{ "model": { "rank": 1574, "code": "thing-q171497", "model_id": "vr.tr.common-sunflower", "name": "common sunflower", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a common sunflower, assess its development and condition, and choose appropriate observation, care, propagation or harvest actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q171497/", "tier": 2, "score": 137, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 137, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q171497", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171497", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-06T21:17:27Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01411986, "turns": 1, "seconds": 132.2, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 64.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07891-080b-75c1-9efa-f33886b09d93\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: common sunflower\nRegistry id: vr.tr.common-sunflower\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry:" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q171497", "registryId": "vr.tr.common-sunflower", "name": "common sunflower", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q171497/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.common-sunflower", "name": "common sunflower", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a common sunflower, assess its development and condition, and choose appropriate observation, care, propagation or harvest actions.", "definition": "Helianthus annuus L. is an annual diploid (2n = 34) composite native to central and western North America, with alternate leaves, radiate capitula bearing sterile yellow rays around a brown to purple disc, paleate receptacles, and single-seeded oil-rich achenes; it is the wild progenitor of oilseed, confectionery and ornamental sunflowers and remains a widespread ruderal and rotational weed.", "scope_statement": "This model owns an individual common sunflower plant, provisionally identified as Helianthus annuus, including its attached organs, growing context and reproductive state, while preserving uncertainty about identification, cultivar and intended use.", "in_scope": [ "Identification as Helianthus annuus and evidence distinguishing it from similar plants", "Individual growth form, cultivar or accession identity when known, and developmental stage", "Root-zone conditions, light exposure and responses relevant to care", "Flower-head development, pollination opportunity and seed maturation", "Plant damage, structural stability and suitability for an intended action" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Field-scale crop rotation, yield forecasting and farm operations", "Pollinator species identification and population management", "Soil ecosystems and weather systems beyond their observed effects on this plant", "Detached seed lots, processed sunflower oil and food-product quality assurance", "Independent models of pathogens, pests and pesticide products" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check for a composite flower head containing numerous central disc florets and, in typical forms, peripheral ray florets; yellow rays alone do not establish sunflower identity.", "Inspect leaf arrangement along the stem: lower leaves may be opposite and upper leaves alternate; record broad, rough, toothed leaves as supporting evidence rather than a conclusive test.", "Distinguish common sunflower from Jerusalem artichoke and other perennial sunflowers using underground organs and evidence of annual versus persistent growth; absence of visible tubers is inconclusive without inspection.", "Use involucral bracts, leaf attachment and stem or leaf hair characters in an appropriate botanical key to distinguish Helianthus annuus from other Helianthus species.", "Allow branched, small-headed, coloured-ray and double-flowered cultivated forms; a single giant yellow head is neither required nor sufficient for identification." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unresolved | provisional Helianthus annuus | supported Helianthus annuus; evidence recorded", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether sunflower-specific care or reproductive decisions have a sound basis." }, { "name": "Cultivar or accession association", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "named cultivar, accession or supplier record | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Expected stature, branching, floral form and pollen production can vary among cultivated forms." }, { "name": "Developmental stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "seedling | vegetative | visible bud | flowering | seed filling | senescing | dead", "why_it_matters": "Care and harvest decisions depend on stage rather than calendar date alone." }, { "name": "Plant height", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cm from growing-medium surface to highest living point, with observation date", "why_it_matters": "Supports growth tracking and assessment of exposure, clearance and support needs." }, { "name": "Branching habit", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "unbranched | branched | uncertain; lateral branch and head counts", "why_it_matters": "Helps interpret cultivar expectations and the consequences of cutting or pinching." }, { "name": "Head diameter", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cm across the disc, excluding rays; head identity and stage recorded", "why_it_matters": "Tracks individual head development without confusing disc size with ray length." }, { "name": "Root-zone moisture", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "volumetric water content (%) when instrumented, or explicitly labelled qualitative observation; depth and time recorded", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish a need for watering from other causes of wilting." }, { "name": "Direct sunlight exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "estimated or measured hours per day, with season and method", "why_it_matters": "Provides context for growth, flowering and decisions about placement." }, { "name": "Stem and anchorage condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "upright | leaning | bent | broken | uprooted; damage location recorded", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether support, protection or removal may be appropriate." }, { "name": "Reproductive outcome", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not assessed | flowering | developing fruits | apparently filled fruits | mature fruits | failed or aborted", "why_it_matters": "Separates flowering from successful seed production and supports harvest timing." } ], "affordances": [ "Document diagnostic leaves, stems, bracts and heads to improve identification.", "Adjust watering or placement using root-zone observations, exposure and developmental stage.", "Support a leaning stem or protect a developing head when observed loads and damage justify intervention.", "Track flowering and pollinator access, and manage pollination when seed parentage matters.", "Choose whether to retain, deadhead or cut a head according to ornamental, wildlife or seed-saving goals.", "Assess seed maturity and harvest readiness, or collect evidence before responding to suspected pests or disease." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "fna-helianthus-annuus", "title": "Helianthus annuus Linnaeus, Flora of North America Volume 21", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Native range, morphological diagnosis versus other Helianthus, and the wild versus cultivated habit." }, { "id": "usda-plants-hean3", "title": "PLANTS Database: Helianthus annuus L.", "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=HEAN3", "what_it_supports": "Accepted scientific name, USDA symbol HEAN3, and North American distribution as crop, native, and weed.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "schneiter-1997-monograph", "title": "Sunflower Technology and Production, Agronomy Monograph 35", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Oilseed versus confection types, agronomy, typical oil content and yield, and major diseases and pests." }, { "id": "codex-cxs-210", "title": "Standard for Named Vegetable Oils (CXS 210-1999)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Codex compositional identity of sunflowerseed oil, including linoleic and high-oleic ranges used in trade." }, { "id": "usda-ams-sunflower-seed", "title": "Official United States Standards for Sunflower Seed", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "US grain-inspection grades, oil-type versus confectionery-type seed, and moisture and dockage practice." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-grown-form", "name": "Identity and grown form", "description": "Evidence that the plant is common sunflower and context for its particular form.", "rationale": "Similar composite flowers and substantial cultivated variation make appearance-only identification unreliable.", "layers": [ { "id": "species-recognition", "name": "Species recognition", "description": "Observable characters and identification limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-character-set", "name": "Diagnostic character set", "description": "Record the combination of leaf, stem, head and bract characters supporting identification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed characters support Helianthus annuus, and which were checked against a botanical key?", "kind": "definition", "id": "diagnostic-character-set-q01" }, { "text": "Which similar Helianthus species or other composite-flowered plants remain plausible?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-character-set-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cultivated-or-volunteer-origin", "name": "Cultivated or volunteer origin", "description": "Origin and named form that inform expectations without substituting for identification.", "findings": [ { "id": "origin-and-form-evidence", "name": "Origin and form evidence", "description": "Connect planting history and cultivar claims to observed branching and floral form.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was this plant deliberately sown, transplanted or found as a volunteer, and what record supports that history?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "origin-and-form-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports its cultivar identity or a claim that it is pollenless?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "origin-and-form-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growth-and-structural-support", "name": "Growth and structural support", "description": "Development of the sunflower's stem, branches and head-bearing structure.", "rationale": "Growth stage and head placement affect support needs and the consequences of cutting.", "layers": [ { "id": "developmental-progression", "name": "Developmental progression", "description": "Dated evidence of progression from seedling to senescence.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-and-growth-trajectory", "name": "Stage and growth trajectory", "description": "Record developmental stage alongside height, branching and head emergence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which structures establish the current stage: true leaves, buds, open florets or developing fruits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stage-and-growth-trajectory-q01" }, { "text": "How have height, branch count and head development changed since the previous observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stage-and-growth-trajectory-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "head-bearing-stability", "name": "Head-bearing stability", "description": "Stem integrity and anchorage under the plant's current head load and exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "leaning-and-breakage-risk", "name": "Leaning and breakage risk", "description": "Distinguish head droop from stem bending, breakage or loss of root anchorage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the head drooping at its stalk, the main stem bending, or the root plate moving?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "leaning-and-breakage-risk-q01" }, { "text": "Would staking, a loose support tie or shelter reduce observed instability without damaging the stem?", "kind": "action", "id": "leaning-and-breakage-risk-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "root-zone-and-exposure", "name": "Root zone and exposure", "description": "Conditions governing water access, rooting space and sunlight for this plant.", "rationale": "Sunflower care requires interpreting visible responses against the actual growing environment.", "layers": [ { "id": "water-and-rooting-context", "name": "Water and rooting context", "description": "Root-zone moisture, drainage and restrictions relevant to watering.", "findings": [ { "id": "watering-decision-evidence", "name": "Watering decision evidence", "description": "Connect leaf posture with moisture observations and container or ground conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the moisture condition at root depth, and is the sunflower in a container or unrestricted ground?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "watering-decision-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does evidence support watering, improving drainage or further diagnosis before intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "watering-decision-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "light-and-weather-exposure", "name": "Light and weather exposure", "description": "Sunlight, shading and recent weather affecting interpretation of growth and posture.", "findings": [ { "id": "exposure-linked-response", "name": "Exposure-linked response", "description": "Record exposure and plant responses without treating head direction as a reliable identity or health test.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much direct sun reaches the foliage, and what neighbouring structures or plants shade it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "exposure-linked-response-q01" }, { "text": "Did wilting, leaning or tissue damage begin after heat, wind, cold or a change in placement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "exposure-linked-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-and-seed-production", "name": "Flowering and seed production", "description": "Individual head development, pollination context and reproductive outcome.", "rationale": "A sunflower head contains many florets, so an open head does not by itself establish pollination or seed maturity.", "layers": [ { "id": "floret-development-and-pollination", "name": "Floret development and pollination", "description": "Flowering progress within each head and evidence of pollen availability or transfer.", "findings": [ { "id": "head-flowering-status", "name": "Head flowering status", "description": "Distinguish visible rays from disc-floret flowering and record pollination opportunities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which areas of the disc contain unopened, flowering or spent florets?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "head-flowering-status-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence exists of pollen availability, flower visitors or deliberate pollination?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "head-flowering-status-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fruit-filling-and-maturity", "name": "Fruit filling and maturity", "description": "Evidence that fruits contain developed seeds and are ready for the intended harvest.", "findings": [ { "id": "seed-harvest-readiness", "name": "Seed harvest readiness", "description": "Assess head condition and sampled fruit development without assuming every visible hull is filled.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do head-back colour, bract condition and a permitted sample of fruits indicate about maturity and filling?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seed-harvest-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Should this head remain for further filling, be protected from feeding animals or be harvested for the stated purpose?", "kind": "action", "id": "seed-harvest-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-use-decisions", "name": "Condition and use decisions", "description": "Symptoms, damage and intended use that govern intervention on the sunflower.", "rationale": "The same head or leaf condition can lead to different actions depending on developmental stage and whether the plant is grown for display, wildlife or seed.", "layers": [ { "id": "damage-and-decline", "name": "Damage and decline", "description": "Location, extent and progression of abnormal tissue changes.", "findings": [ { "id": "symptom-pattern-and-uncertainty", "name": "Symptom pattern and uncertainty", "description": "Separate observed chewing, spotting, yellowing or rot from unconfirmed causal diagnoses.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which leaves, stem regions or heads are affected, how extensively, and how quickly is the pattern changing?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "symptom-pattern-and-uncertainty-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes expected post-flowering senescence from injury, resource stress or suspected infection?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "symptom-pattern-and-uncertainty-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "retention-cutting-and-removal", "name": "Retention, cutting and removal", "description": "Actions on heads or the whole plant in relation to the owner's intended outcome.", "findings": [ { "id": "purpose-dependent-intervention", "name": "Purpose-dependent intervention", "description": "Record the intended benefit and reproductive or structural consequences before removing tissue.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this sunflower intended for cut flowers, standing display, seed saving, food production or wildlife feeding?", "kind": "definition", "id": "purpose-dependent-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "How would cutting this head or stem affect remaining buds, seed production and the stated purpose?", "kind": "action", "id": "purpose-dependent-intervention-q02" }, { "text": "What treatment history or unresolved identification limits affect whether harvested material can proceed to a food or feed assessment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "purpose-dependent-intervention-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Wild or weedy common sunflower (branched plants with many small heads)", "Linoleic oilseed (black-hulled, high-oil crushing types)", "Mid-oleic oilseed (NuSun-type identity-preserved oil)", "High-oleic oilseed (oleic acid typically above about 80 percent of fatty acids)", "Confectionery or non-oil (large striped achenes for in-shell snack and hulled kernel)", "Ornamental and cut-flower (dwarf to giant, often pollenless or coloured-ray cultivars)", "Birdseed and screenings grade", "Forage or silage sunflower" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of common sunflower this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q171497", "note": "Item for Helianthus annuus." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "36616", "note": "Taxonomic Serial Number for Helianthus annuus." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "4232", "note": "Taxid for Helianthus annuus." }, { "scheme": "USDA PLANTS symbol", "value_or_pattern": "HEAN3", "note": "Standard plant symbol in the United States." }, { "scheme": "EPPO code", "value_or_pattern": "HELAN", "note": "Plant-protection code used in Europe and by EPPO." }, { "scheme": "Linnaean / IPNI name", "value_or_pattern": "Helianthus annuus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 904 (1753)", "note": "Protologue; the nomenclatural type of the genus Helianthus." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System", "value_or_pattern": "1206 (seed); 1512 (sunflower-seed oil, with safflower and cotton-seed oils)", "note": "Customs headings for seed and crude/refined oil." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of common sunflower this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Codex Alimentarius CXS 210-1999, Standard for Named Vegetable Oils - FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission (sunflowerseed oil fatty-acid identity, including high-oleic types).", "Official United States Standards for Sunflower Seed - USDA Agricultural Marketing Service / Federal Grain Inspection Service (grades, oil versus confectionery class, moisture, dockage).", "ISTA International Rules for Seed Testing - International Seed Testing Association (purity, germination, and other seed-lot tests applied to sunflower).", "OECD Seed Schemes for crucifers and other oil or fibre species - OECD (varietal identity and certified seed of sunflower).", "UPOV Test Guidelines TG/81 (sunflower) - International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (DUS characters for variety protection).", "Common Catalogue of Varieties of Agricultural Plant Species - European Commission (varieties lawfully marketed as agricultural seed in the EU).", "Maximum levels for cadmium in oilseeds and derived foods (EU 2023/915 and predecessors) - European Commission (sunflower kernels are a known cadmium accumulator on some soils).", "Canadian Grain Commission sunflower seed grading tables - Canadian Grain Commission." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of common sunflower this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Crushing of black oilseed for salad, frying and high-oleic industrial oils, with sunflower meal going to ruminant and poultry rations.", "In-shell snack seed and hulled kernels in bakery, confectionery and trail mixes.", "Formulated wild-bird feed, often the largest non-food outlet for small or off-grade seed.", "Garden plants and pollenless cut flowers.", "Major summer bee forage and a honey source in oilseed districts.", "Occasional whole-plant silage.", "Volunteer and ruderal weed in cereal, pulse and row-crop rotations on the Great Plains and in other temperate cropping zones.", "Documented phytoremediation plantings for some metals and, historically, radionuclides." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of common sunflower this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Plant height at maturity", "typical_range": "0.5-3.5 (ornamental giants to about 5)", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Capitulum (head) diameter", "typical_range": "8-30 (show giants to about 50)", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Seed oil content (oilseed types, dry basis)", "typical_range": "38-50", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Thousand-seed weight", "typical_range": "oilseed 40-80; confection 80-200", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Grain yield (commercial oilseed)", "typical_range": "1.5-3.5", "unit": "t/ha" }, { "quantity": "Days from sowing to physiological maturity", "typical_range": "80-120", "unit": "d" }, { "quantity": "Seed moisture for safe storage", "typical_range": "<10 (harvest often 10-12 before drying)", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Somatic chromosome number", "typical_range": "34", "unit": "2n" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of common sunflower this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Sclerotinia sclerotiorum head rot and mid-stem rot in humid seasons, often the main yield limiter in temperate production.", "Phomopsis/Diaporthe stem canker and Plasmopara halstedii downy mildew, the latter with resistance-breaking races and quarantine significance.", "Sunflower moth and banded sunflower moth larvae destroying developing achenes.", "Bird depredation of ripening heads, especially near wetlands and roosts.", "Heat or drought at anthesis reducing seed set; the crop is largely self-incompatible and needs insect pollinators.", "Lodging and stem breakage under wind and heavy heads.", "Cadmium accumulation in kernels on some soils, triggering food-limit rejections.", "Pollen flow and volunteer plants contaminating identity-preserved high-oleic or confection lots.", "Weedy volunteers competing in following crops.", "IgE-mediated food and occupational allergy to seed proteins (not a major labelled allergen in US/EU lists, but clinically real)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of common sunflower this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "In the US Great Plains, 'common sunflower' often means the wild weedy plant, while the crop is simply called sunflower; in horticulture the same English name covers garden ornamentals.", "Vernacular names track the turning-head image: French tournesol, Spanish girasol, German Sonnenblume, Russian подсолнечник.", "Elite oil germplasm is largely of Russian/Ukrainian 19th-20th century derivation; Native American landraces (for example Hopi dye types) are a separate cultivated stream.", "Production geography: historically Russia and Ukraine as the oilseed heartland; US Northern Plains split oil versus confection; Argentina a major Southern Hemisphere exporter; EU production concentrated in France, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Spain.", "In parts of Australia the species is both an oilseed crop and a listed environmental weed." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of common sunflower this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Helianthus petiolaris (prairie sunflower)", "difference": "Also an annual but usually smaller-headed and more slender; phyllaries typically narrower; prefers sandier soils. Chromosome number is also 2n = 34, so hybridisation with H. annuus occurs; identification rests on leaf and involucre characters, not chromosome count." }, { "name": "Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke)", "difference": "Perennial with edible tubers and many small heads; H. annuus is annual, lacks tubers, and in cultivation usually bears one or few large heads." }, { "name": "Helianthus argophyllus (silverleaf sunflower)", "difference": "Dense silvery tomentum on leaves and stems; H. annuus foliage is green and scabrous-hairy, not white-felted." }, { "name": "Heliopsis helianthoides (false sunflower)", "difference": "Leaves opposite (H. annuus leaves are alternate); ray florets typically fertile and persistent rather than sterile." }, { "name": "Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)", "difference": "Spiny involucre and usually orange-red florets; traded as another oilseed but not a Helianthus. Achenes lack the sunflower hull striping pattern of confection types." }, { "name": "Rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed Susan)", "difference": "Much smaller heads with a dark raised cone; achenes and receptacle structure differ; never an oilseed crop." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of common sunflower this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative regional identification key supplies the most reliable characters for separating Helianthus annuus from locally plausible lookalikes?", "Which cultivar-specific expectations for stature, branching, pollen production and flowering duration can be supported by breeder or accession records?", "What moisture and exposure decision thresholds are justified for the plant's climate, substrate, rooting volume and developmental stage?", "What pollination and isolation practices are required for the intended seed-saving outcome, given the cultivar and nearby compatible plants?", "Which maturity indicators and diagnostic escalation criteria are sufficiently validated for the intended harvest use and locally occurring sunflower disorders?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a common sunflower, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a common sunflower, assess its development and condition, and choose appropriate observation, care, propagation or harvest actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 137 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a common sunflower, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 137 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one common sunflower from another, and a common sunflower from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a common sunflower sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a common sunflower from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a common sunflower is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a common sunflower and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a common sunflower is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a common sunflower is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a common sunflower is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a common sunflower moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a common sunflower passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a common sunflower between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a common sunflower, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a common sunflower is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What common sunflower is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of common sunflower, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate common sunflower from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish common sunflower from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What common sunflower does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does common sunflower pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of common sunflower judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where common sunflower lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of common sunflower, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does common sunflower hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a common sunflower came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a common sunflower and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a common sunflower is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a common sunflower, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a common sunflower, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a common sunflower is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }