{ "model": { "rank": 1689, "code": "thing-q170579", "model_id": "vr.tr.laughter", "name": "laughter", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise and describe an episode of laughter, assess its ongoing state and interactional significance, and choose an appropriate response without assuming what the person feels.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q170579/", "tier": 2, "score": 132, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "pathological laughing", "sgrigna", "Homeric laughter", "corpsing" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 132, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.laughter", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q170579", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170579", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-06T21:38:19Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "missingProviders": [ "Grok" ], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": null, "turns": null, "seconds": 2.3, "error": "Error: Internal error: {\n \"message\": \"API error (status 402 Payment Required): Grok Build usage balance exhausted\",\n \"http_status\": 402\n}", "retried": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 55.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a078a7-9b38-7b93-b38d-a5200ebf5267\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: laughter\nRegistry id: vr.tr.laughter\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q170579", "registryId": "vr.tr.laughter", "name": "laughter", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q170579/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.laughter", "name": "laughter", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise and describe an episode of laughter, assess its ongoing state and interactional significance, and choose an appropriate response without assuming what the person feels.", "definition": "", "scope_statement": "This model owns laughter as a situated act or episode: its observable expression, participants, unfolding, context, attributed meaning and immediate response possibilities, with observation distinguished from interpretation.", "in_scope": [ "Individual laughter episodes, including audible, quiet and partly suppressed expressions", "The timing, rhythm, intensity and progression of laughter", "Laughter interwoven with speech or other expressive acts", "Participation, apparent triggers and possible targets within an interaction", "Attributed meanings, participant responses and uncertainty about interpretation" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Humour, jokes and other material that may occasion laughter", "Happiness, amusement and other emotional states considered independently", "Smiling, crying, coughing and breathing as separate acts", "Medical conditions or diagnoses associated with laughter", "Enduring personality traits, relationships and group cultures" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A smile alone does not establish laughter; record additional vocal, respiratory or bodily evidence, or a participant's report, before classifying the event.", "Repeated sounds or body movements alone do not distinguish laughter from coughing, sobbing or panting; retain an ambiguous classification when available evidence cannot separate them.", "Words such as 'ha ha', laughter emojis and written stage directions represent laughter but do not establish that a person performed it.", "Amusing content does not establish a laughter episode, and an observed laughter episode does not establish amusement.", "Laughter can overlap speech; identify the evidence for laughing separately from the words spoken rather than forcing the whole turn into one category." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Recognition status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "candidate laughter | supported laughter | ambiguous expression | reclassified", "why_it_matters": "Keeps uncertain recognition from becoming a settled interpretation of the person." }, { "name": "Evidence channels", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "audio | video | direct observation | participant report; multiple permitted", "why_it_matters": "Determines which claims about the episode the available evidence can support." }, { "name": "Episode duration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "seconds, with onset and offset uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish a brief laugh from a sustained episode and coordinate a response." }, { "name": "Burst pattern", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "burst count and inter-burst intervals in seconds, under an explicit segmentation rule", "why_it_matters": "Captures how laughter unfolds without treating every pause as a new episode." }, { "name": "Audible intensity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "calibrated dB SPL when available; otherwise recording-relative level with method stated", "why_it_matters": "Describes expression strength while avoiding comparisons distorted by microphone distance or recording gain." }, { "name": "Episode phase", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "starting | ongoing | interrupted | subsiding | ended | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions about waiting, speaking or checking in." }, { "name": "Speech overlap", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "none observed | same-person overlap | other-person overlap | both | unknown, linked to speech intervals", "why_it_matters": "Shows whether laughter accompanies words, interrupts them or occurs during another person's turn." }, { "name": "Participation timing", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "participant-linked onset, joining, overlap and cessation times", "why_it_matters": "Describes shared laughter without assuming that everyone shares its meaning." }, { "name": "Attributed function", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "free-text interpretation with attributing person and supporting evidence; unresolved permitted", "why_it_matters": "Separates claims such as amusement, politeness or ridicule from directly observed expression." } ], "affordances": [ "Annotate a possible laughter episode with evidence, boundaries and recognition uncertainty.", "Separate laughter from overlapping speech while preserving their timing relationship.", "Compare participants' entry and exit times to describe shared or sequential laughter.", "Request clarification of laughter's meaning when that meaning affects the next action.", "Time a conversational response around an ongoing episode and observed turn-taking cues.", "Reassess an interpretation when a participant corrects it or shows discomfort." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "laughter-recognition", "name": "Laughter recognition", "description": "Establishes whether the available evidence supports recognising an expression as laughter.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish laughter from neighbouring expressions and representations before assigning meaning or acting on it.", "layers": [ { "id": "expressive-evidence", "name": "Expressive evidence", "description": "Records the audible, visible or reported basis for recognising laughter.", "findings": [ { "id": "laughter-evidence", "name": "Evidence for a laughter act", "description": "Identify what was heard, seen or reported, including quiet or suppressed expression, without requiring every evidence channel to be available.", "questions": [ { "text": "What vocal, respiratory or bodily expression, or participant report, supports identifying this event as laughter?", "kind": "definition", "id": "laughter-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Was the evidence directly observed, captured in a recording or reported by someone, and which parts were unavailable?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "laughter-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "expression-boundaries", "name": "Expression boundaries", "description": "Separates laughter from similar acts and from signs that merely represent it.", "findings": [ { "id": "alternative-classifications", "name": "Competing classifications", "description": "Keep plausible alternatives explicit when a smile, cough, sob, pant or spoken imitation could account for the evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence distinguishes this expression from smiling, coughing, sobbing, panting or simply speaking the syllables 'ha ha'?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "alternative-classifications-q01" }, { "text": "Does the record establish an enacted laugh, a representation of laughter or an unresolved possibility?", "kind": "definition", "id": "alternative-classifications-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "episode-form-and-course", "name": "Episode form and course", "description": "Describes the temporal and expressive shape of a laughter episode.", "rationale": "The agent needs to know how laughter unfolds and whether it has ended to describe it consistently and respond at an appropriate moment.", "layers": [ { "id": "temporal-segmentation", "name": "Temporal segmentation", "description": "Identifies episode boundaries, bursts and pauses.", "findings": [ { "id": "episode-continuity", "name": "Episode continuity", "description": "Record onset, offset and internal pauses using an explicit rule for grouping bursts into one episode.", "questions": [ { "text": "When did the laughter begin and end, and how uncertain are those boundaries?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "episode-continuity-q01" }, { "text": "What rule makes successive bursts one episode rather than separate laughs, especially when speech intervenes?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "episode-continuity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "expression-and-overlap", "name": "Expression and overlap", "description": "Tracks changes in laughter's expression and its coexistence with speech.", "findings": [ { "id": "laughing-through-a-turn", "name": "Expression across a conversational turn", "description": "Describe changes in audible intensity, visible movement and speech overlap without treating them as direct measures of emotion.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the observable intensity and burst pattern change across the episode, and what measurement method supports that description?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "laughing-through-a-turn-q01" }, { "text": "Which words or speech intervals overlap the laughter, and whose speech is affected?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "laughing-through-a-turn-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "participation-and-occasion", "name": "Participation and occasion", "description": "Places laughter within the sequence of events and participants around it.", "rationale": "Who laughs, when they join and what precedes the episode matter for interpretation, but temporal proximity alone cannot establish a cause or target.", "layers": [ { "id": "participant-coordination", "name": "Participant coordination", "description": "Describes individual and shared participation in laughter.", "findings": [ { "id": "joining-and-leaving", "name": "Joining and leaving laughter", "description": "Record who begins, joins, overlaps or stops laughing while retaining uncertainty about unobserved participants.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who is observably laughing, and in what order do their episodes begin, overlap and end?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "joining-and-leaving-q01" }, { "text": "Which participants are observable enough to distinguish nonparticipation from missing evidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "joining-and-leaving-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "occasion-and-directedness", "name": "Occasion and directedness", "description": "Distinguishes preceding events, proposed triggers and possible targets.", "findings": [ { "id": "trigger-and-target-evidence", "name": "Evidence for trigger and target", "description": "Keep what immediately preceded laughter separate from claims about what caused it or whom it concerned.", "questions": [ { "text": "What happened immediately before the laughter, and what evidence beyond timing supports calling it a trigger?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "trigger-and-target-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Is the laughter directed toward a person, an utterance, an event or no identifiable target, and who supports that interpretation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "trigger-and-target-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "meaning-and-response", "name": "Meaning and response", "description": "Handles interpretations of laughter and the immediate actions those interpretations may support.", "rationale": "An agent must respond to laughter without equating it with happiness, agreement, permission or ridicule.", "layers": [ { "id": "attributed-meaning", "name": "Attributed meaning", "description": "Keeps participant accounts and observer interpretations distinct.", "findings": [ { "id": "meaning-with-attribution", "name": "Meaning with attribution", "description": "Record proposed meanings, their evidence and disagreements without forcing a single motive onto the episode.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the person laughing explain the episode, if they explain it at all?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "meaning-with-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "Which interpretations come from other participants or the agent, and what supports or contradicts each?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "meaning-with-attribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "immediate-interaction", "name": "Immediate interaction", "description": "Connects the episode's current state and participant reactions to a proportionate next response.", "findings": [ { "id": "response-selection", "name": "Response selection", "description": "Use observed turn-taking, explicit requests and participant reactions to decide whether to wait, continue, clarify or check in.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do the episode's current phase and conversational cues support waiting, taking a turn or continuing the interrupted activity?", "kind": "action", "id": "response-selection-q01" }, { "text": "What explicit request, correction or observed discomfort calls for clarification, a check-in or stopping the agent's contribution to the exchange?", "kind": "action", "id": "response-selection-q02" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "What recognition criteria adequately cover silent, suppressed and atypical laughter while limiting confusion with other expressions?", "Which episode and burst segmentation rules remain useful across languages, interaction settings and recording conditions?", "How reliably can deliberate performance, spontaneous laughter and attempted suppression be distinguished, and when must they remain participant-reported?", "Which interpretations of laughter require cultural or relationship context that this episode model should reference rather than own?", "Where should the boundary lie between human laughter acts, generated laughter playback and animal vocalisations described as laughter?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a laughter, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise and describe an episode of laughter, assess its ongoing state and interactional significance, and choose an appropriate response without assuming what the person feels.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: pathological laughing, sgrigna, Homeric laughter, corpsing.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 132 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a laughter, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "pathological laughing", "sgrigna", "Homeric laughter", "corpsing" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 132 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one laughter from another, and a laughter from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a laughter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a laughter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a laughter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a laughter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a laughter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a laughter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a laughter sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a laughter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a laughter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a laughter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a laughter from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a laughter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a laughter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a laughter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a laughter passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a laughter between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a laughter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a laughter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a laughter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a laughter, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a laughter is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a laughter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a laughter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a laughter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a laughter proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a laughter, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a laughter and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a laughter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a laughter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a laughter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a laughter consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a laughter takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a laughter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a laughter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a laughter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What laughter is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of laughter are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is laughter operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of laughter and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of laughter?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as laughter?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a laughter came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a laughter and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a laughter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a laughter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a laughter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a laughter is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a laughter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a laughter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a laughter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }