{ "model": { "rank": 5231, "code": "thing-q171038", "model_id": "vr.tr.softball", "name": "softball", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise softball activity, assess its playing state under an identified ruleset, and determine permitted actions and unresolved decisions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q171038/", "tier": 2, "score": 69, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "men's softball", "women's softball", "slow-pitch softball", "fastpitch softball", "16-inch softball", "college softball" ], "aliasCount": 6, "merged": 6, "knownIn": 69, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q171038", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171038", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:56:22Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0882b-130a-7003-9ecf-b6968c15061a\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: softball\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 regist", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0882b-131a-7f62-9cbf-3ee3bb03d941\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: softball\nRegistry id: vr.tr.softball\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContex" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q171038", "registryId": "vr.tr.softball", "name": "softball", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q171038/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.softball", "name": "softball", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise softball activity, assess its playing state under an identified ruleset, and determine permitted actions and unresolved decisions.", "definition": "Softball is a bat-and-ball team sport in the baseball family in which teams alternate batting and fielding, score runs by advancing around four bases, and deliver pitches underarm under rules that vary among fastpitch, slowpitch and modified-pitch forms.", "scope_statement": "This model owns softball as a team sport and its enacted play, including discipline, playing conditions, participant roles, game state and adjudication; it does not model the ball as a standalone object.", "in_scope": [ "Softball disciplines and the rulesets that govern a particular instance", "Batting, pitching, fielding and baserunning actions", "Innings, plate appearances, outs, runs and game completion", "Lineups, substitutions and discipline-specific player roles", "Field configuration, equipment admissibility and conditions affecting play" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Baseball as a separate sport", "Manufacture and material properties of balls, bats and protective equipment", "Club governance, league finances and competition administration beyond their effect on a game", "Athlete medical diagnosis and rehabilitation", "General stadium construction and facility management" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify the activity through its declared softball discipline and governing rules; informal resemblance to baseball is insufficient.", "Check the prescribed pitching delivery and pitching area against the selected softball ruleset rather than assuming baseball pitching mechanics.", "Check ball specification, base layout and pitching distance together; the word softball does not imply a physically soft ball or one universal field size.", "Distinguish fast pitch, slow pitch and other recognised variants through their pitching and runner restrictions rather than treating them as interchangeable.", "Recognise alternating batting and fielding with base advancement and run scoring, distinguishing softball from bat-and-ball activities with different scoring structures." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Softball discipline", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Fast pitch, slow pitch, modified pitch or another explicitly identified variant", "why_it_matters": "Determines which pitching, participation and runner provisions require verification." }, { "name": "Applicable ruleset", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Governing authority, rule document, edition and adopted local modifications", "why_it_matters": "Provides the basis for judging actions without importing provisions from another competition." }, { "name": "Playing division", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Competition-defined age, participation and competitive classifications", "why_it_matters": "May alter field dimensions, equipment requirements and participation rules." }, { "name": "Field geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Base distances, pitching distance and relevant boundary dimensions in metres or feet", "why_it_matters": "Supports verification that the playing area matches the selected division and discipline." }, { "name": "Game phase", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Pre-game, active play, between half-innings, suspended or completed", "why_it_matters": "Constrains which actions and administrative decisions are currently possible." }, { "name": "Inning and offensive state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Inning number, half-inning, batting side, outs, ball-strike count and occupied bases", "why_it_matters": "Makes the next pitch, batting outcome and runner movement interpretable." }, { "name": "Score", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Credited runs by team", "why_it_matters": "Supports outcome assessment while keeping pending or disallowed runs distinct." }, { "name": "Ball status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Live, dead or awaiting authoritative determination", "why_it_matters": "Affects whether further advances, outs or appeals can take effect." }, { "name": "Active lineup", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Participants linked to batting positions, defensive assignments and substitution history", "why_it_matters": "Supports checks on batting order, player eligibility and permitted changes." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a softball instance and identify which rules must be consulted.", "Reconstruct the game state from pitches, plays and umpire decisions.", "Evaluate proposed pitching, batting, baserunning and substitution actions against the applicable rules.", "Check whether the field and equipment satisfy the selected playing conditions.", "Flag disputed calls, incomplete evidence and conditions requiring an official decision.", "Explain which softball-specific information is missing before an action can be judged." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "discipline-and-rule-authority", "name": "Discipline and rule authority", "description": "Establishes which form of softball is being played and which provisions govern it.", "rationale": "Softball variants cannot safely share one assumed set of pitching, runner or participation rules.", "layers": [ { "id": "softball-identity", "name": "Softball identity", "description": "Identifies the sport sense and distinguishes its playing variants.", "findings": [ { "id": "discipline-identification", "name": "Discipline identification", "description": "Record the declared discipline and supporting evidence, separating organised softball from loosely described recreational bat-and-ball play.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which softball discipline does the organiser identify, and what playing provisions support that classification?", "kind": "definition", "id": "discipline-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Does this instance fall within softball, or is it baseball or an informal derivative requiring a separate boundary decision?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "discipline-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "applicable-provisions", "name": "Applicable provisions", "description": "Connects game decisions to an identified authority and edition.", "findings": [ { "id": "rules-and-local-adaptations", "name": "Rules and local adaptations", "description": "Record the governing document, division and authorised modifications, including how conflicts between provisions are resolved.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which rulebook edition and competition supplements govern this game?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "rules-and-local-adaptations-q01" }, { "text": "Which authority resolves a conflict between the published softball rules and a local playing condition?", "kind": "action", "id": "rules-and-local-adaptations-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "pitching-and-batting", "name": "Pitching and batting", "description": "Models the delivery-to-batter interaction and its immediate outcomes.", "rationale": "Pitching requirements and pitch outcomes are central to distinguishing softball disciplines and judging each plate appearance.", "layers": [ { "id": "delivery-legality", "name": "Delivery legality", "description": "Captures the observable delivery features needed by the selected ruleset.", "findings": [ { "id": "pitching-motion-and-constraints", "name": "Pitching motion and constraints", "description": "Record required starting position, foot contact, delivery motion and any trajectory or timing constraints without assuming they are uniform across softball.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which delivery features must be observed to assess this pitch under the selected discipline?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "pitching-motion-and-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "If the delivery violates a provision, what ruling and subsequent choices does this ruleset permit?", "kind": "action", "id": "pitching-motion-and-constraints-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "plate-appearance-resolution", "name": "Plate appearance resolution", "description": "Tracks the batter's count, conduct and transition into an out or runner.", "findings": [ { "id": "pitch-and-contact-outcomes", "name": "Pitch and contact outcomes", "description": "Distinguish called pitches, swings, fouls, contact and awards using the applicable strike-zone, batting and foul-ball provisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What count and batter status result from the observed pitch and the official call?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "pitch-and-contact-outcomes-q01" }, { "text": "How does this ruleset treat bunting, foul balls with two strikes and batter contact with a pitch?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "pitch-and-contact-outcomes-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "runners-fielding-and-play-resolution", "name": "Runners, fielding and play resolution", "description": "Represents how a ball in play produces advances, outs, awards and runs.", "rationale": "A softball play must preserve the sequence of runner and fielder actions to explain its outcome.", "layers": [ { "id": "runner-permissions", "name": "Runner permissions", "description": "Determines when runners may leave, advance, return or receive bases.", "findings": [ { "id": "base-occupancy-and-advancement", "name": "Base occupancy and advancement", "description": "Record each runner's base entitlement, departure timing and advancement, including discipline-specific restrictions.", "questions": [ { "text": "When may each runner leave the base, and are stealing or advances on an uncaught pitch permitted here?", "kind": "action", "id": "base-occupancy-and-advancement-q01" }, { "text": "Which bases were touched, missed, awarded or regained during the play, and in what order?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "base-occupancy-and-advancement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "defensive-and-official-resolution", "name": "Defensive and official resolution", "description": "Combines defensive actions with ball status and authoritative rulings.", "findings": [ { "id": "outs-awards-and-run-validity", "name": "Outs, awards and run validity", "description": "Record catches, force plays, tags and relevant infractions as ordered events, preserving the ruling that determines outs and whether runs count.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sequence of catches, touches, tags and plate crossings supports the recorded outs and runs?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "outs-awards-and-run-validity-q01" }, { "text": "Does interference, obstruction, an appeal or a dead-ball ruling change the apparent play outcome?", "kind": "action", "id": "outs-awards-and-run-validity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "participants-and-game-progression", "name": "Participants and game progression", "description": "Connects the active players and batting order to innings and game completion.", "rationale": "A valid play sequence also depends on who may participate and whether the game should continue.", "layers": [ { "id": "lineup-and-role-control", "name": "Lineup and role control", "description": "Tracks batting positions, defensive assignments and permitted player changes.", "findings": [ { "id": "participation-and-substitution", "name": "Participation and substitution", "description": "Record starters, substitutes, re-entry history and any specialised batting or running roles expressly allowed by this competition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who occupies each batting position and defensive role, and which substitution or re-entry rights remain?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "participation-and-substitution-q01" }, { "text": "Does this ruleset permit the proposed designated-player, extra-player or courtesy-runner arrangement?", "kind": "action", "id": "participation-and-substitution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "innings-and-completion", "name": "Innings and completion", "description": "Determines progression between half-innings and the status of an interrupted or finished game.", "findings": [ { "id": "continuation-and-result", "name": "Continuation and result", "description": "Record scheduled length and applicable time-limit, run-ahead, tie-breaking and interruption provisions before deciding the game result.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which innings, time, score or interruption conditions govern whether this game continues or ends?", "kind": "definition", "id": "continuation-and-result-q01" }, { "text": "Given the current state, should play continue, enter a tie-breaking procedure, resume later or be declared complete?", "kind": "action", "id": "continuation-and-result-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "playing-environment-and-admissibility", "name": "Playing environment and admissibility", "description": "Checks the softball field, equipment and immediate conditions against the selected playing requirements.", "rationale": "Field geometry and admissible equipment affect both whether play can proceed and how particular events are ruled.", "layers": [ { "id": "field-and-boundaries", "name": "Field and boundaries", "description": "Records the diamond, pitching area and boundaries relevant to play.", "findings": [ { "id": "field-configuration-and-ground-rules", "name": "Field configuration and ground rules", "description": "Record measured distances, marked areas, boundary features and declared ground rules relevant to fair, foul and out-of-play decisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the measured base and pitching distances, and do they satisfy this division's requirements?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "field-configuration-and-ground-rules-q01" }, { "text": "How do fences, openings, obstructions and local ground rules determine whether a ball remains playable?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "field-configuration-and-ground-rules-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "equipment-and-readiness", "name": "Equipment and readiness", "description": "Determines whether equipment and immediate conditions support authorised play.", "findings": [ { "id": "equipment-checks-and-playability", "name": "Equipment checks and playability", "description": "Record ball and bat identification, applicable protective-equipment requirements and official decisions about unsafe or unplayable conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What inspection or approval evidence establishes that the balls, bats and required protective equipment are admissible?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "equipment-checks-and-playability-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed equipment or field conditions require correction or suspension of play, and who makes that decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "equipment-checks-and-playability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The sport sense is inferred from the ACT.ACT domain; no explicit sense was supplied.", "Rulebook editions and competition-specific requirements need checking before operational use.", "Dimensions and game length describe common configurations, not every youth, recreational or adapted form." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of softball this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fastpitch softball", "Slowpitch softball", "Modified-pitch softball", "16-inch softball" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of softball this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC) official fastpitch softball rules", "World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC) official slowpitch softball rules", "USA Softball official rules for competitions under its jurisdiction", "National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) softball rules for US collegiate competition" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of softball this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International representative competition", "School and university athletics", "Community recreational leagues", "Youth sport and player development", "Club and workplace leagues" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of softball this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Distance between consecutive bases", "typical_range": "60 in standard adult configurations", "unit": "ft" }, { "quantity": "Scheduled regulation game length", "typical_range": "7, subject to competition rules, early termination and extra innings", "unit": "innings" }, { "quantity": "Ball circumference", "typical_range": "Common nominal sizes are 11 and 12; 16-inch softball uses a larger ball", "unit": "in" }, { "quantity": "Pitching distance in adult women's fastpitch", "typical_range": "43", "unit": "ft" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of softball this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Impact injuries from batted or thrown balls, including head and facial injuries", "Collisions between players or with fences", "Sliding injuries, including ankle and knee injuries", "Overuse injuries associated with repeated throwing and pitching", "Heat illness during play in hot conditions" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of softball this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "US school and collegiate women's competition predominantly uses fastpitch, while adult recreational leagues commonly use slowpitch.", "16-inch softball has a distinctive local tradition in the Chicago area, including play without fielding gloves.", "National federations and local leagues vary in pitching distances, ball sizes, roster composition and restrictions on equipment." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of softball this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Baseball", "difference": "Softball requires underarm pitching and generally uses a larger ball, shorter base paths and a shorter pitching distance; baseball permits overarm pitching." }, { "name": "Rounders", "difference": "Rounders has its own rules for batting, posts, scoring and dismissals; shared bat-and-ball play does not make it a softball variant." }, { "name": "Softball ball", "difference": "The equipment object is the ball used in play; this entry describes the sport." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of softball this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authority and reference sources should establish the registry's definition of softball and the boundaries of its recognised variants?", "Should informal recreational adaptations be represented within this model through explicit local rules, or linked as related activities?", "Which discipline and division differences require dedicated extensions rather than values within this shared model?", "What minimum observation record is sufficient to reconstruct disputed runner timing, ball status and run validity?", "Does the existing Vercy world-model catalogue already cover softball or a broader sport model that this entry should link to or extend?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a softball, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise softball activity, assess its playing state under an identified ruleset, and determine permitted actions and unresolved decisions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: men's softball, women's softball, slow-pitch softball, fastpitch softball, 16-inch softball, college softball.", "6 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a softball, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "men's softball", "women's softball", "slow-pitch softball", "fastpitch softball", "16-inch softball", "college softball" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 6 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one softball from another, and a softball from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a softball, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a softball, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a softball is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a softball, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a softball, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a softball is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a softball sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a softball, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a softball, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a softball is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a softball from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a softball, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a softball, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a softball is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a softball passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a softball between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a softball, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a softball, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a softball is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a softball, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a softball is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a softball, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a softball, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a softball is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a softball proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a softball, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a softball and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a softball, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a softball, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a softball is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a softball consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a softball takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a softball, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a softball, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a softball is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What softball is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of softball are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is softball operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of softball and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of softball?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as softball?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a softball came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a softball and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a softball, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a softball, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a softball is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a softball is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a softball, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a softball, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a softball is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }