{ "model": { "rank": 5894, "code": "thing-q170545", "model_id": "vr.tr.phenylalanine", "name": "phenylalanine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify phenylalanine, assess its form and measured condition, and select handling or use actions supported by evidence for the specific material and context.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q170545/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.phenylalanine", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q170545", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170545", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:59:07Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01195032, "turns": 1, "seconds": 177.5, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 93.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b49-7571-7961-9288-c9f80a53301f\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: phenylalanine\nRegistry id: vr.tr.phenylalanine\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q170545", "registryId": "vr.tr.phenylalanine", "name": "phenylalanine", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q170545/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.phenylalanine", "name": "phenylalanine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify phenylalanine, assess its form and measured condition, and select handling or use actions supported by evidence for the specific material and context.", "definition": "Phenylalanine is the aromatic α-amino acid 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid; animals use almost exclusively the L (2S) enantiomer as a proteinogenic essential amino acid (codons UUU and UUC) and as the substrate of phenylalanine hydroxylase in tyrosine biosynthesis.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, stereochemistry, material form, quantification, condition and use constraints of phenylalanine under vr.tr.phenylalanine; occurrences in mixtures or biological systems are linked to their containing models, and unspecified stereochemistry remains unspecified.", "in_scope": [ "Phenylalanine identity and discrimination from related aromatic compounds.", "L, D, mixed and unspecified stereochemical composition within the registered entry.", "Free phenylalanine, ionic forms and the distinction between free analyte and covalently bound residue.", "Phenylalanine amount, concentration, chemical purity and enantiomeric composition with measurement evidence.", "Material condition, preparation compatibility and constraints on an intended use." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Whole proteins, peptide sequences and their folding or function.", "Complete food, supplement and pharmaceutical formulations.", "Patient diagnosis, treatment targets and dietary prescriptions.", "Phenylalanine hydroxylase, genes and complete metabolic pathways.", "Independent identities and properties of tyrosine, phenylpyruvate and chemically modified phenylalanine derivatives." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require evidence for the 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid connectivity; the formula C9H11NO2 alone cannot establish identity. Reference identity: [PubChem L-phenylalanine](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/phenylalanine).", "Check aromatic substitution: phenylalanine has an unsubstituted phenyl side chain, whereas tyrosine has an additional ring hydroxyl group.", "Require stereochemistry-sensitive evidence to distinguish L from D or a mixture; formula and an achiral identity assay cannot resolve this distinction. Reference counterpart: [PubChem D-phenylalanine](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/D-Phenylalanine).", "Check the alpha-amino group and carbon skeleton to distinguish phenylalanine from phenylpyruvate and phenethylamine.", "Establish whether the reported material is free phenylalanine, a peptide-bound residue or phenylalanine released during hydrolysis before treating measurements as equivalent." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Molecular identity evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "confirmed phenylalanine connectivity | tentative identification | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a name, formula or nonspecific analytical signal from being accepted as sufficient identification." }, { "name": "Stereochemical composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "L and D mole fractions or enantiomeric excess with the major enantiomer named; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes materials that may share chemical identity tests but differ in suitability for a stereospecific use." }, { "name": "Chemical and association form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "free amino acid | specified ionic or salt form | peptide-bound residue | modified derivative relation | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines what the identity claim and reported amount refer to without merging derivatives into phenylalanine." }, { "name": "Containing material", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked neat-material lot, solution, food, formulation or biological specimen", "why_it_matters": "Locates the occurrence and makes matrix-dependent interpretation possible." }, { "name": "Phenylalanine amount or concentration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mol, mg, mmol/L, µmol/L or mg/g; specify free versus total and wet versus dry basis where relevant", "why_it_matters": "Supports preparation and comparison without confusing incompatible reporting bases." }, { "name": "Chemical purity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mass fraction or assay-specific percentage with method and water correction stated", "why_it_matters": "Separates actual phenylalanine content from chromatographic area percentage and enantiomeric purity." }, { "name": "Physical presentation", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "solid | dissolved | partly dissolved | suspension; solid form if established", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether sampling and transfer can deliver a representative amount." }, { "name": "Solution conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pH, temperature in °C, and linked solvent composition", "why_it_matters": "Provides conditions needed to interpret dissolution, ionic state and preparation compatibility." }, { "name": "Condition assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "within cited specification | outside cited specification | untested | evidence expired", "why_it_matters": "Makes usability an evidence-based assessment rather than an inference from appearance." }, { "name": "Intended-use qualification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked use, applicable specification, supporting evidence and unresolved restrictions", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a research reagent or analytical measurement from being treated as authorization for consumption or clinical action." } ], "affordances": [ "Verify phenylalanine identity and resolve or explicitly preserve uncertainty about its stereochemistry.", "Select a measurement approach that distinguishes free, hydrolysis-released and total reported phenylalanine.", "Calculate a transfer or dilution using verified content, chemical form and reporting basis.", "Assess dissolution and sampling suitability under recorded solvent, pH and temperature conditions.", "Accept, hold or reject a material for a specified use against a cited specification.", "Route biological or dietary interpretations to the appropriate specimen, food or clinical model with the phenylalanine evidence attached." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "iupac-iub-1983", "title": "Nomenclature and Symbolism for Amino Acids and Peptides (Recommendations 1983) - IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, Pure and Applied Chemistry / European Journal of Biochemistry", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Systematic name, three- and one-letter codes (Phe, F), and the distinction of L/D enantiomers." }, { "id": "pubchem-6140", "title": "PubChem Compound Summary for CID 6140, L-Phenylalanine - National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6140", "what_it_supports": "Formula C9H11NO2, molar mass, CAS 63-91-2, InChIKey, and the identity of the L-enantiomer.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "who-trs-935", "title": "Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition - WHO Technical Report Series 935, World Health Organization / FAO / United Nations University (2007)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Adult aromatic-amino-acid (phenylalanine plus tyrosine) requirement used under measurements." }, { "id": "eu-1169-2011", "title": "Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers - European Parliament and Council, Official Journal of the European Union", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1169/oj", "what_it_supports": "Mandatory 'contains a source of phenylalanine' labelling for aspartame-containing foods.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "fda-21cfr-172804", "title": "21 CFR 172.804 Aspartame - U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-172.804", "what_it_supports": "U.S. phenylketonuric warning on aspartame and the regulatory link between the sweetener and phenylalanine load.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "van-wegberg-2017", "title": "The complete European guidelines on phenylketonuria: diagnosis and treatment - van Wegberg et al., Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases (2017)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Clinical blood-phenylalanine target ranges and the medical hazard of untreated hyperphenylalaninemia." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "molecular-and-stereochemical-identity", "name": "Molecular and stereochemical identity", "description": "Establish what is being identified as phenylalanine and how precisely its stereochemistry is known.", "rationale": "A generic phenylalanine name does not resolve connectivity evidence, L versus D composition or confusion with related aromatic compounds.", "layers": [ { "id": "connectivity-and-neighbours", "name": "Connectivity and neighbours", "description": "Test the molecular identity against plausible alternatives.", "findings": [ { "id": "phenylalanine-connectivity", "name": "Phenylalanine connectivity", "description": "Record evidence for the amino-acid backbone and benzyl side chain, including the alternatives the evidence excludes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes phenylalanine connectivity rather than only a matching formula or nominal mass?", "kind": "definition", "id": "phenylalanine-connectivity-q01" }, { "text": "Does the identification distinguish tyrosine, phenylpyruvate and other plausible components of this sample?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "phenylalanine-connectivity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "enantiomer-resolution", "name": "Enantiomer resolution", "description": "Separate stereochemical claims from evidence that establishes only chemical identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "l-d-composition", "name": "L and D composition", "description": "Represent L, D and mixed composition without defaulting an unspecified registry name to L-phenylalanine.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the material claimed to be L, D, racemic, another measured mixture or stereochemically unspecified?", "kind": "definition", "id": "l-d-composition-q01" }, { "text": "Which stereochemistry-sensitive method establishes the composition, and with what detection limit for the minor enantiomer?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "l-d-composition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chemical-form-and-occurrence", "name": "Chemical form and occurrence", "description": "Identify the form in which phenylalanine occurs and the material containing it.", "rationale": "Free amino acid, salt-associated material and peptide-bound phenylalanine cannot be substituted indiscriminately in identification or amount calculations.", "layers": [ { "id": "free-ionic-and-bound-forms", "name": "Free, ionic and bound forms", "description": "State whether phenylalanine is a free molecular constituent or represented through a chemical relationship.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-and-identity-boundary", "name": "Form and identity boundary", "description": "Record ionic or salt form and distinguish peptide residues and modified derivatives from free phenylalanine.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the occurrence free phenylalanine, a specified salt or ionic form, or a residue covalently incorporated in another molecule?", "kind": "definition", "id": "form-and-identity-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Does a protecting group or other covalent modification require linking to a separate compound identity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "form-and-identity-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "matrix-and-release-history", "name": "Matrix and release history", "description": "Connect the occurrence to its source material and any process that released phenylalanine.", "findings": [ { "id": "occurrence-origin", "name": "Occurrence origin", "description": "Preserve the distinction between phenylalanine originally present as free analyte and phenylalanine obtained through sample processing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which lot, formulation, food or biological specimen contains this occurrence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "occurrence-origin-q01" }, { "text": "Was phenylalanine measured directly or after extraction, digestion or hydrolysis, and which procedure was used?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "occurrence-origin-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "quantification-and-analytical-confidence", "name": "Quantification and analytical confidence", "description": "Make phenylalanine quantities interpretable and assess whether analytical evidence supports a decision.", "rationale": "Free versus total content, matrix effects and stereochemical selectivity can produce materially different answers under the same analyte name.", "layers": [ { "id": "measurand-and-reporting-basis", "name": "Measurand and reporting basis", "description": "Define precisely what a phenylalanine value counts.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-phenylalanine-quantity", "name": "Interpretable phenylalanine quantity", "description": "Attach chemical form, free or total basis, units and uncertainty to every quantity used for comparison or preparation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the value represent free phenylalanine, hydrolysis-released content or an operationally defined total?", "kind": "definition", "id": "interpretable-phenylalanine-quantity-q01" }, { "text": "What are the value, units, uncertainty and mass or volume basis, including any water or salt correction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-phenylalanine-quantity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "selectivity-and-reference-evidence", "name": "Selectivity and reference evidence", "description": "Assess whether the assay measures the intended phenylalanine population reliably.", "findings": [ { "id": "assay-fitness", "name": "Assay fitness", "description": "Record calibration, matrix validation and unresolved interference separately from the reported numerical result.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference material and calibration establish the result, and do they match the claimed stereochemical scope?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "assay-fitness-q01" }, { "text": "What recovery, interference, quantification-limit and sample-preparation evidence supports this method in this matrix?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "assay-fitness-q02" }, { "text": "Is the evidence sufficient for the intended comparison, or is confirmatory analysis required?", "kind": "action", "id": "assay-fitness-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-condition-and-preparation", "name": "Physical condition and preparation", "description": "Assess whether the phenylalanine material can be sampled, dissolved and transferred as intended.", "rationale": "An identity-correct phenylalanine material may still give incorrect delivered amounts through incomplete dissolution, water content or an unsuitable preparation history.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-and-dissolution", "name": "Phase and dissolution", "description": "Relate the observed physical state to a proposed preparation.", "findings": [ { "id": "preparation-homogeneity", "name": "Preparation homogeneity", "description": "Require evidence that phenylalanine is distributed as assumed before sampling or concentration calculations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is phenylalanine present as a solid, fully dissolved solute or partly dissolved material under the recorded conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "preparation-homogeneity-q01" }, { "text": "What solvent, pH, temperature and concentration support the proposed dissolution or representative sampling step?", "kind": "action", "id": "preparation-homogeneity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "purity-and-condition-history", "name": "Purity and condition history", "description": "Evaluate chemical content and condition using lot-specific evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-condition-evidence", "name": "Material condition evidence", "description": "Keep chemical purity, enantiomeric purity, water content and condition history distinct when assessing usable phenylalanine content.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which measured impurities, water content and enantiomeric composition determine the usable phenylalanine content?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "material-condition-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which storage or preparation events fall outside the conditions supported by the lot's stability evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-condition-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Does the applicable specification permit use, require retesting or require the material to be held?", "kind": "action", "id": "material-condition-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "biological-context-and-use-decisions", "name": "Biological context and use decisions", "description": "Connect phenylalanine evidence to intended uses while keeping clinical and formulation decisions with their owning models.", "rationale": "Chemical identity alone does not establish biological equivalence, dietary suitability or the meaning of a biological concentration.", "layers": [ { "id": "biological-interpretation-boundary", "name": "Biological interpretation boundary", "description": "Preserve the context needed by a biological or clinical model.", "findings": [ { "id": "metabolic-context-link", "name": "Metabolic context link", "description": "Link relevant metabolic context: phenylalanine hydroxylase participates in conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, and deficiency can elevate phenylalanine; this relation does not establish a diagnosis from a material record. [NCBI Genes and Disease](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK22253/).", "questions": [ { "text": "Which specimen, collection time and linked biological context belong to this phenylalanine measurement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "metabolic-context-link-q01" }, { "text": "Which external clinical model owns interpretation, reference intervals and any proposed response to the result?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "metabolic-context-link-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-specific-qualification", "name": "Use-specific qualification", "description": "Judge a proposed use against its phenylalanine-specific requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-use-evidence", "name": "Permitted use evidence", "description": "Match stereochemistry, content, impurities and material grade to an explicit use rather than assuming all phenylalanine materials are interchangeable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the proposed analytical, synthetic, nutritional or formulation use require a particular enantiomer, chemical form or purity specification?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-use-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which qualification evidence supports that use, and which missing evidence prevents a decision?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-use-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "If consumption is proposed, which linked product or clinical model determines suitability and any phenylalanine-related restrictions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "permitted-use-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "L-phenylalanine (proteinogenic 2S enantiomer; the nutritional and pharmaceutical substance)", "D-phenylalanine (2R enantiomer; occurs in some peptides and is sold as a distinct supplement)", "DL-phenylalanine (racemate, marketed as a dietary supplement)", "Protein-bound phenylalanyl residues in peptides and food proteins", "Free phenylalanine in plasma, tissues, and crystalline amino-acid mixes", "Isotopically labelled L-phenylalanine (¹³C, ¹⁵N, ²H) used as a metabolic tracer" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of phenylalanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q170545", "note": "Item commonly used for phenylalanine / L-phenylalanine as the chemical entity." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "63-91-2", "note": "L-phenylalanine; D-enantiomer 673-06-3; racemate 150-30-1." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "6140", "note": "L-phenylalanine." }, { "scheme": "ChEBI", "value_or_pattern": "CHEBI:17295", "note": "L-phenylalanine; D-enantiomer CHEBI:28044." }, { "scheme": "IUPAC-IUB amino-acid code", "value_or_pattern": "Phe / F", "note": "Residue codes in sequences; free acid still named phenylalanine." }, { "scheme": "InChIKey", "value_or_pattern": "COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N", "note": "Standard InChIKey of L-phenylalanine." }, { "scheme": "EC inventory (EINECS)", "value_or_pattern": "200-568-1", "note": "L-phenylalanine as a listed substance." }, { "scheme": "KEGG COMPOUND", "value_or_pattern": "C00079", "note": "L-phenylalanine in metabolic maps (e.g. phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis)." }, { "scheme": "HMDB", "value_or_pattern": "HMDB0000159", "note": "Human metabolome entry for L-phenylalanine." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of phenylalanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (1983): amino-acid names and Phe/F symbolism.", "European Pharmacopoeia monograph 'Phenylalanine' (EDQM): identity, purity and assay of the pharmaceutical substance.", "United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary, Phenylalanine (USP): pharmaceutical quality standard.", "U.S. FDA, 21 CFR 172.804 (aspartame): mandatory statement 'PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE'.", "Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 (European Parliament and Council): foods with aspartame or aspartame-acesulfame salt must state that they contain a source of phenylalanine.", "WHO/FAO/UNU, Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition, TRS 935 (2007): reference aromatic-amino-acid requirement.", "National newborn-screening programmes (state/national public-health authorities): blood-spot phenylalanine as the PKU case-finding analyte." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of phenylalanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Residue in essentially all dietary proteins; intake tracks ordinary protein consumption.", "The amino acid that must be restricted, and then titrated, in phenylketonuria medical foods and low-protein diets.", "Component of crystalline L-amino-acid solutions for parenteral nutrition.", "Industrial starting material, with L-aspartic acid, for aspartame (methyl L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninate).", "Protected building block in peptide manufacture (typically Fmoc-L-Phe-OH).", "Over-the-counter L- or DL-phenylalanine capsules sold as supplements.", "Stable-isotope tracer of whole-body protein metabolism (e.g. L-[1-¹³C]phenylalanine infusion or breath tests)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of phenylalanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "molar mass (C9H11NO2)", "typical_range": "165.19 (exact molecular mass of the free acid)", "unit": "g·mol⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "adult fasting plasma L-phenylalanine", "typical_range": "about 35-85", "unit": "µmol·L⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "PKU treatment target (European guidelines, through childhood)", "typical_range": "120-360", "unit": "µmol·L⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "adult aromatic-amino-acid requirement (Phe + Tyr), WHO/FAO/UNU 2007", "typical_range": "25", "unit": "mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "aqueous solubility of L-phenylalanine near 25 °C", "typical_range": "about 27", "unit": "g·L⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "acid-base constants (α-COOH / α-NH3+)", "typical_range": "about 2.2 / 9.2", "unit": "pKa" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of phenylalanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency (phenylketonuria): hyperphenylalaninemia with impaired neurotransmitter synthesis and irreversible developmental injury if untreated in infancy.", "Maternal PKU: teratogenic effect of high maternal blood phenylalanine.", "Tetrahydrobiopterin-recycling defects that raise phenylalanine and can be missed if only dietary PKU is assumed.", "Over-restriction of dietary phenylalanine: protein-energy failure, growth faltering, and tyrosine deficiency.", "Undeclared or unrecognised aspartame exposing people with PKU to a phenylalanine load.", "Racemisation or Strecker degradation in harsh food processing, which removes nutritionally available L-phenylalanine." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of phenylalanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Clinic units: Europe reports blood phenylalanine in µmol·L⁻¹; some North American records still use mg·dL⁻¹ (1 mg·dL⁻¹ ≈ 60 µmol·L⁻¹).", "Newborn-screening cut-offs, second-tier tests, and confirmatory algorithms differ by programme.", "Access to sapropterin, pegvaliase, and glycomacropeptide low-phenylalanine foods is highly jurisdiction-dependent.", "Pharmacopoeial and food-label names: Phenylalanin (German), phénylalanine (French), alongside the English name.", "Background dietary phenylalanine load follows local staple proteins (dairy, legumes, meat, rice) more than any difference in the molecule itself." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of phenylalanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "L-tyrosine", "difference": "Extra 4-hydroxy group on the ring (+16 Da); separated by reversed-phase HPLC or by MS, and by the phenolic UV/colorimetric response tyrosine gives and phenylalanine does not." }, { "name": "L-tryptophan", "difference": "Indole side chain rather than phenyl; strong absorbance near 280 nm versus phenylalanine's weak phenyl band near 257 nm, and a 204 versus 165 Da free-acid mass." }, { "name": "D-phenylalanine (when the analyte is specified as L)", "difference": "Same constitution, opposite configuration; chiral HPLC, optical rotation, or an L-amino-acid-oxidase/PAH enzymatic assay." }, { "name": "phenylpyruvate", "difference": "2-oxo acid, not an α-amino acid; no primary amine (ninhydrin-negative as an amino acid), detected as the hydrazone or by GC/LC-MS, and elevated in untreated PKU urine." }, { "name": "L-homophenylalanine", "difference": "One extra methylene in the side chain (+14 Da) and a later reversed-phase retention time." }, { "name": "phenylglycine", "difference": "One fewer methylene (−14 Da); the aryl group is attached directly to the α-carbon." }, { "name": "aspartame", "difference": "A methyl dipeptide ester (E951) that yields phenylalanine only after digestion; identified as a high-intensity sweetener, not as the free amino acid." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of phenylalanine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend phenylalanine to encompass L, D and mixtures, or is an L-specific definition documented elsewhere?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it?", "Which salt forms, solid forms and isotope-labelled variants should be represented within this entry rather than through neighbouring registered things?", "Which validated methods and reporting conventions should govern free, hydrolysis-released and total phenylalanine in each intended matrix?", "Which authoritative, form-specific sources establish dissolution conditions, storage limits and acceptance specifications for the intended uses?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a phenylalanine, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify phenylalanine, assess its form and measured condition, and select handling or use actions supported by evidence for the specific material and context.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a phenylalanine, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one phenylalanine from another, and a phenylalanine from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a phenylalanine sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a phenylalanine from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a phenylalanine is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a phenylalanine is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a phenylalanine is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a phenylalanine is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a phenylalanine is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a phenylalanine is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a phenylalanine passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a phenylalanine between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a phenylalanine, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a phenylalanine is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a phenylalanine and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a phenylalanine is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a phenylalanine performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a phenylalanine.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a phenylalanine at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a phenylalanine there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What phenylalanine is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name phenylalanine unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of phenylalanine exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How phenylalanine behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of phenylalanine, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is phenylalanine incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How phenylalanine can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is phenylalanine classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover phenylalanine, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a phenylalanine came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a phenylalanine and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a phenylalanine is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a phenylalanine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a phenylalanine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a phenylalanine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }