{ "model": { "rank": 2990, "code": "thing-q168403", "model_id": "vr.tr.myopia", "name": "myopia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain myopia and its progression in general terms from ophthalmic sources, describe correction and control methods, relay the rising prevalence with attribution, and route personal eye concerns to eye care professionals.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q168403/", "tier": 2, "score": 93, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "degenerative myopia", "myopia in animals", "syndromic myopia" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 93, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q168403", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168403", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T03:46:20Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q168403", "registryId": "vr.tr.myopia", "name": "myopia", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q168403/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.myopia", "name": "myopia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain myopia and its progression in general terms from ophthalmic sources, describe correction and control methods, relay the rising prevalence with attribution, and route personal eye concerns to eye care professionals.", "definition": "A refractive error, also called nearsightedness, in which light focuses in front of the retina because the eyeball is too long or the cornea too curved, causing blurred distance vision, usually beginning in childhood and progressing through adolescence, with high or degenerative myopia carrying risks of retinal detachment, myopic maculopathy and glaucoma, and rarer syndromic forms; myopia prevalence is rising sharply worldwide, and it is corrected with lenses or surgery and slowed in children by outdoor time and specific treatments.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a refractive error.", "affordances": [ "explain the condition", "relay correction and control", "relay prevalence trends", "route personal concerns" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Minus lens correction", "Childhood progression", "Rising prevalence", "High myopia risks" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; blurred distance vision, corrected by minus lenses.", "visual_identification": [ "Nearsightedness from light focusing before the retina", "Simple, high, degenerative and syndromic myopia; myopia in animals", "Hyperopia is farsightedness; astigmatism is uneven focus; presbyopia is age-related near blur" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "high myopia threshold", "typical_range": "worse than -6", "unit": "dioptres", "note": "commonly defined" }, { "quantity": "projected prevalence by 2050", "typical_range": "about 50", "unit": "percent", "note": "of world population, Holden et al. 2016" }, { "quantity": "prevalence in East Asian young adults", "typical_range": "about 80-90", "unit": "percent", "note": "some cities" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "simple or school myopia", "high myopia", "degenerative or pathological myopia", "syndromic myopia in conditions such as Marfan and Stickler syndromes", "myopia in animals such as dogs and horses", "night myopia and pseudomyopia" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "refractive error", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "hyperopia", "why": "farsightedness" }, { "relation": "is corrected by", "target": "corrective lens", "why": "with concave lenses" }, { "relation": "increases risk of", "target": "retinal detachment", "why": "when high" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-11", "value_or_pattern": "9D00.0", "note": "myopia" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D009216", "note": "myopia" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Clinical guidelines on refractive error and myopia control", "Regulation of spectacles, contact lenses, atropine and refractive surgery", "School vision screening programmes" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Undetected myopia affecting learning", "Complications of high myopia", "Agents giving personal medical advice", "Unproven remedies" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What myopia is.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and cause.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is myopia, and why does light focus in front of the retina?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism or presbyopia?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do simple, high, degenerative and syndromic myopia differ, and does myopia occur in animals?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Correction and control.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "correction", "name": "Correction", "description": "Correction.", "findings": [ { "id": "correction-finding", "name": "Correction", "description": "Correction.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is myopia corrected with spectacles, contact lenses and refractive surgery, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own vision, which needs an eye examination?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "control", "name": "Control", "description": "Myopia control in children.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-finding", "name": "Control", "description": "Control.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do guidelines say about slowing progression with outdoor time, atropine and special lenses, with evidence attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "risks", "name": "Risks", "description": "Risks and trends.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "complications", "name": "Complications", "description": "Complications.", "findings": [ { "id": "complications-finding", "name": "Complications", "description": "Complications.", "questions": [ { "text": "What complications does high myopia carry, and what warning signs need urgent care?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user describing sudden flashes, floaters or vision loss, which need urgent eye care?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "epidemic", "name": "Epidemic", "description": "Rising prevalence.", "findings": [ { "id": "epidemic-finding", "name": "Epidemic", "description": "Epidemic.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why is myopia rising worldwide, and what do researchers say about causes, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and research.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were nearsightedness and its correction understood historically?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of spectacles?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "findings": [ { "id": "research-finding", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "questions": [ { "text": "What research explores genetics, light exposure and new treatments for myopia?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits myopia research?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should high myopia and myopia control be separate primary entries?", "How should clinical guidelines be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming animal and syndromic forms; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a myopia, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain myopia and its progression in general terms from ophthalmic sources, describe correction and control methods, relay the rising prevalence with attribution, and route personal eye concerns to eye care professionals.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: degenerative myopia, myopia in animals, syndromic myopia.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a myopia, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "degenerative myopia", "myopia in animals", "syndromic myopia" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one myopia from another, and a myopia from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a myopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a myopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a myopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a myopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a myopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a myopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a myopia sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a myopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a myopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a myopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a myopia from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a myopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a myopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a myopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a myopia passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a myopia between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a myopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a myopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a myopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a myopia, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a myopia is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a myopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a myopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a myopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What myopia is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of myopia are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is myopia operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of myopia and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of myopia?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as myopia?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a myopia came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a myopia and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a myopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a myopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a myopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a myopia is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a myopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a myopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a myopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }