{ "model": { "rank": 4173, "code": "thing-q171251", "model_id": "vr.tr.administrative-law", "name": "administrative law", "purpose": "Let an agent explain administrative law and its principles, relay systems and procedures from legal sources by jurisdiction, describe judicial review and remedies, and distinguish administrative law from constitutional and criminal law, routing personal cases to lawyers.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q171251/", "tier": 2, "score": 77, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "administrative law of Norway", "regulated sectors law", "Law of Capital Secretariat and Municipalities", "Law of Municipality Department", "Law of Governors and Administrative Councils", "Ordinance of Provinces", "administrative law in France", "procedural administrative law", "averting of dangers", "Dutch administrative law", "administrative law in Germany", "administrative law in China", "United States administrative law", "global administrative law", "professional trade law in Germany" ], "aliasCount": 15, "merged": 15, "knownIn": 77, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q171251", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171251", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T04:34:01Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q171251", "registryId": "vr.tr.administrative-law", "name": "administrative law", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q171251/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.administrative-law", "name": "administrative law", "purpose": "Let an agent explain administrative law and its principles, relay systems and procedures from legal sources by jurisdiction, describe judicial review and remedies, and distinguish administrative law from constitutional and criminal law, routing personal cases to lawyers.", "definition": "The body of public law governing the organisation, powers and procedures of government agencies and the review of their actions, covering rule-making, adjudication, licensing and enforcement, judicial review and remedies, and specialised fields such as regulated sectors law and the laws organising municipalities, provinces and governors, with national systems such as the administrative law of Norway; administrative law protects citizens against unlawful administration and enables effective government.", "what_it_is_for": "Governing and reviewing public administration.", "affordances": [ "explain principles", "relay systems by jurisdiction", "describe review and remedies", "route personal cases" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Public administration focus", "Legality and due process", "Judicial review", "Jurisdictional variation" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; statutes, regulations and court decisions.", "visual_identification": [ "Law of public administration", "Rule-making, adjudication, judicial review; regulated sectors law; municipal and provincial organisation laws; administrative law of Norway", "Constitutional law concerns the state structure; criminal law concerns offences; private law concerns individuals" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "general administrative law and procedure", "judicial review of administrative action", "regulatory and regulated sectors law", "local government law such as laws of municipalities, capital secretariats and provinces", "administrative courts and tribunals", "national systems such as the administrative law of Norway" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "public law", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "governs", "target": "public administration", "why": "and agencies" }, { "relation": "provides", "target": "judicial review", "why": "of administrative action" }, { "relation": "is adjudicated by", "target": "administrative court", "why": "in many systems" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Administrative procedure acts such as the US APA and the Norwegian Public Administration Act", "Constitutional guarantees of due process", "Council of Europe recommendations on good administration" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents giving personal legal advice", "Generalising across jurisdictions", "Confusing administrative with constitutional law" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What administrative law is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and scope.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is administrative law, and how does it differ from constitutional, criminal and private law?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about administrative law in general, a specific jurisdiction or a personal case, which needs a lawyer?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "principles", "name": "Principles", "description": "Principles.", "findings": [ { "id": "principles-finding", "name": "Principles", "description": "Principles.", "questions": [ { "text": "What principles such as legality, proportionality, fairness and reasoned decisions govern administration?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific principle?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "systems", "name": "Systems", "description": "Systems and procedure.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "procedure", "name": "Procedure", "description": "Administrative procedure.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedure-finding", "name": "Procedure", "description": "Procedure.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do rule-making, adjudication and licensing work under administrative procedure acts?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "countries", "name": "Countries", "description": "National systems.", "findings": [ { "id": "countries-finding", "name": "Countries", "description": "Countries.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do administrative law systems differ, for example in Norway, France, Germany and the United States?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific system?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "review", "name": "Review", "description": "Review and remedies.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "judicial", "name": "Judicial", "description": "Judicial review.", "findings": [ { "id": "judicial-finding", "name": "Judicial", "description": "Judicial.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do courts review administrative action, and on what grounds?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "remedies", "name": "Remedies", "description": "Remedies and ombudsmen.", "findings": [ { "id": "remedies-finding", "name": "Remedies", "description": "Remedies.", "questions": [ { "text": "What remedies exist, from quashing decisions to damages and ombudsman complaints?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits ombudsman?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Local government and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "local", "name": "Local", "description": "Local government law.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-finding", "name": "Local", "description": "Local.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do laws organise municipalities, provinces and governors, as in the historical ordinances named in the registry?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits local government law?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did administrative law develop from the droit administratif to modern regulatory states?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of administrative law?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should judicial review and administrative procedure be separate primary entries?", "How should legal sources be linked by jurisdiction?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming national and historical statutes; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a administrative law, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain administrative law and its principles, relay systems and procedures from legal sources by jurisdiction, describe judicial review and remedies, and distinguish administrative law from constitutional and criminal law, routing personal cases to lawyers.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: administrative law of Norway, regulated sectors law, Law of Capital Secretariat and Municipalities, Law of Municipality Department, Law of Governors and Administrative Councils, Ordinance of Provinces, administrative law in France, procedural administrative law, averting of dangers, Dutch administrative law, administrative law in Germany, administrative law in China.", "15 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a administrative law, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "administrative law of Norway", "regulated sectors law", "Law of Capital Secretariat and Municipalities", "Law of Municipality Department", "Law of Governors and Administrative Councils", "Ordinance of Provinces", "administrative law in France", "procedural administrative law", "averting of dangers", "Dutch administrative law", "administrative law in Germany", "administrative law in China" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 77 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 15 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one administrative law from another, and a administrative law from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a administrative law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a administrative law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a administrative law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a administrative law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a administrative law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a administrative law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a administrative law sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a administrative law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a administrative law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a administrative law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a administrative law from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a administrative law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a administrative law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a administrative law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a administrative law passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a administrative law between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a administrative law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a administrative law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a administrative law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a administrative law, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a administrative law is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a administrative law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a administrative law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a administrative law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a administrative law says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a administrative law contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a administrative law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a administrative law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a administrative law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a administrative law and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a administrative law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a administrative law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a administrative law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What administrative law studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does administrative law take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does administrative law establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where administrative law is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark administrative law as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place administrative law, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a administrative law came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a administrative law and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a administrative law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a administrative law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a administrative law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a administrative law is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a administrative law, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a administrative law, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a administrative law is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }