{ "model": { "rank": 1800, "code": "thing-q169207", "model_id": "vr.tr.discrimination", "name": "discrimination", "purpose": "Let an agent discuss discrimination accurately and neutrally, with legal protections and routes to help, and without reproducing slurs or stereotypes.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q169207/", "tier": 2, "score": 126, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "untouchability", "discrimination of irreligious people in Finland", "Cagot", "Al-Akhdam", "Baekjeong", "Caquins of Brittany", "school clique", "geographic discrimination", "height discrimination", "systemic discrimination", "gender discrimination", "structural discrimination", "Discrimination against people with red hair", "reverse discrimination", "Discrimination based on nationality", "discriminatory remarks", "social stigma", "indirect discrimination", "cyclist discrimination", "educational discrimination", "cultural discrimination", "race discrimination", "SWERF", "discrimination in Malaysia", "discrimination based on hair texture", "racial discrimination", "queerphobia", "neuronormativity", "discrimination against russians", "political discrimination", "tech gender bias", "men quota", "intersectional discrimination", "medical fatphobia", "medical discrimination", "workplace discrimination", "class discrimination", "redlining", "lookism", "institutionalized discrimination" ], "aliasCount": 211, "merged": 213, "knownIn": 126, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.discrimination-cognition", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q169207", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169207", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T07:15:41Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q169207", "registryId": "vr.tr.discrimination", "name": "discrimination", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q169207/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.discrimination", "name": "discrimination", "purpose": "Let an agent discuss discrimination accurately and neutrally, with legal protections and routes to help, and without reproducing slurs or stereotypes.", "definition": "Unfair or prejudicial treatment of people based on characteristics such as race, ethnicity, caste, religion or belief, sex, gender, age, disability or sexual orientation; historical examples include caste-based untouchability and the persecution of groups such as the Cagots.", "what_it_is_for": "A social issue addressed by law, policy and education.", "affordances": [ "recognise discrimination", "report it to equality bodies", "seek legal advice or support", "design fair policies" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Unfair treatment based on characteristics", "Direct, indirect, harassment, victimisation", "Prohibited by law in many areas", "Can be structural" ], "appearance": "Not visible as an object; seen in treatment, outcomes and records.", "visual_identification": [ "Direct and indirect discrimination", "Protected characteristics in law", "Historical group-based discrimination" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "racial and ethnic discrimination", "caste discrimination", "religious discrimination", "sex and gender discrimination", "disability and age discrimination" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "behavior and social issue", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is prohibited by", "target": "anti-discrimination law", "why": "law" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "prejudice and stereotype", "why": "attitudes" }, { "relation": "is addressed by", "target": "equality body", "why": "institution" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 2", "ICERD and CEDAW", "EU equal treatment directives", "National equality laws" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Reproducing slurs", "Dismissing reported experiences", "Algorithmic discrimination" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "kind", "name": "Kind", "description": "Which discrimination.", "rationale": "Kind decides law.", "layers": [ { "id": "ground", "name": "Ground", "description": "Characteristic.", "findings": [ { "id": "ground-finding", "name": "Ground", "description": "Ground.", "questions": [ { "text": "On which ground is the discrimination alleged?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is it a protected characteristic here?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "form", "name": "Form", "description": "Direct, indirect.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-finding", "name": "Form", "description": "Form.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is it direct, indirect, harassment or victimisation?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "In which setting: work, housing, services?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Protection.", "rationale": "Law gives remedies.", "layers": [ { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights", "description": "Legal protection.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-finding", "name": "Rights", "description": "Legal protection.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which law protects against this discrimination here?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What remedies are available?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "deadlines", "name": "Deadlines", "description": "Time limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "deadlines-finding", "name": "Deadlines", "description": "Time limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "What time limits apply to a claim?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Who can advise?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "help", "name": "Help", "description": "Support.", "rationale": "People need support.", "layers": [ { "id": "reporting", "name": "Reporting", "description": "Equality bodies.", "findings": [ { "id": "reporting-finding", "name": "Reporting", "description": "Reporting.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where can discrimination be reported?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Is support free?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "wellbeing", "name": "Wellbeing", "description": "Support services.", "findings": [ { "id": "wellbeing-finding", "name": "Wellbeing", "description": "Wellbeing.", "questions": [ { "text": "What support services help people affected?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Is urgent help needed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "prevention", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Fair systems.", "rationale": "Prevention is better than cure.", "layers": [ { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Organisations.", "findings": [ { "id": "policy-finding", "name": "Policy", "description": "Fair policies.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the organisation have equality policies and training?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Are they monitored?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "algorithms", "name": "Algorithms", "description": "Automated decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "algorithms-finding", "name": "Algorithms", "description": "Algorithmic fairness.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could an automated system discriminate?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Has it been audited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should kinds of discrimination be separate entries?", "How should historical cases be linked?", "How should reporting routes be localised?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a discrimination, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent discuss discrimination accurately and neutrally, with legal protections and routes to help, and without reproducing slurs or stereotypes.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: untouchability, discrimination of irreligious people in Finland, Cagot, Al-Akhdam, Baekjeong, Caquins of Brittany, school clique, geographic discrimination, height discrimination, systemic discrimination, gender discrimination, structural discrimination.", "213 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 126 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a discrimination, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "untouchability", "discrimination of irreligious people in Finland", "Cagot", "Al-Akhdam", "Baekjeong", "Caquins of Brittany", "school clique", "geographic discrimination", "height discrimination", "systemic discrimination", "gender discrimination", "structural discrimination" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 126 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 213 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one discrimination from another, and a discrimination from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a discrimination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a discrimination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a discrimination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a discrimination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a discrimination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a discrimination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a discrimination sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a discrimination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a discrimination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a discrimination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a discrimination from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a discrimination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a discrimination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a discrimination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a discrimination passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a discrimination between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a discrimination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a discrimination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a discrimination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a discrimination, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a discrimination is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a discrimination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a discrimination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a discrimination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a discrimination says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a discrimination contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a discrimination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a discrimination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a discrimination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a discrimination and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a discrimination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a discrimination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a discrimination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What discrimination studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does discrimination take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does discrimination establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where discrimination is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark discrimination as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place discrimination, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a discrimination came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a discrimination and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a discrimination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a discrimination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a discrimination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a discrimination is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a discrimination, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a discrimination, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a discrimination is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }