{ "model": { "rank": 2465, "code": "thing-q171318", "model_id": "vr.tr.kinship", "name": "kinship", "purpose": "Let an agent handle kinship as culturally defined relations with legal effects, and avoid assuming one culture terminology or family structure.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.REL", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q171318/", "tier": 2, "score": 105, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "cognate", "third-degree relative", "may be related", "half-aunt", "double half-aunt", "biaojie", "biaomei", "half-uncle", "double half-uncle", "child of a sibling, aunt or uncle", "half-nephew", "half-niece", "grandaunt or granduncle", "first cousin", "second-degree relative", "half first cousin", "maternal first cousin", "paternal first cousin", "child of sister of parent", "double cousin", "parent's sibling", "double half-nephew", "double half-niece", "ancestor generation starting with parent", "consanguinity", "consanguine reproduction", "blood-related incest", "sonhood", "collateral", "nominal kinship", "soulmate", "type of siblings", "type of sibling", "Chinese kinship", "relative kinship between peoples", "inverse family relationship", "outer kin", "genetic relationship", "Philippine kinship", "Hokkien kinship" ], "aliasCount": 40, "merged": 40, "knownIn": 105, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.kinship", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q171318", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171318", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T04:35:51Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q171318", "registryId": "vr.tr.kinship", "name": "kinship", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.REL" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q171318/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.kinship", "name": "kinship", "purpose": "Let an agent handle kinship as culturally defined relations with legal effects, and avoid assuming one culture terminology or family structure.", "definition": "The web of social relationships between people based on descent, marriage, adoption and other culturally recognised ties, and the terms and rules that organise them.", "what_it_is_for": "Organising family, inheritance, care, marriage rules and belonging.", "affordances": [ "describe it, with kinship terms and diagrams", "establish it legally, for inheritance, custody and immigration", "test biological relatedness, which is not the same as kinship", "translate kinship terms, which often have no exact equivalents" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Social and legal as well as biological", "Terminology systems differ across cultures (for example Eskimo, Hawaiian, Sudanese types)", "Includes affinal ties by marriage and ties by adoption", "Degree of relationship is computed differently in different legal systems" ], "appearance": "Not visible; represented in family trees, kinship diagrams, civil records and the terms people use for relatives.", "visual_identification": [ "Kinship diagrams and family trees", "Terms such as aunt, cousin, biaomei, half-aunt", "Civil records of birth, marriage and adoption" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "consanguineal: by descent", "affinal: by marriage", "adoptive and fictive kinship", "by degree: first-, second-, third-degree relatives" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is studied by", "target": "anthropology", "why": "kinship is a core anthropological topic" }, { "relation": "has legal effect in", "target": "inheritance and family law", "why": "kinship decides rights" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "genetic relatedness", "why": "biology and social kinship can diverge" }, { "relation": "is expressed in", "target": "language", "why": "kinship terms vary by language" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Civil codes on degrees of kinship and inheritance", "Family law on adoption and parentage", "Data protection rules on genetic and family data" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Translating kinship terms with false equivalents", "Inferring kinship from genetic data without consent", "Assuming a nuclear family structure" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "relations", "name": "Relations", "description": "Who is related to whom and how.", "rationale": "Kinship is a network of typed relations.", "layers": [ { "id": "type", "name": "Type of tie", "description": "Descent, marriage, adoption.", "findings": [ { "id": "type-finding", "name": "Tie type", "description": "The kind of relation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What kind of tie links these people?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is it recognised socially, legally or both?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "degree", "name": "Degree", "description": "Closeness of relation.", "findings": [ { "id": "degree-finding", "name": "Degree computation", "description": "The degree and how it is counted.", "questions": [ { "text": "What degree of relationship is this, by which counting system?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Does the system matter for the purpose at hand?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "terminology", "name": "Terminology", "description": "Words for relatives.", "rationale": "Kinship terms encode distinctions that other languages lack.", "layers": [ { "id": "terms", "name": "Terms", "description": "The kinship term used.", "findings": [ { "id": "terms-finding", "name": "Term meaning", "description": "What the term covers.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which relatives does this term cover?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which distinctions does it make that English does not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "translation", "name": "Translation", "description": "Mapping between languages.", "findings": [ { "id": "translation-finding", "name": "Translation choice", "description": "How it is translated.", "questions": [ { "text": "How should this term be translated without losing meaning?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "When should the original term be kept?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Legal consequences.", "rationale": "Kinship decides inheritance, custody and immigration rights.", "layers": [ { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and duties", "description": "Inheritance, care, support.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-finding", "name": "Legal effects", "description": "Rights and duties arising.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which rights and duties follow from this relationship here?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which law governs it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "proof", "name": "Proof", "description": "Records and evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "proof-finding", "name": "Evidence of kinship", "description": "Documents that establish it.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documents establish this relationship?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "When is genetic testing used, and with what consent?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "privacy", "name": "Privacy", "description": "Family data.", "rationale": "Family data reveals information about people who did not consent.", "layers": [ { "id": "data", "name": "Data handling", "description": "Family trees and genetic data.", "findings": [ { "id": "data-finding", "name": "Data rules", "description": "Rules on handling family data.", "questions": [ { "text": "What rules apply to storing family and genetic data?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Who else is affected by sharing it?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "inference", "name": "Inference", "description": "Deducing relations.", "findings": [ { "id": "inference-finding", "name": "Inference limits", "description": "Limits on inferring kinship.", "questions": [ { "text": "Should an agent infer a family relationship here?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How should such an inference be marked?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should kinship terms be registered per language?", "How should legal and social kinship be distinguished in records?", "What limits apply to agents inferring family relationships?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a kinship, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent handle kinship as culturally defined relations with legal effects, and avoid assuming one culture terminology or family structure.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: cognate, third-degree relative, may be related, half-aunt, double half-aunt, biaojie, biaomei, half-uncle, double half-uncle, child of a sibling, aunt or uncle, half-nephew, half-niece.", "40 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 105 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a kinship, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "cognate", "third-degree relative", "may be related", "half-aunt", "double half-aunt", "biaojie", "biaomei", "half-uncle", "double half-uncle", "child of a sibling, aunt or uncle", "half-nephew", "half-niece" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 105 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 40 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one kinship from another, and a kinship from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a kinship, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a kinship, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a kinship is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a kinship, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a kinship, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a kinship is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a kinship sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a kinship, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a kinship, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a kinship is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a kinship from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a kinship, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a kinship, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a kinship is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a kinship passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a kinship between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a kinship, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a kinship, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a kinship is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a kinship, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a kinship is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a kinship, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a kinship, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a kinship is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What kinship is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of kinship are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is kinship operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of kinship and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of kinship?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as kinship?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a kinship came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a kinship and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a kinship, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a kinship, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a kinship is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a kinship is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a kinship, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a kinship, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a kinship is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }