{ "model": { "rank": 4070, "code": "thing-q171076", "model_id": "vr.tr.biogas", "name": "biogas", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a biogas stream, assess its composition and condition, and determine what treatment and evidence are needed for a proposed use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q171076/", "tier": 2, "score": 78, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Liquefied Bio Gas" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 78, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q171076", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171076", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:24:25Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0879f-e8da-7813-8a42-2b4c396c4865\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: biogas\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 66.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0879f-e8cd-7083-9b65-7ff345d40275\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: biogas\nRegistry id: vr.tr.biogas\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext fo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q171076", "registryId": "vr.tr.biogas", "name": "biogas", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q171076/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.biogas", "name": "biogas", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a biogas stream, assess its composition and condition, and determine what treatment and evidence are needed for a proposed use.", "definition": "Biogas is a combustible gas mixture, composed principally of methane and carbon dioxide, produced by the anaerobic microbial decomposition of organic matter.", "scope_statement": "This model owns biogas as a variable gaseous mixture produced by biological decomposition under anaerobic conditions, including its origin, composition, physical state, contaminants and fitness for use; it records the boundary at which upgrading makes biomethane the appropriate neighbouring model.", "in_scope": [ "Biological origin and traceability of a defined gas stream or batch", "Methane, carbon dioxide and other constituent concentrations", "Moisture, contaminants and composition variability", "Pressure, temperature, energy content and reference conditions", "Treatment state and suitability for a specified receiving application", "Stream-specific hazards and applicable gas-quality identity" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Digester design, microbial community management and digestion process control", "Feedstock production, waste collection and digestate management", "Upgraded biomethane product certification and distribution-system operation", "Engines, boilers, upgrading equipment and storage-vessel design", "Whole-facility lifecycle assessment and renewable-energy credit accounting" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Evidence traces gas formation to biological decomposition under anaerobic conditions; methane content alone cannot distinguish biogas from fossil natural gas.", "The material is a variable mixture rather than pure methane, so constituent analysis is required instead of assigning methane's properties to the whole stream.", "Production history distinguishes biogas from syngas generated through thermochemical conversion, even where both contain combustible constituents.", "Treatment history and the receiving product specification determine whether the material remains described as biogas or should be linked to a biomethane model.", "Landfill origin can identify a biogas subtype; the collection facility is a separate thing from the gas it supplies." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Gas origin", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Producing process, facility, feedstock classes and collection point", "why_it_matters": "Establishes biological provenance and helps identify contaminants that require investigation." }, { "name": "Stream identity and sampling interval", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Stream or batch identifier, sampling location and time interval", "why_it_matters": "Connects measurements to the actual gas being assessed." }, { "name": "Major constituent composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen and other measured gases in mol% or vol%, with wet or dry basis stated", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification, energy calculations and detection of dilution or air ingress." }, { "name": "Contaminant profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Species-specific concentrations, such as ppmv or mg/m³, with reference conditions, methods and detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Determines treatment needs and compatibility with downstream equipment." }, { "name": "Water content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/m³ at stated reference conditions, or water dew point in °C at stated pressure", "why_it_matters": "Indicates condensation potential during transport, compression or cooling." }, { "name": "Physical delivery condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C, absolute pressure in kPa, and presence or absence of condensate or entrained material", "why_it_matters": "Makes composition and handling assessments relevant to actual operating conditions." }, { "name": "Heating value", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "MJ/m³ or MJ/kg, with higher or lower heating value and reference basis specified", "why_it_matters": "Quantifies usable fuel energy without assuming a fixed methane fraction." }, { "name": "Gas flow", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg/h or m³/h, with actual or reference temperature and pressure stated", "why_it_matters": "Supports matching the available gas supply to treatment and consumption capacity." }, { "name": "Treatment state", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Raw, dried, desulfurised, otherwise cleaned, or upgraded; treatment sequence recorded", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes completed treatment from demonstrated outlet quality." }, { "name": "Fitness for intended use", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed, meets specified limits, fails specified limits, or evidence insufficient", "why_it_matters": "Makes acceptance dependent on a named application and current evidence." }, { "name": "Applicable regulatory identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Jurisdiction, supply form, applicable classification or specification, and supporting document", "why_it_matters": "Avoids treating a variable mixture as a universally identified pure substance." } ], "affordances": [ "Specify representative sampling and analysis for a defined biogas stream.", "Compare measured gas quality with a named appliance or receiving-system specification.", "Identify drying, sulfur removal or other cleaning needs from measured deficiencies.", "Estimate fuel-energy delivery using compatible heating-value and flow measurements.", "Flag changed composition or operating conditions that require reassessment.", "Determine when upgrading warrants a linked biomethane product assessment." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "biological-origin-and-stream-boundary", "name": "Biological origin and stream boundary", "description": "Establishes why the material is biogas and which gas quantity the model describes.", "rationale": "Composition alone cannot establish biological origin, and measurements from different collection points may describe different mixtures.", "layers": [ { "id": "formation-and-provenance", "name": "Formation and provenance", "description": "Connects the gas to its biological formation and collection history.", "findings": [ { "id": "anaerobic-origin-evidence", "name": "Anaerobic origin evidence", "description": "Record evidence of biological formation separately from assumptions based on methane content or a supplier label.", "questions": [ { "text": "What producing process and records establish that this gas originated through anaerobic biological decomposition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "anaerobic-origin-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Has gas from fossil, thermochemical or other sources been blended into this stream?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "anaerobic-origin-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-product-boundaries", "name": "Material and product boundaries", "description": "Defines the assessed stream and its relationship to cleaned biogas and biomethane.", "findings": [ { "id": "stream-and-upgrading-boundary", "name": "Stream and upgrading boundary", "description": "Identify the collection or delivery point, treatment stage and criteria used to change the product designation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sampling point and time interval define the biogas represented here?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "stream-and-upgrading-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which specification or naming convention determines when this upgraded stream is assessed as biomethane?", "kind": "definition", "id": "stream-and-upgrading-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-energy-quality", "name": "Composition and energy quality", "description": "Describes the combustible mixture and the evidence behind its energy properties.", "rationale": "Biogas does not have one fixed composition or heating value.", "layers": [ { "id": "major-gas-fractions", "name": "Major gas fractions", "description": "Records constituent fractions on a consistent analytical basis.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-basis-and-completeness", "name": "Composition basis and completeness", "description": "Keep constituent measurements, moisture basis and unmeasured balance explicit.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the measured methane, carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen fractions, and which other gases were measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-basis-and-completeness-q01" }, { "text": "Are results reported on a wet or dry basis, and what fraction remains unexplained within measurement uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-basis-and-completeness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fuel-energy-and-variation", "name": "Fuel energy and variation", "description": "Relates fuel properties to the measured stream and its variation over time.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-energy-evidence", "name": "Usable energy evidence", "description": "Record heating value and flow with compatible reference conditions and an assessment of temporal representativeness.", "questions": [ { "text": "What heating value and gas flow were measured or calculated, using which methods and reference conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-energy-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How much do methane fraction and energy delivery vary across the intended operating interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-energy-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "moisture-and-trace-contaminants", "name": "Moisture and trace contaminants", "description": "Captures constituents and entrained material that can constrain biogas use.", "rationale": "Acceptable methane content does not establish acceptable moisture, sulfur or trace-contaminant levels.", "layers": [ { "id": "water-and-condensation", "name": "Water and condensation", "description": "Assesses moisture against the pressure and temperature path the gas will experience.", "findings": [ { "id": "condensation-potential", "name": "Condensation potential", "description": "Record water content, dew point and observed liquid carryover without treating these as interchangeable measurements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What water content or water dew point is established, and at what pressure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condensation-potential-q01" }, { "text": "Will the proposed cooling or compression path produce condensate or require additional moisture removal?", "kind": "action", "id": "condensation-potential-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "source-dependent-contaminants", "name": "Source-dependent contaminants", "description": "Defines a contaminant investigation appropriate to the feedstock, collection system and intended use.", "findings": [ { "id": "contaminant-panel-and-residuals", "name": "Contaminant panel and residuals", "description": "Assess hydrogen sulfide, other sulfur species, siloxanes, ammonia, halogenated compounds and entrained material where relevant; do not presume their presence or absence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which contaminants require analysis given this gas's origin and the receiving equipment's requirements?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "contaminant-panel-and-residuals-q01" }, { "text": "What concentrations and detection limits are established at the delivery point after any treatment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contaminant-panel-and-residuals-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-hazard-assessment", "name": "Condition and hazard assessment", "description": "Relates the gas's measured state to release, ignition and exposure concerns.", "rationale": "Biogas hazards depend on composition and handling conditions rather than the material name alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "pressure-and-release-state", "name": "Pressure and release state", "description": "Records the conditions needed to assess containment and a potential gas release.", "findings": [ { "id": "delivery-state-and-release-context", "name": "Delivery state and release context", "description": "Connect actual pressure, temperature and gas inventory to the receiving environment and its handling assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What absolute pressure, temperature and connected gas inventory characterise this stream at the handling boundary?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "delivery-state-and-release-context-q01" }, { "text": "What receiving-environment assessment establishes the controls needed for a potential release?", "kind": "action", "id": "delivery-state-and-release-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "combustibility-and-exposure", "name": "Combustibility and exposure", "description": "Keeps ignition, oxygen displacement and constituent toxicity separately assessable.", "findings": [ { "id": "mixture-specific-hazard-evidence", "name": "Mixture-specific hazard evidence", "description": "Require applicable hazard evidence for the mixture and its constituents, including methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide where present.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which measured constituents and applicable classification sources establish the stream's combustion and exposure hazards?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mixture-specific-hazard-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which monitoring and handling requirements follow from the assessed composition and use environment?", "kind": "action", "id": "mixture-specific-hazard-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment-and-use-acceptance", "name": "Treatment and use acceptance", "description": "Connects treatment history and verified gas quality to a specific use decision.", "rationale": "A treatment label cannot demonstrate that biogas meets an appliance, purchaser or network requirement.", "layers": [ { "id": "cleaning-and-upgrading-evidence", "name": "Cleaning and upgrading evidence", "description": "Tracks which constituents treatment targets and whether the resulting gas was verified.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-treatment-state", "name": "Verified treatment state", "description": "Record completed treatment stages, outlet measurements and evidence of changing treatment performance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which drying, sulfur removal, trace-contaminant removal or carbon dioxide separation stages has this gas undergone?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-treatment-state-q01" }, { "text": "Which outlet measurements demonstrate treatment performance, and when must they be renewed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-treatment-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-specific-acceptance", "name": "Application-specific acceptance", "description": "Assesses the gas against a named destination and applicable requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-decision-and-quality-gaps", "name": "Use decision and quality gaps", "description": "Record a supported acceptance decision, including unmet limits and missing evidence, for the intended use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which equipment specification, supply agreement or jurisdictional requirement governs this proposed use?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "use-decision-and-quality-gaps-q01" }, { "text": "Does current evidence support acceptance, further treatment or withholding the stream from that use?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-decision-and-quality-gaps-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This description is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; composition ranges are indicative rather than acceptance specifications.", "Biogas is a variable mixture: do not assign methane's chemical identifiers, melting point or boiling point to the whole mixture.", "Check applicable standards, hazard classification and contaminant limits for the actual composition, intended use and jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of biogas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Agricultural digester gas", "Sewage-sludge digester gas", "Landfill gas", "Food-waste digester gas", "Industrial wastewater digester gas" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of biogas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fuel for combined heat and power generation", "Fuel for boilers and process heating", "Cooking fuel in appropriately designed biogas appliances", "Feedstock for upgrading to biomethane for gas-grid injection or transport fuel" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of biogas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Methane volume fraction", "typical_range": "Approximately 50-70 in many digester gases; feedstock and operating conditions can produce values outside this range", "unit": "% by volume, dry basis" }, { "quantity": "Carbon dioxide volume fraction", "typical_range": "Approximately 30-50 in many digester gases; varies with methane content and other constituents", "unit": "% by volume, dry basis" }, { "quantity": "Lower heating value", "typical_range": "Approximately 18-25 for dry gas containing 50-70% methane", "unit": "MJ/m³ at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of biogas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Methane-containing biogas can form flammable or explosive mixtures with air.", "Hydrogen sulfide contamination can cause acute poisoning and cannot be reliably assessed by smell.", "Leaks or accumulation in confined spaces can create oxygen-deficient atmospheres; carbon dioxide also presents an inhalation hazard.", "Moisture and sulfur compounds can corrode equipment, while condensate can obstruct gas lines.", "Siloxanes in some feedstocks can generate silica deposits during combustion, damaging engines and other equipment." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of biogas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Gas-grid acceptance requirements and transport-fuel specifications differ between jurisdictions and network operators.", "Feedstock availability and waste-management practices influence local gas composition and contaminant profiles.", "Some usage treats landfill gas as a distinct category, while broader technical usage includes it within biogas." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of biogas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Biomethane", "difference": "Biomethane is methane-rich gas obtained through upgrading or other biological production routes; raw biogas retains substantial carbon dioxide and usually requires contaminant removal." }, { "name": "Natural gas", "difference": "Natural gas conventionally denotes gas from geological reservoirs; biogas is identified by its production through anaerobic decomposition of organic matter." }, { "name": "Syngas", "difference": "Syngas is principally a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, whereas biogas is principally methane and carbon dioxide." }, { "name": "Anaerobic digestion", "difference": "Anaerobic digestion is the biological process that produces biogas, rather than the gas mixture itself." }, { "name": "Digestate", "difference": "Digestate is the residual liquid and solid material from anaerobic digestion, rather than its gaseous product." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of biogas this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the existing Vercy catalogue already cover biogas, landfill gas or biomethane in a model that should be linked rather than duplicated?", "Which authoritative definitions should govern the boundary between biogas, cleaned biogas and biomethane across the intended jurisdictions?", "Which mixture identifiers, safety classifications and constituent exposure limits apply to the actual supply form and jurisdiction?", "Which source-specific contaminants, sampling methods and measurement frequencies are necessary to establish representative gas quality?", "Which receiving-use specifications supply the actual acceptance limits for energy properties, moisture, sulfur, oxygen and other contaminants?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a biogas, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a biogas stream, assess its composition and condition, and determine what treatment and evidence are needed for a proposed use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Liquefied Bio Gas.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a biogas, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Liquefied Bio Gas" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one biogas from another, and a biogas from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a biogas sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a biogas from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a biogas is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a biogas is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a biogas is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a biogas is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a biogas is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a biogas is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a biogas passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a biogas between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a biogas, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a biogas is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a biogas and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a biogas is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a biogas performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a biogas.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a biogas at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a biogas there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What biogas is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name biogas unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of biogas exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How biogas behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of biogas, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is biogas incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How biogas can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is biogas classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover biogas, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a biogas came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a biogas and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a biogas is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a biogas, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a biogas, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a biogas is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }