Mental language and causal resources", "description": "Separate analyses of mental concepts from restrictions on causal explanation.", "findings": [ { "id": "mental-term-treatment", "name": "Mental-term treatment", "description": "Analytical behaviorism concerns the interpretation of mental concepts through behavioral concepts; this differs from prescribing behavioral evidence for psychology. [Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/)", "questions": [ { "text": "For a term such as belief or intention, does the position propose a dispositional analysis, an explanatory replacement, or a restriction on scientific use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mental-term-treatment-q01" }, { "text": "Would two agents with matching observed behavior but different histories or internal processes count as equivalent under this position?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "mental-term-treatment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learning-and-environmental-relations", "name": "Learning and environmental relations", "description": "Specify the learning relations invoked by a particular behaviorist explanation.", "rationale": "An agent needs more than a generic stimulus-response label to judge an explanation's content.", "layers": [ { "id": "respondent-and-operant-accounts", "name": "Respondent and operant accounts", "description": "Identify the proposed relation among antecedents, responses, and consequences.", "findings": [ { "id": "specified-learning-relation", "name": "Specified learning relation", "description": "Require an account to identify whether it invokes stimulus pairing, response-consequence relations, their interaction, or another mechanism.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which stimulus, response class, and temporal or conditional relations define the proposed learning process?", "kind": "definition", "id": "specified-learning-relation-q01" }, { "text": "What observation or manipulation would distinguish this explanation from the competing learning account?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "specified-learning-relation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence-function-and-history", "name": "Consequence function and history", "description": "Assess consequences through demonstrated effects and relevant prior conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "functional-consequence-evidence", "name": "Functional consequence evidence", "description": "Require evidence for a proposed consequence's behavioral function rather than inferring that function from its everyday label or intended effect.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured change in subsequent responding supports calling this consequence reinforcing or punishing under these conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "functional-consequence-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which learning history, motivating conditions, schedule, and available alternatives could change the consequence's function?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "functional-consequence-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation-and-evidence", "name": "Operationalisation and evidence", "description": "Connect behaviorist empirical claims to observable records and tests of competing explanations.", "rationale": "A commitment to behavioral explanation does not itself establish reliable measurement or causal control.", "layers": [ { "id": "response-definition-and-observation", "name": "Response definition and observation", "description": "Specify which behavior is counted and how observation can be checked.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproducible-response-class", "name": "Reproducible response class", "description": "Require inclusion and exclusion criteria for the response class and a measure appropriate to the claim.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the response class defined by form, function, or both, and which borderline events are excluded?", "kind": "definition", "id": "reproducible-response-class-q01" }, { "text": "Which measure - rate, duration, latency, proportion, or another specified quantity - and observation checks make the result interpretable?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproducible-response-class-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-relations-and-inference", "name": "Functional relations and inference", "description": "Distinguish descriptive regularities from experimentally supported relations.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-specific-causal-support", "name": "Claim-specific causal support", "description": "Record the design, replication, alternative explanations, and limits supporting a claimed relation between environmental conditions and behavior.", "questions": [ { "text": "What manipulation and comparison distinguish the proposed contingency effect from maturation, reactivity, or coincident changes?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "claim-specific-causal-support-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence support this local behavioral relation, a broader learning principle, or the philosophical commitment being asserted?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "claim-specific-causal-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "limits-and-permitted-use", "name": "Limits and permitted use", "description": "Track disputed explanatory reach and the conditions for applying an account.", "rationale": "Evidence for a behavioral relation must be assessed separately from broad theoretical claims and permission to influence behavior.", "layers": [ { "id": "explanatory-reach-and-challenges", "name": "Explanatory reach and challenges", "description": "Attach objections to the exact commitment they challenge.", "findings": [ { "id": "targeted-objection-and-response", "name": "Targeted objection and response", "description": "Require critics' examples and behaviorist replies to identify the disputed explanatory claim and the evidence that could resolve it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which specific commitment is challenged by language productivity, novel behavior, biological constraints, or apparent learning without immediate performance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "targeted-objection-and-response-q01" }, { "text": "What result would distinguish the behaviorist response from a competing cognitive or biological account?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "targeted-objection-and-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-and-authorization", "name": "Application and authorization", "description": "Separate explanatory applicability from authority to arrange consequences for another person.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-application-decision", "name": "Bounded application decision", "description": "Require an application to identify its supported behavioral relation, affected person's goal, authorization, outcome measures, and stopping conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports transferring this relation to the proposed population and setting, and which assumptions remain untested?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-application-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Whose goal would the contingency serve, what consent or assent is required, and which adverse effects or withdrawal signals require stopping?", "kind": "action", "id": "bounded-application-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The intended sense is the psychological and philosophical tradition; no narrower registry sense was supplied.", "The taxonomy is not universally fixed: methodological, radical, analytical, and neobehaviorist approaches differ internally and are not mutually exclusive categories.", "The measurements describe behavioral research practices, not quantities intrinsic to behaviorism; application does not establish that a practitioner endorses a particular behaviorist philosophy." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of behaviorism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Methodological behaviorism", "Radical behaviorism", "Logical or analytical behaviorism", "Neobehaviorism" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of behaviorism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Experimental research on learning through classical and operant conditioning.", "Behavioral teaching methods using reinforcement, shaping, and feedback.", "Applied behavior analysis addressing socially significant behavior.", "Behavioral components of psychological therapies.", "Organizational behavior management using observable performance and environmental contingencies." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of behaviorism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Response rate in behavioral studies", "typical_range": "Task-dependent; no universal typical range", "unit": "responses per unit time" }, { "quantity": "Response latency after a specified event", "typical_range": "Task-dependent; no universal typical range", "unit": "seconds" }, { "quantity": "Duration of an operationally defined behavior", "typical_range": "Task-dependent and bounded by the observation period", "unit": "seconds or minutes" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of behaviorism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating all behaviorist schools as denying thoughts or feelings; radical behaviorism includes private events within its account.", "Using an overly narrow behavioral definition that misses context, meaning, or important outcomes.", "Overgeneralizing findings across species, tasks, people, or settings.", "Producing behavior changes that do not persist or generalize beyond the training conditions.", "Using coercive or aversive interventions, or targeting compliance without adequate attention to consent, autonomy, and well-being." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of behaviorism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Behavior analysis", "difference": "Behavior analysis is a scientific and applied discipline studying behavior; behaviorism supplies philosophical positions about its subject matter and explanation." }, { "name": "Cognitive psychology", "difference": "Cognitive psychology explicitly uses internal representations and information-processing mechanisms as explanations; behaviorist schools restrict or reinterpret their explanatory role." }, { "name": "Classical conditioning", "difference": "Classical conditioning is a learning process and experimental paradigm, rather than a general philosophical or methodological position." }, { "name": "Operant conditioning", "difference": "Operant conditioning concerns how consequences affect behavior, rather than encompassing the full commitments of behaviorism." }, { "name": "Cognitive behavioral therapy", "difference": "Cognitive behavioral therapy is a family of treatments combining behavioral methods with explicit work on cognition; it is not synonymous with behaviorism." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of behaviorism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which primary texts and passages should anchor the registry's account of methodological, radical, analytical, and other behaviorisms without implying an agreed taxonomy?", "How should the model distinguish the broad category called psychological behaviorism from the specifically named program associated with Arthur Staats?", "Which boundaries with purposive behaviorism, neobehaviorism, functional contextualism, and contemporary behavior analysis require explicit cross-links rather than inclusion as interchangeable schools?", "Which objections concerning language, cognition, and biological constraints challenge particular historical formulations, and which remain unresolved for later versions?", "What minimum evidence should justify attributing behaviorism to a practice that uses behavioral measures or reinforcement but makes no explicit philosophical commitment?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a behaviorism, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognize behaviorist commitments in a theory or practice, evaluate their explanatory and evidential limits, and determine which uses those commitments support.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: purposive behaviorism, logical behaviorism, radical behaviorism.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a behaviorism, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "purposive behaviorism", "logical behaviorism", "radical behaviorism" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one behaviorism from another, and a behaviorism from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a behaviorism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a behaviorism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a behaviorism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a behaviorism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a behaviorism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a behaviorism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a behaviorism sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a behaviorism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a behaviorism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a behaviorism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a behaviorism from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a behaviorism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a behaviorism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a behaviorism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a behaviorism passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a behaviorism between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a behaviorism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a behaviorism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a behaviorism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a behaviorism, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a behaviorism is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a behaviorism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a behaviorism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a behaviorism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a behaviorism proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a behaviorism, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a behaviorism and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a behaviorism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a behaviorism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a behaviorism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a behaviorism consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a behaviorism takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a behaviorism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a behaviorism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a behaviorism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What behaviorism is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of behaviorism are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is behaviorism operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of behaviorism and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of behaviorism?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as behaviorism?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a behaviorism came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a behaviorism and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a behaviorism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a behaviorism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a behaviorism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a behaviorism is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a behaviorism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a behaviorism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a behaviorism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }